Yintoni eyenza ikofu? Apho benza ikofu? Ukuveliswa coffee nangoko

Ngokungafaniyo tea ukuba eyayivutyelwa izityalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo (imifuno, iintyatyambo okanye amaqunube), ikofu wenza kuphela ukusuka iinkozo Rubiaceae umthi usapho (Rubiaceae). Kodwa nangona narrowness lweentlobo, abalimi kwaziswa iintlobo ezininzi kule okunencasa, ahlaziyayo amanzi kusasa. Imbali ukufunyanwa layo ligutyungelwe kwilivo. Indlela, ayenzileyo ukusuka Ethiopia ukuya amacwecwe gourmets yaseYurophu, inde kwaye izaliswe ziingozi. Makhe sifunde koko eyenza ikofu, yaye yintoni inkqubo ezi iinkozo ebomvu ukuze ijike ibe isiselo esivumba emnyama kunye ene omhle.

Legend of kokusungulwa

Ilivo isixelela oku kulandelayo. A Kaldi, umalusi mTiyopiya waphawula iibhokhwe yakhe emva kokudla amagqabi kunye amaqunube elifuna ukuba yingqombela-mdaka lomthi wekofu, abe ngamandla futhi aqine. Wathetha malunga umphathi woonongendi zesityalo, nto leyo eye wagqiba ukuzama ifuthe iinkozo kwi lendela, atsho zetyisa iziqhamo ebuhlungu phambi vespers. Kamva ke ithe bafunda ukuba zome kwaye akayibhulisi imbewu, upheke phandle kuliseza. Kwakumalunga phakathi kwenkulungwane IX. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa ukufuywa imithi zasendle okuziinkozo ezintle. Kodwa ixesha elide, akukho namnye ngaphandle kwe Ethiopia wayengazi leswi tsakisaka ikofu.

Indaba real

Kangangethuba elide berry ekrwada nje luthi, ukufumana kubo echwayithile. Kwandula Yemen bafunda ukwenza isiselo eyenziwe iimbotyi eziluhlaza womile. "Kishr" okanye "geshir" ekwabizwa ngokuba 'ikofu white ". eveliswe yi xi wawo wokudla okuziinkozo. Kwabakho indlela eqhelekileyo wokuxuba amaqunube ukusilwa kukutyeba zezilwanyana. Intlama kongezelelwa ubisi encinane, Eyisongile neebhola wathabatha indlela ekukhuliseni ithoni lobomi. Hi ndlela leyi, oluhlaza (ekrwada) coffee aqhumisele ngokugqibeleleyo kukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo. Kwaye ngoku, lisetyenziswa kunye ongeziweyo ezahlukahlukeneyo sesondlo umzimba. Ukuba eyenza ikofu eluhlaza - ingqolowa ekrwada - ke waqala uqhotse. Emva kokuphumelela impatho ubushushu, berry bakhululwa ivumba nokuphangalala isoya, cuba entle. powder enjalo Arab ungacimi ngamanzi wazisa ithumba. Yitya usele ngaphandle iswekile, ngokudibanisa ezahlukeneyo iziqholo (ijinja, cardamom, nesinamon). Kodwa ngaphambi kwenkulungwane XII Arabhu ukugcina ububange ekuvelisweni ikofu.

