Yintoni na co-operatives? Iintlobo kunye neempawu amanyeneyo

Abantu ababumbene kumaqela ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. abazingeli Primitive ezingelwa kunye, abalimi wayesebenza emasimini. Yintoni na co-operatives, babengazi. Kodwa unxulumano yabo kakuhle ingabalelwa ingcamango mihla op.

Co-op - ntoni na?

Igama elithi "Iqumrhu" livela kwiingcambu ezimbini Latin co - "kunye", "kunye" kunye íOpus - "umsebenzi", "umsebenzi". Ngoko ke, ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo oko co-operatives, inkcazelo eqhelekileyo kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe eguqulelwe lula njengoko amanyathelo ngokudibeneyo kunye nentsebenziswano.

Co-op - ngumbutho abantu bendalo okanye sezomthetho sentsebenziswano kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi. Oku kuquka imveliso kunye nokuthengisa, ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza izakhiwo, ukuthengwa nokusetyenziswa kweenkonzo kunye nempahla. A umbutho ngokuzithandela lwequmrhu ezaziwayo zomthetho, ukuphuhlisa ngeendleko self-mali kunye nolawulo.

wadala impahla sentsebenziswano ngokusekelwe kwi equity yelungu ngalinye op. Isiphumo mbutho iba ukwabelana ipropati entsha nzuzo. A phawu bokuhlala op uthathwa ukuba ube yinxalenye ilungu ngalinye umsebenzi. Phambi yokudibanisa iiseti iinjongo ezithile, wadala mali eqhelekileyo. Ilungu ngalinye share intsebenziswano ngokwenza (share). Zabelo aqhutywa sokubambisana linoxanduva iingozi ezibandakanyekayo, ingeniso abelwa.

Eyona eziphambili ze amanyeneyo

Yima iintlobo op kwi ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola. Xa uhlobo lomsebenzi marginalize amanyathelo emveliso kunye nomthengi. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo? Production iphawulwa uhlobo inxaxheba yabasebenzi elisisinyanzelo ilungu ngalinye lombutho kumsebenzi kwimveliso ngenxa yenzuzo. It vumela ukutshintshwa inxaxheba yabasebenzi kwi igalelo share. Ziye zanda SKHPK (entsebenziswano yezolimo kwimveliso).

Op kwabathengi loo inxaxheba ungayikhetha. Loo manyano wadala njengombutho nzuzo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabelo. Ukuya op nomthengi uluntu abathengi (NGO), ookopolotyeni zolimo (SCC) kunye union namanye amalungu-zabelo.

amanyathelo abathengi

Uhlobo amanyathelo abathengi simelwe iintlobo ezininzi. Okokuqala - uluntu abathengi. ngabemi IFomu kunye amaqumrhu asemthethweni zokuthengwa yezolimo kunye nezinye iimveliso, ngokubonelela zabelo kufuneka ukusebenzisa imveliso kwenu, nangoncedo kwezinto eziyimfuneko. store jikelele kunye noluntu yabathengi sishintshe sibe isifinyezo okubonakalayo ukuba uthetha usasazo kunye nokubaluleka.

op Agricultural ukumanyanisa abantu, iifama abucala aphambili kunye abavelisi bezolimo. inxaxheba yabasebenzi Personal kule meko kuyimfuneko. SCC ihlanganisa begadi okanye egadini, iinkqubo iimveliso zolimo okanye wathengisa ngayo, ukwenza unikezelo, inshorensi okanye ngemali.

Imisebenzi ku isihloko co-op

Ukususela amagama co-operatives kubonakala ngokucacileyo injongo ngendalo zabo kunye nomsebenzi kwamalungu ayo. GSK izibandakanya nabanini iigaraji, ukwakha acwangcise ulawulo obunawo yokwenene, villa-sakhiwo lidibanisa abanikazi izindlu zokuhlala zasehlotyeni. Ngokuba izindlu, kukho ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, ookopolotyeni izindlu kunye nolondolozo. ookopolotyeni zezindlu kunye nolondolozo (CCP) zezilwanya ngenxa yokubolekisa ngemali. Zitsale zabelo imali mboleko ngenxa yenzala, ukubonelela ngoncedo lwezimali kumafama, amashishini ezolimo kunye iifama zabantu nganye. imisebenzi yokudibanisa lwenziwa ngenxa yesivumelwano ngokuzithandela ilungu-zabelo.

Ezinye iintlobo op

Ngaba kwahlulwa kunye neminye imiqathango entsebenziswano esebenzayo. Sinasabelo iintlobo co-operatives ezikhoyo? Kunzima ukunika impendulo ecacileyo njengoko ezinxityelelanisiweyo iimpawu kukhokelela ukufana ngaxeshanye kunye iintlobo uphawu eziphilayo. Released iibhloko amakhulu.

ngokomthetho. Op olusesikweni (abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni) kunye sikweni. Ekuqaleni, imibutho musa sihlale phantsi komthetho. Namhlanje, ookopolotyeni zisebenza phantsi kwemithetho lizwe apho, nâzo imimiselo zamaqumrhu karhulumente.

