Yintoni na isakhiwo mde kakhulu eNew York?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imihlaba wokwakha icocekile ngokwenene. izakhiwo Modern kwindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi abe ezahlukeneyo iimilo, ubukhulu, kwaye inokubhabha phezulu kakhulu, ngokoqobo wayetshona ngamafu. Kodwa ke kuqala ehlabathini ekwakheni eziphakamileyo kwi ekunene yi New York. Esi sixeko umdla kakhulu, uhambo angenako ngokukhuselekileyo kuqwalaselwa epheleleyo ngaphandle ngokundwendwela iqonga ubuncinane enye ukubukela. izakhiwo abaninzi abade eNew York ukuba namaqonga ukubukela ekhethekileyo ibekwe kwi imigangatho ephezulu okanye ngqo phezu kwendlu. Kucacile ukuba ezi zakhiwo ugu iimbono yesixeko nakwimimandla ekufutshane apho. Yintoni na isakhiwo mde kakhulu eNew York? Oku uya kufunda ngokufunda nqaku. Iifoto ezakhiwe wobugcisa nazo ziyafumaneka.

Qala of zokwakha

New York ngomnye imizi abaninzi US. Kodwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba eli isihloko apha waqalisa kugqatso ukwakha izakhiwo. Kuba ixesha elithile isixeko wayeka ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kolu gqatso ingaqhelekanga, oludityaniswe kunye nentlekele September 11, 2001, xa abanqolobi izakhiwo emide zitshatyalalisiwe eNew York - iinqaba amawele of the World Trade Center. Nangaliphi na ixesha isakhiwo eziphakamileyo wamiswa, waza wajika namasundu kumazwe Arab kunye neTshayina. Namhlanje le meko iyatshintsha ngendlela entle: a ezinde embalwa zakhiwa emva 2014, loo mzi ungakhiwa aphezulu zokuhlala isakhiwo eziphakamileyo ehlabathini. Njengomgaqo, izakhiwo eziphakamileyo ekumi namziko eentengiso, iihotele, ii-ofisi namaziko efanayo.

Ngoko ke, imbali ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinde kwiSixeko saseNew York iqala ngo-1890, xa kusakhiwa-manzi 106 "New York Worley Building" sele igqityiwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le nto amafu lokuqala kweso sixeko, kodwa ke yena lowo igqithile ukuphakama Church of Emnye, ogama spire ifikelela 87 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kangangexesha elide, "Billing World" wahlala isakhiwo ezinde esixekweni. Kuphela ngo-1899 kwakukho design ephezulu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba azikho okwangoku le izakhiwo ezinemigangatho, kuba ngo-1955 oko sachithwa ukwandisa indlela ukuya Bridge eBrooklyn.

Emva koko, ngo eziphakamileyo yolwakhiwo, kwaye kwangoko kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinye iindawo zomhlaba. Ukususela ngowe-1980 apha 11 izakhiwo emide ehlabathini lakhiwa. Ukususela ngowe-1910 ukuya kowe-1930, "inyusiwe" amafu-16, zonke izakhiwo 82 ukususela 1890 kwaye kule mini yakhiwe. "Billing Empire State", "TrampBilding", "Vulvor Building" yaye "Ukwakha Krayser" wabonakala ngeli thuba. Nganye kwezi zakhiwo ixesha abanye babambelela isihloko liphezulu ehlabathini. Eyokuqala kwezi wayengophambili iminyaka 40.

Isakhiwo emide phakathi komzi

Iliza yesibini sokwakha yaqala ngo 1960 .. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kuba yayakhiwe izakhiwo malunga 70 ngaphezulu kweemitha 183. Yintoni na isakhiwo mde kakhulu eNew York? World Trade Center, enye yezi ezinde zaba. North Tower yaba emide ehlabathini ukususela 1972 ukuya 1973, yaye esi sixeko - de 2001. Zonke izakhiwo ezintandathu odumileyo World Trade Center yatshatyalaliswa kuhlaselo abagrogrisi 2001.

Njani ubizwa ngokuba isakhiwo ezinde kwiSixeko New York? Okwangoku kwindawo yokuqala ukuphakama emi World Trade Center 1, eyakhelwe indawo kutshatyalaliswa liziko evenkileni. Kubude besakhiwo ezinde eNew York obeziimitha 541. Oku nokuxhasa "Willis Tower" ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala. I-World Trade Center 1 isakhiwo wesithandathu iphakamileyo ehlabathini, kunye neeofisi kwakwe- iphakamileyo ehlabathini kunye aphezulu saseNtla Koloni. Esi sakhiwo ezingundoqo kweziko elitsha shopping ekuthiwa Freedom Tower, ngaloo ndlela egxininisa ukuba abantu US ukuba ndithobe intloko yakhe isisongelo ubunqolobi. Ukwakhiwa yagqitywa May 10, 2013 ukufakelwa imitha 124 ubude yaye anobunzima 758 lo spire. Zingaphi imigangatho kwi sakhiwo ezinde kwiSixeko New York? Floor 104 liye Tower.

