Zeziphi izixhobo ubushushu lokulinganisa

Enye physical iparameters ezibalulekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo ngaye, waphawula yaye yalungiswa, nokuba zasekhaya ubomi babantu, imijikelo imveliso okanye uphando elebhu, nguye sisalathisi lobushushu. Kuxhomekeka kwiipropati neempawu yobugcisa inkcazo indlela yokusebenza likhona kucalulo ezithile izixhobo zokulinganisela iqondo lobushushu kwiindidi ezithile: izixhobo ulwelo eqhelekileyo okanye izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo, eziphambili elektroniki kunye yokulinganisa laser, ezo enye bafanele baqhelane ubushushu indlu. Kakade ke, into elingundoqo emandundu indawo lwesicelo kwezixhobo ezinjalo.

Iintlobo izixhobo zokulinganisela iqondo lobushushu

Izixhobo zokwenza izifundo eziyimfuneko, kuquka isixhobo sokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu lomoya, zizakubalulwa ngokokwakheka kwakunye siseko ukusebenza osetyenziswa imilinganiselo. Kwanele zazisetyenziswa zadibana kunye kude kwiithemometha, ebizwa pyrometers. Ngaphezu koko, nokubekwa izixhobo zokulinganisa ubushushu iquka:

• Glass kunye metal ubushushu nokwandiswa ulwelo ebalekayo kwipropati lwemizimba volume utshintsho kwiqondo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo. Le spectrum yesenzo of ukususela -190 ukuya +500 ° C.
• kwiithemometha Manometric, esebenzisa ubudlelwane phakathi ubushushu angafaniyo ukwimo sukube, wabekwa umthamo ezivaliweyo kunye noxinzelelo. Basebenza kwi amaxabiso ukusuka -160 ukuya +600 ° C.
• kwiithemometha ukumelana zombane sithembele ukukwazi zezibonelelo yayikukutshintsha uxhathiso wombane umqhubi ngexesha zokufudumeza okupholisa. Olusebenzayo amanani ukusuka -200 ukuya +650 ° C.
• converters Thermoelectric - thermocouple. Isetyenziswa kule uluhlu 0 ukuya +1800 ° C. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa ukulinganisa impahla iqondo lobushushu zesinyithi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kunye aluminium Ferro avelise amandla electromotive xa ukutshintsha iqondo ubushushu kuhlangana.
• An izixhobo ngokujonga lobushushu ukususela +100 ukuya +2500 ° C - radiation pyrometer (photoelectric, enombala, imitha). Isenzo kungenxa yokuba esisigxina yi rate ichaphazela ubungakanani ubushushu ekhutshwa yi umzimba. Libhekisela non-contact uhlobo womlinganiselo. Ukwahlula phakathi wocingo kunye mobile, nephantsi ze-lobushushu eliphezulu pyrometer.

Kwiithemometha kwaye utsale abenzi

Ngokutsho kucalulo kweeyunithi ze-ubushushu lwenziwa ngokwahlukana kwabo ithemomitha kwaye utsale abenzi obushushu.

Eyokuqala - lo izixhobo mechanical, kubandakanywa izixhobo kuzaliswa gas-womoya, bimetal, eqhutywa ubushushu, iglasi kunye abalawuli ezidibeneyo.

abenzi ubushushu - na izixhobo ze-elektroniki ultra-ngqo phambili zokurekhoda iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza ulwelo eziqinileyo. Kufuneka banyangwe kwiithemometha yokunganyangeki, thermocouples, zidlulisele nabenzi boluvo kunye detectors, baxhotyiswa kunye neendlela irileyi.

Latest lobushushu detectors baxhotyiswa USB-interface, imemori okugcina nokuhlalutya uphando, laser aimer-gunner.

Ukulinganisa lokubanda kwamanzi

isixhobo ngasinye eyahlukileyo yokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu amanzi, izisombululo ukubanda nobushushu lubonakala umgaqo okhethekileyo yokusebenza. Kukho izixhobo ubhetyebhetye ezifanelekileyo kananjalo imilinganiselo yentsebenzo umoya.

sikali ulwelo

Glass izixhobo ulwelo zaziwa ngokuba ithemomitha zisisiseko kwaye nezichanekileyo, ezi ke ziyafumaneka angela tye. Ifildi lwesicelo - uhlalutyo kwezixhobo nkqubo, kwakunye eziluncedo (enikuqwalaseleyo imibhobho). Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo amaxabiso ukusuka -35 ukuya +600 ° C, yaye njengento mercury Ukuzibona isetyenziswa kaninzi ngaphezu kwabanye, kwaye ukufunda irekhodwa esikalini.

Kuxhomekeka indawo kunye nokusetyenziswa iimpawu zolwakhiwo bahlule izixhobo zonyango, ubunjineli, qhagamshelana yombane, elulwelo, nekalamo kunye nabanye.

Isixhobo ethile yokulinganisa ubushushu yamanzi ekhethiweyo ngokutsho impazamo ngokuvunywe imilinganiselo.