Indawo kwiqela elinegunya op. Ukwahlula elokuqala, elesibini, tertiary, njalo-njalo. Ahluke ukwakheka isakhiwo. Primary zenza abantu lesibini ukusuka lokuqala, kwaye ngoko unyuko.

By indawo. Olu phawu ephawula umzi, yengingqi, esemaphandleni kunye nezinye iintsebenziswano.

Xa ngexesha zisenzeka. Ukudibanisa ubudala qho yokuqala, zemveli, ngokusekelwe ngokwaneliseka, mihla, eyayimenza yophando.

Ubukhulu msebenzi. , Aphakathi, imibutho Small ezinkulu ahluka ngokweempawu ezahlukeneyo: inani zabelo, ummandla, isikali uqoqosho.

Ngexesha yobukho. amanyeneyo Yenziwe kwi gama ekuvunyelwene okanye elingenammiselo.

ifildi umsebenzi. amanyathelo emveliso ukuvelisa iingenelo ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo. I yangaphambili ziquka iimveliso zezolimo kunye noshishino, neenkonzo zothutho kunye nokuthengiswa kwempahla, ukuthunga nangaphezulu. Ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla yesibini njengezo ezinikezela ngeenkonzo ezifana nokhathalelo lwempilo.

nokwakheka Social kwamalungu. Uyazazi ukuba ume, zemisebenzi kunye nabalimi iintsebenziswano. Eyokuqala ejoliswe ekuphuculeni iimeko abaphila phantsi kwazo amalungu imigudu wesibini nowesithathu idibene abenzi ukuvelisa iimveliso emarikeni, ukwenza mboleko kwaye uthathe iidipozithi. Kwakukho iimanyano nangokodidi basis vsesoslovnye.

Ngokutsho ukuntsonkotha kwemisebenzi. Umbutho kwiinjongo ezifanayo ezijoliswe kulawulo ushishino, imibutho kunye nemingeni uhlanganise umsebenzi ngokuhlangeneyo.

Injongo intsebenziswano

Njengalo naluphi na intshukumo koluntu imiselwe ku ukuphumeza entsebenziswano injongo ethile. Yintoni ebalulekileyo sisiseko injongo efunekayo? umsebenzi lweSebe, ezemfundo, ezoqoqosho, ezomthetho kunye nezemfundo ikhuthaza uluvo wentsebenziswano. Le kwamnceda kwicala loqoqosho wobomi luya kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa efanayo munye abantu, ukuzibophelela ngokudibeneyo kwinkqubela lwentsebenziswano, ukuphucula inkcubeko zomthetho kunye nokukhuthaza amanyathelo yoluntu.

Ukudibanisa iimpawu op

Kunye ne olubonakalisa features ookopolotyeni, iintlobo kunye neempawu luphawulwa, ezineefitsha eqhelekileyo. kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba omabini izibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo yokuxuba. Ezi ziquka:

• nxaxheba ubulungu yabucala;
• ukuqonda iinjongo zoqoqosho;
• kugxininisa sokusebenzisana;
• entry free and uphume;
• amalungu op kwindawo yokuqala abasweleyo;
• kwamazwe unakho ukufaka kwinamba mda yoosozabelo;
• Association kwenzeka ngenxa yolawulo;
• amalungu, zabelo inxaxheba kulawulo lweshishini;
• candelo iziqalelo - abantu.

Iimpawu Common op mihla

Uphuhliso kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye yokusebenzisana kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela yemisebenzi emitsha eqhelekileyo. Ukutshintsha Imiqondiso yemveli ayizange iguquke uqobo.

Eyona iphambili: kuphela entsebenziswano luphawulwa uxhulumaniso imisebenzi yezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ingaba umsebenzi onempumelelo, entsebenziswano (iintlobo zemfundo kunokuba ezahlukeneyo), kwamnceda phezu isikhundla ekuhlaleni kwamalungu ayo.

phawu eyongezelelweyo: kumaphulo kwempahla. Ukwenziwa mhlaba eqhelekileyo kubangelwe zokungena kunye nemirhumo ezongezelelweyo. Imali yokungenela yi ayibuyiswa, oko ichithwa kwendalo wenqwelwana kwaphuma izinto bombutho. share eyongezelelweyo bengangenanga ofunekayo okanye esekwe ngokuhambelana nezibonelelo ezingummiselo. Zombini ezi ntlobo zithathwa ukuba ibe njalo. Le nzuzo iya kubalwa njengomohluko phakathi imivuzo kunye neendleko nentsebenziswano. Lingcwaba lomfo zabelo, leyo wabele intlanganiso jikelele. Iilahleko zithathwa eqhelekileyo.