kumngcelele woloyiso ehlabathini

Yemicimbi yemihla Turkish eyaziwa xa ivenkile okukhethekile lokuqala yavulwa othululwayo. Istanbul "Kiva Han" iye yavula iingcango zalo kubathengi ngo-1475. Kubalulekile kwakhona ikomkhulu Ottoman bobabo ingcamango izindlu zekofu yoluntu: eyokuqala yavulwa ngo-1564. EYurophu, nomnikelo bazisa abarhwebi Italian, uzithenge kumazibuko Turkish. Kodwa nomnikelo idumile ingakumbi kuba wasebenzisa ukukopisha Arabhu, ngaphandle iswekile. Ukuba bonke kwatshintsha 1683 kunye nasekuxinweni elandelayo Vienna ngu baseTurkey. Ukrainian Kazak Yury-Franz Kulchytsky wachitha amajoni eManyeneyo ukuya wayingqinga waza wanceda ndihlise baseTurkey ukubaleka. Le mbasa walibona ummi Cossacks Wawongwa eVienna waza wamnika utshaba lasekhohlo Georgia - iingxowa 300 ezinokutya bubomvu-mdaka. KULCHYTSKY akuzange ukwazi ukuba yintoni eyenza ikofu, kwafuneka ukuba ngandlel 'ithile kwenza i Viennese ulikhoboka kule isiselo. Ngoko ke, i Cossack ngokukhawuleza-uyiZisa nayo ingqalelo le Umsunguli kweentegiso. Yena thelekelwayo ukongeza iswekile kunye nomnikelo nobisi. umcimbi wakhe wokuqala zokukhuthaza neyayanyaniswa bagel, ukuba zonke ngokuthanda wabona kufanelekile ukuba badle (kunye nekomityi yekofu, kunjalo) ukukhumbula uloyiso phezu baseTurkey. Kulchytsky wavula indlu yakhe ikofu eVienna ngo 1684. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva iziko elifanayo sele wayeyifumana Paris - umnini Le venkile Procope waba Pascal ngokwakhe. EFrance - trendsetter eyaziwayo - abasoze nje coffee ekuphumeleleni kwihlabathi-ngokubanzi.

Nokwandisa iindidi zemithi

Nangona boom Europe-ngokubanzi, imveliso coffee ihlabathi bekuqwalaselwe North Afrika. Kodwa bahambi umhlaba Islamic waya eMecca hayi kuphela Hajj. Xa XVII omnye onjalo umhambi mthethweni nomthi osandul 'ukutyalwa imithi yekofu India. Malunga nelo xesha, abarhwebi Dutch bazisa isityalo kwi kwisiqithi Java ne iSumatra. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII isiFrentshi bazama ukunyanzelisa kumasimi coffee kwisiqithi Bourbon (namhlanje Réunion). Ngoko ke phantsi nje lodwa-Arabhu. Kwenzeka ukuba kummandla ukukhula imithi zatshintsha incasa ikofu. Kwakukho iintlobo "Bourbon arabica" (enegama elifanayo siqithi), Blue Mountain (ukusuka masimu entabeni e Jamaica), kunye nabanye.

Yintoni eyenza coffee

Rubiaceae Rubiaceae umthi usapho ineendidi ngaphezu asithoba. Kodwa ezimbini kuphela asetyenziswe kolu shishino. Kuyinto Coffea arabica kunye Coffea canephora. Uhlobo lwesibini lidla ngokuba robusta okanye isiselo aseCongo. imveliso coffee World isekelwe arabica. Kule uhlobo akhawunti malunga 69% yabo ngumthamo opheleleyo kwimveliso. Arabica ezimnandi kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi: ivumba, incasa, amagwebu phezulu. iinkozo side sibe umgca egosogoso xa elimile ileta S. Ke Robusta iqulathe caffeine ngakumbi, yaye bracing yiyo ngcono. Sikhula, ngokungafaniyo arabica kwintaba ephakame yeemitha 600, ukuba nabalulamileyo kwaye iyamelana izitshabalalisi. Bystrorastushy olu hlobo oluhlasela i-29% yemveliso coffee yehlabathi. Eziseleyo ezimbini pesenti nganye ibiza kakhulu ukuba imveliso abaninzi. Ngoko ke, lo uhlobo "Kopi Luwak" kufuneka kudlule sokugaya iphecana layo irhamncwa yesundu civet. Malunga inkqubo efanayo nobuchwepheshe «Monkey Coffee» ingqolowa esiXhoseni.

Apho benza ikofu?