Devices yokuqingqa iqondo lobushushu ngaphandle

Isixhobo lokuqala yokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu - yinto ubushushu iglasi icandelo esebenzayo ulwelo enokuba mercury, ethyl utywala, toluene kunye nezinye izinto.

Precision izixhobo zokulinganisela mercury ezi Ikalamo scale yeglasi esikhumbeni. Ba ezifunwayo izifundo laboratory kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo imveliso kunye namayeza. Yeziqholo ubushushu ifakwe ngaphaya ubushushu-resistant izidanga tube capillary, kunye nohlobo yesibini kweemitha ungachazwa ukuthi ukwahlukana isikali amalungiselelo emva kwayo ipleyiti eyahlukileyo, kwaye yonke indlela lukhuselwe kwisingxobo yeglasi ixesha elide.

Phambi yabafowunelwa zombane kwisixhobo ibizwa ngokuba termosignalizatorom neencindi ezibuthathaka ngaphakathi dami kunye capillary ibonisa amaqondo obushushu yangoku indawo ezingqongileyo.

Amanqaku thermostats kanye alamu

Ngaphandle ngasentla, apho zikhona ezinye izixhobo zokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu. Ngokomzekelo, njengokuba abenzi boluvo kunye abalawuli lobushushu zisetyenziswa kunye dilatometers esiqwini izinto ezibuthathaka aluminiyamu ezingafani Ferro leyo ziyanatyiswa ngexesha ukufudumeza yi izixa ezahlukeneyo.

Lo mgaqo mnye luphawulwa olunye uhlobo ubushushu - Bimetallic, kunye afakiwe lobushushu-onovakalelo entwasahlobo, nge welding, kunye iperi iipleyiti zesinyithi kunye nokwandiswa thermal ezahlukeneyo. Ngexesha ukufudumeza emthonjeni nembasa uyaguqa termokoeffitsienta omnci ngokugoba ebukhulwini ezinqwenelwa lobushushu candelo.

sikali electric

Beempawu ukulungisa thermal yokusingqongileyo ekude kuluhlu ukususela -15 ukuya +125 ° C na isixhobo licwecwe kakhulu yokulinganisa ubushushu - njengeminqweno ubushushu yombane. Xa isixhobo yakhe amaqhina oqhagamshelwano yi imitha intambo kunye sensor.

Into ethe yinto entle kakhulu ucingo lobhedu gauge ndixakene kweleli umcu kwisakhelo.

Zeziphi izixhobo sokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni

lobushushu umzimba wakhe kulinganiswa ubushushu njalo. Kodwa namhlanje kukho ezinye kwiithemometha ezininzi, ezahlukeneyo ngenkangeleko kunye nemigaqo esisiseko amanyathelo.

Zizixhobo kakhulu eqhelekileyo elingelinye ubushushu wethu, umsebenzi sekwandiseni thermal lesigidi, separafini, utywala kunye nabanye. Ulwelo. Bathi akubizi, practical yaye ichanile ngokwaneleyo, ingakumbi imetyhuri, nangona iziqulatho zinetyhefu emzimbeni yeglasi ethe ihambisana engozini.

isixhobo elektroniki okanye idijithali zokulinganisa ubushushu bomzimba ibonisa ixabiso olifunayo ngokusebenzisa woluvo ezihlangeneyo, kodwa kubiza okuninzi ngaphezu ixabiso "abazalwana" ulwelo. Ezi ithemomitha contact.

pyrometers Infrared musa ukuba ukudibana ngqo nomntu owenza kude. isivamvo Supersensitive imizuzwana 2-15 afunde ixabiso radiation, kukukhupha umphumo kwidispleyi. Ezi zixhobo lobushushu non-contact yokulinganisa zezona zona iintsapho kunye nabantwana abancinane, amatyala ulele abagulayo, njl Ukongeza, ukuba luncedo kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwinkqubo zokupheka, kunye neendidi ezinamandla ngakumbi -. Kushishino amandla, kwiisayithi yokwakha, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye namanye amashishini .

Xa kuyimfuneko sikali ekude

Kudla kukho amaxesha xa ukulinganisa iqondo lobushushu indlela contact akwenzeki okanye kungelula. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kufuneka Ithemomitha - isixhobo wokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu ekude, ezizezi:

• xa izikhombisi imilinganiselo imizimba kakhulu shushu okanye indawo esinetyhefu;
• nokufikelela nzima, kunye impazamo encinci ukwenza imilinganiselo kumgama amashumi yeemitha;
• xa esweni iindlela intshukumo, yaye oko bekuya uthathe sesibili;
• luxilongo zokwakha zombane xa kulula kakhulu ukuba imitha isixhobosovavanyo lwemifanekiso yobekelo kude kumaziko ezininzi ezikude.