Into ebalulekileyo eqhelekileyo kubonisiwe kule liability odibeneyo onke amalungu ukuba iziphumo yemisebenzi yoqoqosho. Kwimeko yimali yonxulumano nokungabikho kwemali jikelele ukuhlangabezana namabango amatyala, iimali-zabelo 'ubandakanyekile. Etheni liability zabelo byi isabelo igalelo, okanye isixa-mali a iphindaphindeke yobukhulu balo. ubutyala Unlimited kufuna amalungu lwentsebenziswano ukuphendula kunye mhlaba neziphumo zemisebenzi yalo.

Enye into --siseko wedemokhrasi. Idemokhrasi kubunkokeli lwentsebenziswano kwabonakala into yokuba kuphela intlanganiso jikelele yoosozabelo, abe imisebenzi yebhunga lolawulo olukhulu. nokwahlulwa esiPhakathi iya kunyulwa kwintlanganiso, ingxelo kuye. Ukulingana lamalungu op eyeye-nevoti enye, kungakhathaliseki ukuba paov inani.

Ngoko ke, ukuba azihlanganisele phezulu, yintoni iintsebenziswano. Lo umbutho ngokuzithandela abemi bemanyene imigaqo lokuzimela kwaye yedemokhrasi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo nenkcubeko. Xa intliziyo umsebenzi ngezoqoqosho ubunini joint kule nkampani.

Imbali co-operation eYurophu

Lo umbutho yokuqala ngengqiqo ezaziwa oko ookopolotyeni ukuvela ngenkulungwane ye-yeshumi elinesithoba eNgilani. Amava Nabaluki 1830 akuphumelelanga. Ngowe-1844, iinzame wabo wesibini waphumelela. Amashumi-ezisibhozo nabaluki bakha uluhlu ukwenza evenkileni ukuba enikwe zabelo iimveliso zesondlo ngamaxabiso aphantsi. Ngowe-1949, inani lamalungu liye landa abantu abasithoba. Emva amava ngempumelelo kukho inkampani yeinshorensi, abenzi lwentsebenziswano, uluntu efanayo. Kwi-UK, amanyathelo abathengi ukudibanisa abantu kwezigidi ezisixhenxe amawaka imibutho. Nikeza iimveliso abathengi kunye nempahla, iimpahla zendlu anikele iinkonzo ukwanelisa isidingo seenkonzo zomthetho zonyango. BaseYurophu ukuqonda ukuba loo co-operatives intlalo-ntle yeli lizwe kunye ngamnye abahlali balo. E Sweden, amanyathelo abathengi ukuwuphumeza ngokwabo ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, uphuhliso kwezolimo. EDenmark, isiqingatha sabantu abadala ngo-2000 zidityanisiwe amanyathelo abathengi. Intsebenziswano kwandiswa kumafama. imveliso Ubisi, processing inyama , yaye ngakumbi zezikaYe- op.

SeNtsebenziswano US

Emva kokuba umntwana 1926 uMthetho kwi operatives eUnited States babe unxulumano kangaka kumafama, asebenzisanayo. Yintoni na intsebenziswano, yintoni iingenelo inika, wachaza inkonzo yamafama aneefama iintsebenziswano. Ukuqala kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye iye yaqinisekisa ekusebenzeni kakuhle kweli intshukumo lwentsebenziswano. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isiqingatha namafama kwi co-operatives.

Operatives Russia

Imbali uphuhliso intshukumo sentsebenziswano eRashiya luqala kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. I-mboleko kunye namatyala intsebenziswano lokuqala wadala abazalwana Luginin ukusuka kummandla Kostroma ngo-1865. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, iRashiya iye ithathe indawo eziphambili ehlabathini kwenani amanyeneyo kunye namalungu azo. Events of 1917 baphazamise uphuhliso ngakumbi wentsebenziswano. Imvuselelo yaqala ekupheleni koo. Ngowe-1992 yayamkela ngumthetho "Xa intsebenziswano yabathengi Russia" ngo-1996 - lo mthetho "Xa umsebenzi ookopolotyeni zemveliso kwi-Russian Federation." Ukongeza kule mithetho federal, entsebenziswano zilawulwa yi-Civil Code of the Russian Federation. uluntu ngamnye aze athathe kwintlanganiso jikelele mnqophiso, lobeka ulawulo esisiseko zombutho (igalelo share, amalungu yoxanduva olusemagxeni azo inxaxheba, njalo njalo). Namhlanje, inani operatives eRashiya, inani labathathi-nxaxheba iyaqhubeka ngokukhula.

Namathemba nophuhliso lwentshukumo op

kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye usaqhubeka amasiko zabandakanywa. Siliguqule ingqiqo kunye neentlobo asebenzisanayo, kodwa ubuntu babo kuhlala enye. Kwezi op mihla ngaphezu asixhenxe amawaka ziyakwazi ukuchongeka iintlobo elikhulu elinamanci mabini. Ngeentlobo icebisa ukuba entsebenziswano waphila ngokuvisisana amathemba zazo zokuphucula ngemiqondiso kubalulekile amalungu ezinentsebenziswano kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zentlalo-qoqosho.