Emva ntlekele eyenzeka ngo-2001, urhulumente US ixesha elide asikwazanga ukuba mabenze ntoni na kule ndawo kususwe. Kwelinye icala, ukuba kwakucaca ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwakha amafu entsha, yaye kwelinye icala, kwakufuneka immortalize inkumbulo amaxhoba abonise ihlabathi ukuba eUnited States akadinwa emva amagalelo anzima ezinjalo. ukhuphiswano kuqala ezithintelweyo kuphuhliso isithuba esingenamntu sele wathi, kodwa uninzi iiprojekthi ziye kakubi ziqondeka nabantu basekuhlaleni. Emva koko ke ukhuphiswano esidlangalaleni, yaye waphumelela Daniel Libeskind. Noko ke, emva kokuba kufunyenwe imvume wezakhiwo yakhe projekthi ndibe kwiminyaka emine ngaphezulu ukucola egcwele iphepha yayo engundoqo, ukuze kube ngaphantsi wapakisha njengokuba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni. Ku wathabatha umnqweno kaRhulumente kwi-akhawunti ukwenza uyilo kuphephe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Okwangoku, isakhiwo of the World Trade Center (isakhiwo emide e-New York, 2016) iqulathe izakhiwo ezintlanu imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, sisikhumbuzo kukhunjulwa amaxhoba, kwakunye Art Gallery. Kodwa loo nto konke! Phantsi isakhiwo emide kakhulu eNew York, Freedom Tower, yayiyilwe yi udluliselo ekhethekileyo emgodini amasebe-high speed kaloliwe, ezivumela ukuba uhambe ukusuka World Trade Center 1 kuzo zonke iimbombo mzi.

indawo yesibini

indawo yesibini lweFIFA of "Esi sakhiwo emide e-New York" (iifoto thaca ingqalelo yakho kwinqaku) ithatha 432 Park Avenue. Amafu uba ukuphakama kuyimitha 426, nangona iprojekthi ekuqaleni ukuba iimitha 396 kuphela. Kuba ekwakhiweni kwayo kuyimfuneko ukuba kudilizwe le ofisi hotel Drake Hotel, ukuthenga leyo ixabise umbhekisi phambili 440 million. Isambuku Iindleko zokwakha sele ifikelele $ 1.25 billion. Okwangoku, yenye yeendawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo yokuhlala eNew York. Ukongeza, le sakhiwo i zokuhlala isakhiwo eziphakamileyo iphakamileyo ehlabathini. Kwi-US, oko uvelile 3 ukuphakama, ehlabathini - indawo 19.

An into umdla kukuba eluphahleni Freedom Tower kwi neemitha 9.8 ngezantsi, kodwa kwindawo yokuqala wanikwa ngasemthonjeni spire eliphezulu. Esi sakhiwo uba uyilo ekhethekileyo - yinto imilo enyulu zejiyometri, oko kukuthi isikwere xa zijongwe ukusuka ngentla. Esi sakhiwo kade imigangatho 85, indawo nganye - 368 square metres. icala ngalinye amafu enefestile ezintandathu. Umnini wale elihle sakhiwo kunye part-time umbhekisi inebhongo isakhiwo, yaye isithi uphawu omtsha City New York, kodwa abaninzi abakhi ezaziwayo-kakuhle kunye nabantu ebalulekileyo lizwe bathi 432 Park Avenue yi "column obhityileyo."

Iindleko zokuhlala kwisakhiwo aphezulu eNew York, ukususela yesigidi ezimbalwa ukuya emashumini ambalwa ezigidi zeerandi. Ephezulu kophahla kwi sakhiwo yesibini-emide eNew York Kwathengwa for $ 95 million nge Billionaire Saudi. Ukongeza kumagumbi 104, isakhiwo iza kuba kwiziko ukufaneleka, indawo yokutyela, yokugquma, iindawo zokuqubha, Golf Course, kunye nezinye iimpawu ubomi obuyimpumelelo.

