Yintoni Alchemy - a nenzululwazi okanye umlingo? bamachiza Famous

Uluntu usoloko enomdla kwinto limangalisa, twisisaka, engaziwayo. Loo inzululwazi, njengoko kwavela alchemy ixesha elide kakhulu, kodwa nomdla kuwo ayilahleki unanamhla. Kwathi ngelo xesha lakalokunje, abantu abaninzi bezibuza ukuba yintoni na le alchemy. Kodwa nantsi eyona nyaniso.

Ingcamango kunye uyilo alchemy

Umbutho yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni umntu avareji, xa esiva igama elithi "alchemy" - umlingo. Kodwa enyanisweni ukuba i nenzululwazi ubugqi ebonisa indlela yokufikelela undoqo zonke izinto ezikhoyo. Abantu abaninzi bakugqala mbumbulu, elijolise indlela yokufumana phandle metal eziqhelekileyo-ebizwa ngokuba igolide alchemical, kwaye ngale ndlela ukutyebisa ngokwabo. Iingcali ezininzi abenzi bamachiza ngokwenene sizibekele usukelo zophuculo, kodwa intsingiselo yokuqala alchemy yaba ukuqonda kakuhle komntu kunye nehlabathi. Ezi abenzi bamachiza ngenxa vangama bulumko bedumisa umanyano ehlabathini bathi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo cosmic yendalo.

Eminye imibutho yabantu kunye elithi "alchemy" - maphilisi. Kwaye nabani na ingqondo kule ngokwenene. In Alchemy ezenziwa alpha izithako ezahlukeneyo. Ndandisithi iphambili yale inzululwazi kukuba yonke into ikhona ezinambuzelayo kwaye uzinikele ekuphuhliseni ukusetyenziswa.

Imbali isenzeko yegama elithi 'alchemy "

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, yintoni na alchemy, kufuneka wazi ngembali imvelaphi kwale nzululwazi. Kukholelwa ukuba okokuqala inzululwazi yavela kwihlabathi lamandulo: Greece, eRoma eYiputa, uze ke wayitwabulula ukuya eMpuma. Akwenzeki ukuba bathi gama libhekisela, kuba uye iingcambu ezininzi. Inguqulelo yokuqala icebisa ukuba alchemy livela kwigama Chymeia, elithetha "atyhale", "kugalela". Eli gama libhekisela kwisenzo koogqirha ezininzi zamandulo zonyango. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, lo gama livela kwigama Khem, leyo sesona umhlaba ilizwe black (Egypt). imithombo yamandulo yesiGrike lubonisa imvelaphi yamagama "kwi Human" yaye "hemevsis" - eyahlulayo, ukuxuba kwemali.

Imvelaphi kunye neenjongo alchemy

Alchemy inemisebenzi ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Fumana indlela ukufumana igolide ukusuka kwisiseko ngesinyithi, ukuba azityebise size sifumane amandla.
2. Azuze ukungafi.
3. Fumana ulonwabo.

Isiseko alchemy kukuba ukusebenzisa izinto ezine ezisisiseko. Ngokwalo mbono, uPlato yaphuhliswa noAristotle yonke Demiurgos wadala apho izinto lokuqala ngokusesikweni element 4 izinto zidalwe: amanzi, umhlaba, umlilo, umoya. Bamachiza zongezwe ezi izinto ezintathu ezingakumbi: mercury, isulfure netyuwa. Mercury - esobukhomokazi, nesalfure - netyuwa eyindoda - intshukumo. Ngenxa kumxube zonke ezi zinto ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuyaphunyezwa transmutation. Ngenxa transmutation kufuneka ukufumana Philosopher kaThixo Stone, ekwabizwa ngokuba lichiza ukungafi. Amaninzi le lichiza yeyona njongo iphambili abenzi bamachiza ezininzi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba lichiza awayesibawela, a esegumbini yokwenene kufuneka ukuqonda ubunjani zawo zokomoya. Kungenjalo ayisebenzi ukufumana ilitye sobulumko athandwayo kaThixo.

kwemvelo kunye nezigaba zesinyithi Alchemical zibe igolide

bamachiza edumileyo ngokusekelwe iminyaka emininzi iingxoxo kunye nezifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukususela kwasekuqaleni zonke iintsimbi zazintle, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha abanye babo baba abamnyama, ifiphale, ekhokelela ezingabekekileyo zabo.

Kukho izigaba ezininzi ezingundoqo inguqu babangenagama isinyithi zibe elinqabileyo;

1. Calcinatio - kwesi sigaba sibandakanya kukulahlwa kwawo zonke izinto zehlabathi, kuzo zonke izinto zakho;
2. Putrefactio - eli nyathelo liquka ukungena eluthulini ophelayo;
3. Solutio - Lubonisa izinto yokuhlanjululwa;
4. Distillatio - ingqalelo zonke zokucoca izinto eziphathekayo;
5. Coincidentia oppositorum - nesenzeko compound ephikisayo;
6. Sublimation - kubonisa intuthumbo emva kokukhatywa zezwe ngenxa ngokomoya;
7. ukuqaqadeka yentanda - Dibanisa siseko yesandi kunye ingqalelo.

Evolution of alchemy kukuba zonke kucanda ngokwalo, kwanokuba oko kuzisa umonakalo omkhulu, kwaye ke kufuneka zibuyiselwe ngoncedo loo mandla lokudumba kwenyathelo elidlulileyo.

bamachiza ezinkulu

Bonke abenzi bamachiza bazama ukuphendula lo mbuzo, yintoni na alchemy. Le inzululwazi idlale indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu. zefilosofi abaninzi baye bacinga ukuba alchemy unezinto ezininzi yokwenza bengqondo. Le inzululwazi kunceda umntu ukuvula njengomntu kwaye aphumeze iinjongo zabo zokomoya. Abantu abaninzi benza alchemy ukususela ekuqaleni ekuqaleni kwayo. Kodwa indima kweqhosha edlalwa kweyezazi zamaXesha Aphakathi.