Zeziphi zingaba balinganise iqondo lobushushu metal

Kushishino metallurgical ukuba uphando aluminiyamu Ferro otyhidiweyo kufuna isixhobo sokulinganisa robust ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Abo pyrometer ingqalelo ochazwe ngaphambili. Bona zigxunyekwe kummandla radiation ubushushu, leyo oluphawula ubushushu Rule yale sentsimbi. Xa iimeko ezinzima indlela yokusebenza omsindo ubushushu licwecwe ezilungele. Xa uboniso olunombala wamanzi akhazimlayo ubonisa le ngcaciso ilandelayo:

• lobushushu kanye kwi Fahrenheit and Celsius;
• lobushushu asemdeni;
• ibhetri.

ukuchaneka olulolona variable kulinganiswa kunokuzuzwa kuphela xa into phakathi isixhobo ekude kwaye akukho nophazamiso ngokohlobo engumphunga okanye ubushushu ukufunxa eziqinileyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza imilinganiselo aluminiyamu Ferro kwi ukhamba yezothutho okanye ukugalelwa, kuyimfuneko ukwamkela imeko ukuba amaqondo obushushu lingaphantsi kwe-Inani elililo yaye ziza kumiselwa izibalo.

Ukwenzela ukuphepha ezingachanekanga yale ndlela, esebenzisa esinye isixhobo sokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu intsimbi, oko kukuthi mshini blackbody. Oku sokuvalwa zinyibilikile kwaye uchazwa ityhubhu kunye isiphelo soldered okanye oluvuleleke cone esatsiba nomgodi okanye metal eliyinjubaqa. Kuyo nayiphi na termoizmeritel ngobuwena kufuneka abe ukuxhathisa ukwanda ubushushu, ukumelana iikhemikhali kunye conductivity esemagqabini thermal ukubonisa i data echanekileyo kakhulu.

Ukulinganisa iqondo lobushushu injini

ukusebenza ixesha elide, kwakunye ukulungiswa ngamaxesha oomatshini ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, eziquka - isixhobo sokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu injini. Ezi ziquka thermocouples, thermistors nokwandiswa kwiithemometha.

Thermocouples - elula kakhulu kwaye eyaziwa phakathi izixhobo beemoto sokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu evele oko kwayijikeleza kunye motor kwisisu embilwini. Ngezi abenzi lobushushu ukuze esisigxina data, nkqu nzima ukuze afikelele kwimimandla ye-injini, kwi vee kunye umphakathi. Bonisa iingcingo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo metal ezisemajukujukwini soldered eziphelweni kwicala elinye kuzo zibekwe kwindawo ethile yokulinganisa. Iziphelo yesibini eqhagamshelwe millivoltmeter kunye ithemometha, wamcacisela yeempawu igqiba lobushushu elililo.

Mercury kunye notywala ithemomitha nokwandiswa zibe lula kakhulu ukuba imilinganiselo eziyimfuneko kwiziza ezikhoyo: ngokubhijela umphezulu ubuze beli izinto ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye ephumayo (okanye engenayo) ukusuka emoyeni uqukuqelo-injini. Thermistors a ucingo lobhedu jiko iqhotyoshelwe kwiindawo ezininzi injini, kuquka ithuba lazo, esisigxina ngokuthatha kwakunye ngokumisela ixabiso avareji.

izixhobo Secondary esetyenziselwa imilinganiselo lobushushu

Sizama ukunika inkcazelo oko sisixhobo mveliso eziziisekondari sokubala iqondo lobushushu. Enyanisweni, lo isixhobo ezenzekelayo sokwandiswa esibalulekileyo imitha engundoqo, ukubamba nokuguqula ekugcinwa ngokobuntu-efundeka. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza ulawulo ngqo, kweesiginali kunye ulawulo lobushushu ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezizodwa apho izinxaxhi kwenzeka ukususela kuMmandla iimeko zokusebenza elinikiweyo. Ngokwahlukeneyo bodwa zombane eziziisekondari zokubhala kunye ephathekayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, yokulinganisa ubushushu izixhobo zasesekondari kufuneka istili zokuzikhusela oluqinile kwaye mayixhotyiswe isikali izidanga. Bhalisa amanani avela ngokutsho itshati ebhalwe thermocouples, eqhutywa uhlobo, kwiithemometha ukumelana, transducers kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Ukuqwalasela iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngolwazi, kuyimfuneko ukwahlula izixhobo zamabanga ukurekhoda kwaye iphawu lemifanekiso uboniso, abangatshatanga multi-channel, esebenza-ezimbini nabangatshatanga-kuluhlu. Xa kukho indlela kweesiginali yamacebo data bubonisa nangoko utshintsho nezingamkelekanga lobushushu ezahlukeneyo ukusuka ixabiso olifunayo. Oku kunceda ukuba ukugcina ukuhamba ubhalo esizenzayo kunye neenkqubo apho ababandakanyeka.

Kuzo zonke iindidi izixhobo ukuba iqondo lobushushu irekhodi readings iigesi, ulwelo kunye eziqinileyo kufuneka unike ingqalelo ukuba kukhethwe ifowuni efunekayo. Imiba ephambili ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo imida yokwakha lwamaxabiso ubushushu, umgama ubuninzi apho imilinganiselo enokwenziwa (phambi), ukuchaneka. Kwaye, kakade, ithathele ingqalelo imihlaba ukusetyenziswa ethile uhlobo ubushushu.