Yintoni na igazi, wonke umntu uyazi. Siyabona ke njengoko kokonakalisa eluswini, umzekelo, xa wagawulwa okanye kuhlaba. Siyazi ukuba eshinyene ebomvu. Kodwa yintoni na egazini? It akazi wonke. Ngelo xesha, isakhiwo sayo entsonkothileyo owahlukeneyo. Oku ulwelo nje ebomvu. Umbala sithatha ayikho plasma, kunye amasuntswana efanayo kulo. Makhe sibone, yintoni na igazi lethu.
Yintoni igazi?
yonke umthamo wegazi emzimbeni womntu lungohlulwa lube iinxalenye ezimbini. Kakade ke, eli candelo lunemiqathango. Inxalenye yokuqala - peripheral ukuba, nguye lowo ujikeleze kwi kwemithambo, imithambo kunye emithanjeni, okwesibini - igazi isegazini-ukwakha amalungu kunye namalaphu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kusoloko zityhutyhe ngomzimba, kwaye ngenxa yokuba umsantsa esesikweni. igazi lomntu ubunjwe macandelo mabini - plasma, kwaye amasuntswana kwakheka kulo. Oku iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe neeplatelets. Baya kwahluka enye kwenye nje kuphela isakhiwo, kodwa wenza umsebenzi emzimbeni. Ezinye amasuntswana ngaphezulu omnye kancinane. Ukongeza amacandelo efanayo, izilwa ezahlukeneyo kunye namanye amasuntswana ezifumaneka egazini labantu. Ngokwesiqhelo, igazi ludlolo. Kodwa kwiinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo zohlobo esosulelayo kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubhaqa kwiintsholongwane. Ngoko ke, yintoni usegazini, yaye yintoni olinganise le ncindi? Lo mbuzo kudala wafunda, kwaye inzululwazi yamanani ngqo. Xa abadala plasma loluntu ngokwalo sixa ukususela kuma-50 ukuya kuma-60%, kwaye amacandelo kwakhiwa - ukususela-40 ukuya kwi-50% yonke igazi. Ingaba kubalulekile ukwazi? Kakade ke, ukwazi ipesenti iiseli ezibomvu okanye ezimhlophe iiseli segazi, ungenza ukuhlola impilo yomntu. Umlinganiselo amasuntswana owawubumbela umthamo wegazi iyonke kuthiwa hematocrit. Amaninzi, noko ijolise onke amacandelo, kwaye kuphela iiseli ezibomvu. Esi salathisi uzimisele usebenzisa iglasi ityhubhu izidanga apho igazi obekwe kwaye ke centrifuged. Ngoko amacandelo enzima iye kuhlala ezantsi, kwaye plasma, phezu koko, liphume. Igazi njengoko exfoliates. Emva koko amagcisa Ungabala kuphela inxalenye uthatha into enye okanye omnye icandelo. Xa amayeza, ezi mvavanyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngoku abakwenzayo oluzenzekelayo analyzers Haematology.
plasma yegazi
Plasma - ilulwelo licandelo igazi, apho ebhatalwa iiseli, iiproteni kunye nezinye kusitsha. Ngokutsho kwakhe, baya kuziswa ukuba amalungu kunye namalaphu. Yintoni plasma yegazi? Malunga ne-85% - amanzi. I-15% ezi izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo. Kwakhona, imimoya kwi plasma yegazi. Kakade ke, icarbon dioxide neoksijini. On izinto ezingaphiliyo akhawunti ngenxa 3-4%. Oku anions (PO 4 3-, HCO 3-, SO 4 2) kunye iyatshi- (MG 2+, K +, Na +). Le imveliso zomgquba, (malunga ne-10%), yahlulwe nitrogen-free (cholesterol, iswekile, zincancise, phospholipids) kunye nezinto nitrogen aqulethe (amino acids, iiprotheni, urea). Kwakhona ifumaneka egazini plasma kwezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo: enzyme, iihomoni kunye neevithamini. Bona akhawunti malunga-1%. Ngokwemiqathango histology plasma - le nto ngathi kulwelo intercellular.