Enye kweyezazi abadumileyo ngokufanelekileyo ingqalelo Nicolas Flamel (wahlala 1330-1418). Nikola wazalwa kwintsapho kakubi kakhulu, xa elivisayo waya eParis ukuba abe kunobhala wenkundla. Watshata ukuba ibhinqa elikhulileyo Ingqukuva encinane kunye iivenkile ezimbalwa wavula. Flamel wagqiba ukuqala ukuthengisa iincwadi. umsebenzi wakhe alchemical wambulela ngephupha apho ingelosi wabonisa incwadi Flamel, equlethe zonke iimfihlelo. Wafumana le ncwadi waza waqalisa ukufunda oko ngenyameko. Ayaziwa indlela akwazi ukuqonda yonke inyaniso, kodwa kwiminyaka nje emithathu kamva esegumbini wakwazi ukufumana Stone, usiyazi lowo, uze uhlawule mercury eziqhelekileyo zesilivere, yaye emva kwethutyana, kunye negolide. Ukususela ku-1382, Nicolas Flamel waba zizityebi, Wathenga lizwe ekhaya. I benza umsebenzi yesisa yavele imali. Amarhe butyebi bakhe yanendumasi engaka waya kukumkani, kodwa ngoncedo ukunyotywa Flamel kusithela indyebo kukumkani. Ngowe-1418, esegumbini wafa. Kodwa kuthiwa ukongeza igolide nesilivere Nikola wayiqonda iimfihlelo ubomi bokungafi. Yena kokuzenzisa kokufa kwakhe, yaye yena nomfazi wakhe bahamba uhambo.

Esegumbini Paracelsus: Isishwankathelo

Enye esegumbini odumileyo ngokulinganayo Paracelsus waba (wahlala 1493-1541). Le ndoda ugqirha odumileyo, yaye abaninzi abaphika indima yayo alchemy. Pratsels izama ukufumana ilitye-sobulumko, kodwa akazange akholelwe ukuba uya kuba nako ukuvula metal ibe ngegolide. Esegumbini yena efunekayo ukuze aqonde imfihlelo ukungafi nokudala amayeza. Pratsels babekholelwa ukuba nawuphi na umntu enze into ayikho phantsi kwamandla endalo, udinga ixesha kuphela kunye nomgudu. Medicine ufumbethe Pratselsu. Yiyo lo gqirha bazitshitshisela ingcamango yokuba nabanesathuthwane luyixhalabele noomoya abakhohlakeleyo. ISAZINZULU wathi wakwazi ukudala ngasetyeni Philosopher, kwaye ongafiyo, kodwa wafa emva ukuwa ukusuka kubude, xa wayeneminyaka engama-48 ubudala.

Denis Zasher: Isishwankathelo

Denis Zasher (wahlala 1510-1556). Ndzi velekiwe kwintsapho ngokwanelisayo esisityebi. Xa elivisayo, waya kwiDyunivesithi Bordeaux ukufunda bulumko. umcebisi wakhe wajika esegumbini ngubani na lo mfo uselula kule isayensi apha. Kunye umcebisi ukuba ihlole kwaye iphonononge zonke iiresiphi ezintsha entsha alchemy. Kodwa kwakhona ayiphumelelanga ngexesha. Imali evela Zashera ngokukhawuleza wabaleka, ngoko ke wagoduka waza wayibeka impahla yakhe. Kodwa amava alusebenzi, kwaye imali nje owawunqumla Walatha ngophakathi wakhe. Denis wagqiba ukuya eParis, apho wachitha iminyaka eliqela wedwa, ngokufunda ifilosofi alchemy zokupheka. Ngowe-1550, yena wakwazi ukwenza mercury metal elixabisekileyo - igolide. Denis wamnika onke amatyala, waya eJamani, apho wayefuna ukuba uphile ubomi obude ayathandeka ubomi. Kodwa isalamane wambulala ngoxa wayelele, washiya umfazi wakhe.

Seefeld: Isishwankathelo

Kangangexesha elide ngale esegumbini lingamazanga inkcazelo encinane kakhulu. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, okona akuthandayo Seefeld kwaye baqhuba ucwaningo alchemy. Kakade ke, yena wayesebenza kancinane, bevela macala onke wawagalela bahlekise ngaye. wemka ke yena wabuyela Austria iminyaka elishumi kuphela ubudala, yaye wayehlala kwenye idolophu encinane kwintsapho enye, eyamkele kuyo. Xa ukwazisa Yayibonisa umkhosi njengoko bafunda ukuze ufumane igolide iintsimbi oluqhelekileyo. Kungekudala yonke idolophu wayesazi esegumbini yokwenene Seefeld. Ngamava akhe ndafunda uMlawuli waze wagwetywa ukuba ubomi entolongweni ngenxa yorhwaphilizo. Seefeld kodwa kungekudala Ndibaxolele kodwa ngomqathango wokuba uya kuqhubeka imifuniselo bakhe ngenxa umlawuli. Kodwa emva kwethuba Seefeld ubalekile kweli lizwe, yaye akukho bani owaziyo ngakumbi Isiphelo sakhe. Yena ngokoqobo shwaka nomoya.

Ngenxa ulwazi ngentla, nto icaca kakhulu ukuba alchemy enjalo, yintoni na ubume bayo, bungakanani na ukuba.