Kulo mba, omnye zabo babefanele bahlule phakathi kwamazwe ukuba akhule kwaye imithi lokuvuna, urhulumente apho iinkozo ezi inkqubo entsonkothileyo uzobe olwenziwe ngocoselelo kaJohn yaye isila ukuba nokupakishwa. Ngapha koko, incasa kunye nevumba le isiselo luxhomekeke kakhulu njani na ingqolowa uzilungiselele: indibanisela yamaqabane mixed kangangoko, woziswa iqondo ezinqwenelekayo calcination, ziye wadala zonke iimeko ukulondolozwa iphezulu incasa. Iinkozo ezilinywa kumazwe angaphezulu kwama-60 kulo lonke imozulu ethandwa yimvula. Inkokeli ibonakaliswa phaya kwimveliso coffee - Brazil. Okubangela ukuba malunga nama-40% yemveliso iyonke. Kumazwe okuziinkozo-uku rhweba nyulu kuphela oonokrwece yendalo kwaye zonekwe. Bona uthuthwa oluhlaza - a - netshizi.

Usondele umthengi

Kule nkulungwane engento izazinzulu ezininzi abasebenza ngayo ukwenza imveliso ngokukhawuleza kwaye kube lula ukulungisa. It babambe ongezantsi abantu abaninzi coffee: ngokuba ngenxa yabo, kanye inkqubo yokulungiselela isiselo - imikhosi yenkolo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba ungxamile ukusebenza, kubalulekile ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze ufumane isiphumo. Ngapha koko, njani ikofu nangoko? uthulule nje ngumgubo ngamanzi abilayo. Ngubani balithanda kamnandi, Wayiphalazela xa ikomityi yeswekile phambi kokuba ugalele amanzi. Kwaye ngoko ungenza ndinithululele isithambiso encinane okanye ubisi. ikofu Instant wakhululwa emva ngo-1899. Luqulunqwe yi Max Morgentaller, ekhemesti evela eSwitzerland. Ukususela ngoko, kwathatha ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, yaye ebudeni belo xesha imveliso coffee ozenzekelayo Kwakumi ngxi. Izazinzulu ziye wasebenza nzima ukuqinisekisa uqikelelo ubuninzi incasa yotywala eveliswa ukusuka umgubo imichiza ukuba agaye bemvelo evela iinkozo ukusilwa.

ukuvimba caffeic

Izazinzulu ziye zachongwa into onoxanduva wabafaka yaye "ukuvuseleleka" isiphumo sale isiselo emangalisayo. Olu uthotho sezakhi purine, leyo, ngasendleleni, ukuba Ulidle ethululwayo kaninzi, umzimba ukuvelisa ukuxhomekeka. Caffeine, theophylline kunye theobromine ingabangela efuna uyaxhuma wegazi. Ngoko ke, isifundo olwenziwa zizazinzulu kwicala yokunciphisa lwempembelelo embi othululwayo emzimbeni. Ngokwenza njalo, bancedisana ityala. Enye inqanawa ithwele ikofu eYurophu, abanjiswe sisaqhwithi. Ngenxa yoko, imingxuma amancinane amanzi olwandle wangena enqabeni yaye damped kakuhle umthwalo. Umnini akazange afune ukuyeka kanye loo wathabatha ingcali ikofu, usomachiza waseJamani Ludwig Rozemusu. Wabancina okuziinkozo wamangaliswa kukufumanisa ukuba ethululwayo khange ayaba nasongo kunye neempawu enuka kamnandi, kodwa ... walahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo sezakhi okungafunwayo .. Ngoku mhlawumbi bana phandle indlela yokwenza coffee decaffeinated. Emva Rozemus wafumana lomenzi eUnited States, iinkozo ezinjalo "ingozi" baziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Coffee eRussia