erythrocytes
Ngoko ke, yintoni na igazi lomntu? Ngaphandle plasma kulo kwaye ezimile amasuntswana. iiseli ezibomvu, okanye erythrocytes, mhlawumbi eli qela likhulu kula macandelo. egazi abomvu zikarhulumente aqolileyo azikho ezingundoqo. Xa uhlobo ziyafana akwazi biconcave. xesha ubomi babo iintsuku 120, emva kokuba batshabalale. Oku kwenzeka udakada wesibindi. Iiseli ezibomvu egazini ziqulathe protein ebalulekileyo - mpilo. Lidlala indima ephambili kwinkqubo yokuchaza gas. Kwezi amasuntswana, ukuthutha oksijini carbon dioxide. Yeyona yihemoglobin kwenza ebomvu igazi.
zegazi
Yintoni na igazi lomntu, ngaphandle plasma kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi? Ine zegazi. Ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu. Ezi ezincinane iiseli non-nuclear kunye ububanzi of 2-4 micrometer zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu thrombosis kunye homeostasis. IiPlatelets imilo disk-like. Ukuba ajikeleze ngokukhululekileyo egazini. Kodwa feature lwabo lokwahlula kukukwazi zemisebenzi yokwenzakala nemithambo. Oko kukuthi umsebenzi wabo wokuqala. Xa ukulimala kodonga igazi oxhulumene kwezinye, "eqhagamshelweyo" umonakalo ngamnye, kusekwe ihlwili ashinyeneyo kakhulu leyo ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi. Zegazi akhiwa emva ukuqhekezwa ezinkulu ababengaphambi megakaryocytes zabo. Bona afumaneka umongo wethambo. megakaryocyte zizonke wabumba ukusuka kwelinye ukuya 10 tysyach ziiplatelets. Eli linani enkulu kangangoko. Kubude zegazi ubomi iintsuku 9. Kakade ke, ukuba ziphile kwaye ngaphantsi njengoko zibhubha ngexesha ukuvaleka zizibi kufunyenwe a umonakalo igazi. zegazi abadala iba kwi udakada kwaye inkqubo phagocytosis sisibindi nge iiseli Kupffer.
leukocytes
Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe, okanye leukocytes - zingabameli yamajoni omzimba. Le kwisuntswana kuphela nabantu ngenxalenye yelo gazi, leyo ushiyeke egazini kwaye ufake kwizihlunu. Lo msebenzi zifake isandla ekuzalisekeni umsebenzi wayo ophambili - zokuzikhusela arhente zasemzini. Leukocytes etshabalalisa iiproteni ebangela isifo kunye nezinye kusitsha. Bona inxaxheba immune, kanjalo T-iiseli kuzazi iintsholongwane, iiproteni amazwe kunye nezinye izinto. Kwakhona lymphocyte bodwa iiseli B ukuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu kunye macrophage aginyayo iiseli ezinkulu izifo. Kubaluleke kakhulu lokufunyaniswa izifo bayazi igazi. Lenyuka inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ibonisa nokudumba kuphuhliswa.
Owenza izitho
Ngoko ke, ukukhumbula ngoobani kunye nomsebenzi igazi, ukuba wenziwa apho akhiwa amasuntswana yayo engundoqo. Bona babe nobomi ezikhabhathini elifutshane, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba uhlaziye rhoqo kuzo. Ukuvuselelwa period of eziyila igazi ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo ze ukutshatyalaliswa iiseli ezindala kunye, ngenxa yoko, ukuyilwa ezintsha. Senzeka amalungu hematopoietic. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo lomongo wethambo lomntu. Le ibekwe thambo elide kunye isinqe. Yegazi lihluziwe kwi udakada wesibindi. La maqumrhu kwakhona wenziwe ulawulo yayo ngumzimba.