indawo yesithathu

Oku kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba "isakhiwo emide eNew York" kwaye i Empire State Building, ibekwe kwi kwisiqithi eManhattan. Ingaba isakhiwo ofisi. Height - meters 381, eyakhiwa ngo-1931. I-ofisi sakhiwo emide e-New York na imigangatho-103. Isihloko behlabathi emide ziqhubeka Empire State Building ukususela kowe-1931 ukuya ku-1970-th, nto leyo naye uhlobo irekhodi. Uzishiye amafu ayikwazanga emantla nenqaba kwiziko lorhwebo. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwayo amafu wabuya ezinde eNew York, kodwa hayi ixesha elide.

bokwakha Esi sakhiwo ithi Deco zobugcisa, ngowe-2007 wafumana itayitile simse yokwakha US, yaye ngowe-1986 yaqukwa kuluhlu ezikhumbuzo zesizwe ngokubaluleka yembali kweli lizwe. Isakhiwo njengangoku ubekwa kwindawo yesine aphezulu kweli lizwe kunye 22 - ehlabathini.

Namhlanje, iziko ofisi ngokutsha ukwenza kube ngakumbi indalo. Indleko yonke imisebenzi kuqikelelwa kwi $ 550 million.

Le yenethiwekhi Empire State uye izibonelelo ezininzi ezizodwa. Nantsi iholo engaqhelekanga Guinness, iholo iimitha ezingama-30 ubude kunye ukuphakama nemigangatho emithathu, ngokupheleleyo iiphaneli ezimbejembeje Zazihonjiswe ngemifanekiso imisebenzi 7 ehlabathini. Ke kaloku, iziko ebizwa i wonder wesibhozo zehlabathi.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwi imigangatho 102 kunye neeflethi 86 kukho amaqonga ukubukela ezibonakalayo, ongenza ukuya ilifti nje umzuzu omnye.

Bank of America Tower

Bank of America Tower kukho ukuphakama kuyimitha 366 kunye nobume wesakhiwo yesine emide phakathi komzi. Ngexesha uphuhliso projekthi, kukho nto ephambili eya kujongwa ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo kunye zesakhiwo. Zonke izinto design kugxininisa ngakumbi usetyenziso isebenzayo kwezibonelelo zendalo. Umzekelo, iifestile kabini-ezimenyezelayo kwisakhiwo ngokuyinxenye ukufunxa ukukhanya, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ukunika inqanaba eyimfuneko sokukhanyisa. Ukongeza, ukuba babe emissivity eliphantsi, leyo ukugcina kakhulu kwi ukufudumeza egcwele iphepha. Ukongeza, apha kukho inkqubo eqokelela ne amacebo okucoca amanzi emvula. Umoya okungena sakhiwo ngaphandle, phantsi ukuhluza ekhethekileyo. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa kwenqaba yasetyenziswa zesixa nakwizinto esele zisetyenzisiwe.

Ebusuku, apha kukho zemali ngumkhenkce, elisetyenziswayo pholisa isakhiwo kusasa nasemva kwemini. Nkqu zokuchama zilungiswe ntoni ukuze oko kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Ukuba uyakwazi ukugcina ukuya ku-30 ezigidi eelitha zamanzi ngonyaka ngamnye kwaye kuncitshiswe ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dioxide. Esi sakhiwo zayo wokuphehla umbane uyakwazi ukunika iimfuno kwesakhiwo, ukuze bakwazi ukunciphisa iindleko zokuhambisa umbane kwisakhiwo, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukufumana umbane engundoqo.

Esi sakhiwo kade imigangatho 55. Ngaba yokuqala ehlabathini, ezafumana kwezatifiketi platinum yokubaluleka kwamandla kunye nolwakhiwo indalo.

World Trade Center-3

Esinye isakhiwo, eziya kongeza lomculo entsha World Trade Center eUnited States. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo yaqala ngo-2010, lokugunyazisa kulindeleke ngo-2018. Ngokutsho iprojekthi yokuqala, kuya kubakho imigangatho 80, ukuphakama izakhiwo kuya kufuneka ukufikelela iimitha 378. Esi sakhiwo siza kuba ubhalo-ofisi. Ulwakhiwo lwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ngegolide imvelo okukhethekileyo kwamandla alingeneyo. Isakhiwo yantlandlolo, leyo eyakhelwe kwisiza bakalokunje wonzakala emva kokuba moya abagrogrisi lingena ezinde World Trade Center. gear kokwehla yawa wawa phezu kwesakhiwo, ngokonakalisa imigangatho ephezulu, kodwa ke umonakalo omkhulu ngayo eAmsterdam ngexesha ekuweni. Ngelo xesha sokonakala ehotele, kwakukho malunga 1,000 abantu. Kakhulu mba baba imigangatho ephantsi ezintathu kuphela.