E Ukraine, ngenxa kuloyiso Turkish yekofu Kudala kwaziwa. Kodwa Russia waqala ndzulu kuphela ebukumkanini Alexei Mikhailovich. Noko ke, emva koko lalisetyenziswa oko kuphela nje amayeza bakrakra migraine kunye nezinye izifo. Peter I semvelo indlela voluntarist ukuzama ukuphumeza i 'isiselo kofiya "enkundleni. Njengoko ababhali-mbali bathi kukumkani "isondezwe kufutshane eYurophu," izinduna zakhe ukuba ngenkani wayicheba iindevu zasela zabo "okulahlwayo ekrakra." Ngowe-1703, indlu ikofu yokuqala yavulwa eSt Petersburg. Kodwa fashion ibe yeyomnikelo - ubuncinane kwi kwizangqa iphezulu - iye yaziswa uKumkanikazi eBhayi. Kuye nje kuphela liphele kofy kukuninzi, kodwa kumenza ogutyula izithambiso.

imveliso Coffee eRashiya waseka ngumbono omhle kakhulu. Umzekelo, yaseTver Paulig mveliso enamandla ukususela ngo-2011. Kukho ngokupheleleyo kumjikelo lokuvelisa of ingqolowa eMzantsi and Central Melika ne India. Okokuqala, ukukhethwa izinto ekrwada abapase lwe alpha. Ke amaqunube eziluhlaza ukuba agcadwe ngamaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo, zithunyelwa indlela lokusila, kwaye cleaner igcwele.

prozharka

Kaloku, ekugqibeleni, makhe sijonge indlela apheke isiselo emnandi. Yiyiphi ikofu kungcono ukukhetha? Oku kuxhomekeke apho uya khona ukulungiselela isiselo - kwi Cezve emveli, igiza okanye umatshini lokucoca, espresso okanye French-ndaba. Ngendlela elizimeleyo kunye kaJohn, nasekugayeni. Kukho degrees ezine unyango ubushushu beenkozo. KaJohn yaseScandinavia - ziyafa. Iinkozo ezi zana. Meleleyo - Viennese, isiFrentshi kunye Italian. kaJohn yaseScandinavia isetyenziselwa nokuqulunqwa zesiselo French-Press (iselwa ezizodwa apho kwesisefo esahlula ububanzi). Dark, phantse abamnyama "Italian" okuziinkozo eveliswa emishini espresso.

yokugaya

Ngaphezu kwe iinkozo ezincinci, kokukhona banikela incasa yawo. Ukuba upheka coffee Cezve (eyaziwa ngokuba le izitya - Turk), kufuneka nibusile iinkozo lincinane kakhulu, eluthulini. A iinkozo indawo ityumza efanelekileyo French-cofa okanye abenzi ikofu lokucoca-hlobo. Kungcono kuthenga ingqolowa egcadiweyo. Emva koko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba Gcina umgubo ukusilwa, nangoku emva kwexesha ithe ayaba nasongo elimangalisayo. Ukupheka isiselo esimnandi, ivumba eziya ukuphululwa yempumlo, nendlu yakho nje kuphela, kodwa abamelwane, iinkozo intlaka ngoko nangoko ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise.

Nokuba kukho ikofu olungileyo wangoko?

Konke oku kungentla kuza engqoloweni yendalo. Nendlela ngumgubo elula ngolo hlobo? Ngaba uphendule iimfuno eziphakamileyo incasa kunye nevumba? Kangangexesha elide isiselo iingcali ikwayara ngokuphindaphindiweyo categorical "Hayi!" Kodwa ke ngoku, imveliso coffee nangoko wenza inkqubela. Isibakala sokuba umgubo Kwafunyanwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala - lobushushu eliphezulu, ekwabizwa ngokuba indlela spray-yokomisa. Olungiswe nibusile ingqolowa iphathwa ngamanzi abilayo iiyure ezine phantsi koxinzelelo malunga neshumi elinesihlanu umoya. Emva koko, le nto lihluzwe nekofu eziphilayo obsushivayut umoya oshushu. I ukufumana izityhilelo othululwayo ersatz odumileyo. Indlela entsha "sublimation" kukuba coffee ogqityiweyo zomgquba emkhenkceni, umkhenkce Utyunyuziwe. Emva koko baluwela kwitonela ezinikeleyo apho ikhephu ngumphunga e vacuo, ngokudlulisela urhulumente engamanzi. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukuba sigcine lonke ukungcamla coffee zendalo.