YeVangeli Umfazi kaYesu bakhiwa

Harvard Professor Karen L. King ngundaba-mlonyeni amanqaku amaphephandaba ehlabathini lonke ngo-2012, xa wathi ubukho yeengcongolo incinane, njengoko uYesu wayetshatile. Mshini ngathi lakrazuka page ukusuka inoveli "I Da Vinci Code" Dena Brauna. Kodwa ngoku Professor uyavuma ukuba yena cishe RAS. Uphando olutsha kwi imvelaphi yeengcongolo kwayenza utshintsha ngokupheleleyo iingqondo zabo kwaye ndiyayamkela into yokuba kunokwenzeka manga.

Ingxelo ivuso kwi-International Congress of Coptic Studies

NgoSeptemba 2012, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard Karen L. uKumkani, ofundisa imbali kwexesha lamaKristu okuqala, kothusa abaphulaphuli wezifundo kwi-International Congress of Coptic Studies, echaza iinkcukacha isiqwengana yeengcongolo baseYiputa, aqulathe ubungqina yokuqala eyaziwayo ukuba uYesu wayetshatile. Xa yesine wezintlu ezisibhozo aziphelelanga, leyo ikwesi kwimipapiri, baba amazwi, "UYesu wathi kubo:" Umfazi wam, "" kwaye kumgca olandelayo: ". Angaba ngumfundi wam" King wagxininisa ukuba "iVangeli umfazi kaYesu '" ingenakuthatyathwa njengobungqina bokuba uYesu zembali wakha etshatile, ekubeni akukho ubungqina bokuxhasa oku. Noko ke, yena uqinisekile ukuba bhokisi siyinyaniso, ekubeni uhlalutyo ziingcali ezimbini endle walatha into yokuba eli-ngqangi yamandulo.

indlela karhulumente

Le ngxelo ngoko nangoko yabangela impikiswano, kuba eneneni etshintsha ubuKristu nabo bonke ulwazi lwethu ngaloo nto. I Vatican wabiza womgunyathi-ngqangi mihla. Ezinye nabo kumkani, ingaba sokunyaniseka bhokisi, wachaza ukuba iimpazamo zegrama kwi yeengcongolo, leyo eyayingekhe iphinde iphunyelelwe zingavunyelwa yenethiwekhi Coptic lwesigodi. Bekucingelwa ukuba yeengcongolo kufuneka ukhutshelwe enye itekisi yamandulo - yeVangeli Thomas. Noko ke, ngo-2014 kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard yapapasha iziphumo zohlalutyo Radiocarbon kunye nezinye iimvavanyo zenzululwazi fumene akukho ubungqina kungamampunge. I-ngqangi iye ezabhalwa AD ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe okanye yesibhozo, kwaye ukwakhiwa inki bamba eli xesha.

nqaku lihlab '

A inqaku elitsha libhaliwe yi intatheli Ariel Sabar, esavela umba entsha Atlantic Magazine, ekuthiwa papyrus fake. Nangona uKumkani uye waqinisekisa ukuba yena wabona incwadi yentengo ngo-1999 zomnini bhokisi, owayenqwenela ukuhlala ungaziwa, ingakhange kuninzi ukulandelela ngakumbi imvelaphi yayo. Sabar, Noko ke, yaqhuba uphando olunzulu kumnini kwaye wafumanisa igama lakhe. Bafumana Valter Frits, ohlala eFlorida.

Ngubani umnini-bhokisi?

Ngokutsho Fritz, wathenga le bhokisi ngoNovemba 1999, kunye nezinye ngqangi kunye neqabane lakhe ishishini Hans-Ulrich Laukampa, owafa ngowe-2002. Noko ke, izalamane kunye nabahlobo Laukampa wathi akazange waba nomdla zakudala, yaye wayengekho eJamani ngexesha apho, ngokutsho uFritz, kwakukho intengiso papyrus. La maxwebhu bobunini bhokisi kusenokwenzeka ukuba nayo baqamba.

Fritz wavuma ukuba nguye umnini-ngqangi, kodwa ngokucacile wakhanyela zokulawula iiseyile yakhe. Lowo qinisekisa ukuba uNebhukadenetsare okanye nawuphi na umntu wesithathu soze ngokugqwetha; ayahlukanga kwaye angawagcinanga naluphi na uhanahaniso zakudala kunye nemibhalo kuso ulithengile. Noko ke, Fritz, ngubani wafunda Egyptology kunye nolwimi Coptic kwi 1980 - 1990 eBerlin, waza wabaleka yinkampani ebonelela ngeenkonzo kubaqokeleli, unolwazi kwaye nokukwazi ukwenza zazo ezinjalo.

amathuba ukuguqula

Nangona uvavanyo lwezenzululwazi egqitywe ukuba ngqangi ke imvelaphi bamandulo, oko akuthethi akuthethi ukuba angawi ezandleni umkhandi mihla. Eli nqaku ithi umntu iqhekeza ngqangi yamandulo (mhlawumbi eBay, apho kwakudala ngokuqhelekileyo kuthengiswa kwifandesi), mix inki ngokuvumelana iiresiphi ezelwe tolerably khuphela isimbo Coptic, ingakumbi xa le ndoda lwesayensi uqeqesho.

Iziphelo uprofesa Harvard

Emva kokufunda amanqaku yaye efunda imiqondiso ecacileyo awokuvelisa uKumkani uyekelwe, esithi isiqwenga - liyingcwele kusenokwenzeka njengentsomi. Uyavuma ukuba akazange ukuba zihlolwe, apho Fritz wayifumana bhokisi, yaye akazange azame ukuqinisekisa ukuchana amaxwebhu ukuba malunga nemvelaphi gwenxa yeengcongolo. Wathi ukumkani ukuba kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo, ngakumbi ukuba ngqangi ayesenako Tyhila ukuba iyinyaniso, nangona into yokuba ibali imvelaphi yayo akucaci ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona ezi yezityhilelo eziyincamisa, ukumkani okanye abameli Harvard akayi ukushicilela esokuqala. Abahleli kwaphawulwa kwingxelo ukuba siphephe ukwenza izibophelelo kumba sokunyaniseka Isiqwenga sombhalo-ngqangi. Abahleli bathi, ekubeni eli phephancwadi zange ukuma kwayo ngalo mba, ngoku kakhulu akuyomfuneko ukwenza ingxelo.

Noko ke, ukumkani wathi akayi ukulahla umsebenzi wabo. Ngokomsebenzi wakhe zophando usoloko uvuma ithuba womgunyathi. "Bendisoloko waqonda njenge intetho inzululwazi, - Uthi. - wena ukuveza izimvo zakho, uze emva koko abantu benze iingcamango ezintsha kunye nobungqina. Kodwa kunjalo waqhubeka ukusebenza. " Kodwa ukumkani wathi yena wayeqonda enye into. She akasoze uyavuma ukuba ukusebenza kunye zakudala kubanini angaziwa.