Chrysler Building

Enye iisimboli mzi, apho umntu unelungelo lokuba isakhiwo ezinde eNew York, ngakumbi ngqo, omnye wabo. Yeyona yipropathi ombutho "Chrysler". Yakhiwa 1930 yaye ukuphakama kuyimitha 320. iinyanga Malunga 11 emva kokwakhiwa wathabatha kwindawo yokuqala kuluhlu liphezulu ehlabathini. Okwangoku wathengisa kubanikazi ezintsha.

Umdla Yiyo le imbali ekwakhiweni kwayo. Le projekthi eyagunyaziswa langaphambili leNdlu, olahlekelwe isihloko phambi kokuphela komsebenzi. Emva koko iprojekthi wathengiswa ombutho "Chrysler". Umakhi isakhiwo Kreg Severans. Nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo wawuqondiswa ukuze yogqithe owayesakuba iqela-iqabane, yaye emva utshaba engumlawuli Van UEllena. Ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo isakhiwo nje iinyawo ezimbalwa sele ifakwe, ukubetha olu khuphiswano. Ngaxa lithile, injongo iphumelele, kodwa Van Allen wafumana imvume ukufaka iphepha lakho spire ukuphakama kuyimitha 38. Ngaphandle izibhengezo, wachitha ukusebenza waza wavuka wathatha uhlobo ulwaneliseko yokuba ndibe nako ukufumana ngeenxa umhlobo bangaphambili. Noko ke, uvuyo yaba alwayo elide elifutshane, kuba emva kweenyanga ezili-11 ka-Empire State Building yavulwa, "ukudlula" izakhiwo ezimbini.

Xa eyila i sakhiwo kusetyenziswa ubugcisa Deco isimbo, kodwa izinto ezininzi namangqina avele ehexisayo. Ngoko ke, inxalenye engentla ubume neenkontsho yemoto isitayile ezimotweni, "Chrysler" ngelo xesha, ukongeza, kukho imihombiso ngohlobo okhozi bokubhabha. Kangangethuba elide wezakhiwo kunye nokwakha nabanini bamgxeka ngenxa frivolity, kodwa ngoku Chrysler Building ithathwa ngumfuziselo ixesha imi- 20-kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, kwaye isakhiwo ngokuthi "Manhattan yinzwana." Ngo-2005, i ezinde Museum imbasa kuye isihloko sezisombululo othandekayo yokwakha US, le isihloko kwathengwa ngaphezulu emva zokuvota ngaphezu kokuba abantu amawaka kweli lizwe ezinxulumene ngezakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo.

Kumgangatho ngelixesha ukubukela iqonga, wenzela kamva ke ajikwa yokutyela.

The New York Times Building

Ukwakhiwa 52 imigangatho yakhiwa ngo-2007. Ubude banikwa antenna leemitha 319, nto leyo ibeka New York Times bildin endaweni yesithandathu kunye Chrysler Building. Esi sakhiwo inikwa iimfuno iphephandaba kwaye yakhiwa ngokomyalelo abanini ncwadi. Italian umyili bokwakha wafunda, design saphuhliswa yi-Ofisi American, yaye umsebenzi izibane ebusuku wayenza kwenye inkampani. Ngoko ke, i ibhloko uhleliyo sisiphumo mveliso emininzi eqaphelekayo bokwakha.

Ngexesha zokwakha ezisetyenziswa izixhobo ezisebenzisa amandla ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, iifestile ezikhethekileyo ukufunxa ezinye imitha yelanga kwaye akavumeli isakhiwo ukuba shushu. ukhonza En izibonelelo izityalo amandla-40%, lo ukusasaza ubushushu ngexesha lomsebenzi sibhekiswe ukufudumeza imigangatho.

namaqonga ukubukela

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, uhambo oluya umzi omkhulu waseUnited States wayeza kuba njengezingaphelelanga ukuba ngaba ukutyelela isakhiwo ezinde eNew York kunye kumgangatho bunokulolongeka, nelinika imbono zobungangamela esi sixeko. Kangangethuba elide panorama kakhulu umdla evulayo evela Rockefeller Centre kunye Empire State Building.

Khwela ku kumaqonga ukubukela kuba phezu lift, kufuneka kuqala iphumele izithuba zokhuseleko eziliqela kunye metal detectors, kodwa xa yonke into ilungile, izivakashi kwisiza, ngelo izidanga 360 linikezela panorama emangalisayo. Njengoko kumaqonga ukubukela ibekwe phezu izakhiwo aphezulu, nto ubasithe yakho, kwaye ukuba imozulu kuvumela, uyakwazi ukubona lonke New York indlela uyabonakala iintaka.

Into yokuqala ozithandayo iliso lakho - oku iinqaba manzi. Phantse wonke isakhiwo esixekweni zixhotyiswe nenqaba yayo, obonelela ngamanzi. Ukongeza, ezinye eluphahleni ingabonwa imiyezo umtshato, izitulo ukulungiselela Akukho nje kunye umphezulu kakhulu kuwo. Umntu wasebenzisa phahla ukuba ilingane iimfuno zakho, ukukhula amahobe okanye nezinye izilwanyana, kwaye nazo ngamanye amaxesha kuphela. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ezinye kwezindlu lweminwe nezixhotyiswe nezindlu zeefama yokwenene bee ezininzi iinyosi.

Ngaphandle kophahla omiweyo, uyakwazi ukubona iindawo ezinomdla kwesixeko kunye nendawo - kwo ngaphesheya Hudson, wakha ezinde bazisika Manhattan Stuyvesant Town - indawo engaqhelekanga kunye nezindlu bokwakha engaqhelekanga, nto leyo ikhule kule minyaka 1940 yaye kwelinye icala Hudson River, uyakwazi ukubona kwidolophu yisathelayithi Jersey. Ukongeza, i imbono omhle amafu kakhulu yokuqala eNew York - Flatiron Building ukuphakama kuyimitha 82, nto leyo yakhiwa ngo-1902.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga elihle Empire State Building kukuba ngo-1945 wabetha i US Air Force bomber, kodwa akazange enze naliphi na umonakalo, yaye ngosuku olulandelayo isakhiwo yaphinda-kuvulwa kuluntu.

Lokujongwa sinendawo kwi Rockefeller Centre nayo luyagwagwisa iimboniselo ezinkulu, kwaye kubalulekile utyelelo njengoko ubusuku nemini. Eyona umdla apha imbono zobungangamela Central Park. Kukho iindawo ezininzi kweli sakhiwo - vula ngokupheleleyo ngelothe. Rockefeller tsenr yakhiwa kwi-30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela kwaye ibekwe kufutshane kwenye isixeko 30 eziphakamileyo. Ukongeza, umfanekiso edumileyo "Lunch kwi amafu," nto leyo idlulisela abasebenzi ehleli phezu umqadi ukuphakama omkhulu, oko kwenziwe ekwakheni izakhiwo ezinemigangatho - ngo-1932.

I lokuqala eziphakamileyo eManhattan

Amafu yokuqala eManhattan, phakathi kwezinye izinto, uyilo lokuqala kakhulu. Ubume senziwe kwifomu yesinyithi, kwaye xa kujongwa ngokungqongqo ukusuka phezulu, sibona unxantathu. Hayi ngengozi esi sakhiwo ngokuba Flatiron Building, leyo iguqulelwe ngokuthi "yentsimbi '.

Intengiso egcwele sise ekudibaneni kwezitalato amathathu - ebanzi, Fifth Avenue kunye 23 Street. Kubude yokwakha yeemitha 82 sagqitywa ngowe-1902. Ukongeza imilo ekhethekileyo, amafu iye twist omnye; lowo wokuqala, ulwakhiwo eyaqhotyoshelwa kwisakhelo pre-isethi imiqadi isithombe.

Esi sakhiwo na imilo bomhlathi lakudala kunye kwisiseko ecacileyo (izanda ezintlanu zokuqala), kucacile ukuba umphanda nakumphezulu, xa imilo nesingxobo. Ngumdali ongengowale ndalo elide gqitha igama lakhe kwisihloko yenzala: Fuller Building ulinike igama kwakhona ngokukhawuleza "Iron".

An into umdla kukuba ngenxa imilo kunye nemixube izitalato unique kufuphi isakhiwo rhoqo kusenzeka ukungena komoya inyuka up. Wanikwa igama elikhethekileyo - 23 skidoo. Sekunjalo uthethe ukuba maxa wambi ecaleni sakhiwo kunokubonwa amadoda ndidikwe lindela ukuba ezi uya kuzivelisela ilokhwe okanye enyeleni abafazi idlula.

Ukongeza koku kungasentla, isakhiwo odumileyo ngenxa yokuba sele wafudukela kwidolophu etsomo of Liberty City ukusuka umdlalo ka GTA4, kodwa jikelele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, uyakwazi ukubona ngemfano yendoda ze wenza ngokupheleleyo-ubude.