Yemixoxozi Sweet, melon pere, okanye pepino Yintoni: isiqhamo okanye yemifuno?

Kwiimarike zamazwe South American amaninzi pepino - iziqhamo uyiqhelile ngemihla, malunga nendlela siye iitapile. Kodwa kumazwe aseYurophu kwaye Asia, oko nje ziyaqala ukuthandwa, kwaye ngaphezulu ibe gourmet isipho ezingaqhelekanga okanye isithako okunencasa kwi izitya ze restaurateurs dumeke. Kwiivenkile zethu le siqhamo kunqabile ukuhlangabezana, kodwa begadi abathanda iye yenyuka windowsills Pepino zokuhlala mzi, xa zokugcina, nkqu ezindle!

incazelo lesayensi

Pepino - iziqhamo ze usapho Solanaceae, equka iitumato, seqanda kunye pepper. E Umzantsi Melika (kwikhaya labo) yi ityholwana ongatshiyo esikhangeleka ngamandla embhoxo itumata zasendle kunye eluhlaza emnyama, amagqabi dissected ngamandla. Esi sityalo ngononophelo okulungileyo ukufikelela 1.5 m ubude. Inkqubo ingcambu kwentonga pepino kwaye ke kunobuzaza kakhulu yokunqongophala zomhlaba air-kwizinyibilikisi.

Ngethuba lokudubula kweentyatyambo le yokudubula yenziwe - ibhrashi a lot of ntyatyambo efana amazambane. Plant pepino Akumangalisi ukuba nkqu ityholo enye ukuze kuyilwa semilo iziqhamo ezahlukeneyo kunye nombala - ukusuka etsobhileyo ukuya phantse setyhula. Isiqhamo esi sityalo - ubunzima berry-50 ukuya kuma-700 g kwiziko yayo yi moya encinane ezele imbewu ezincinane. Malunga ehlangeni umphezulu tus kancinane. Umbala ne pepino ithelekiswe nawuphi na iziqhamo, iboniswe ngezantsi iyakungqina oku. Umbala ineziqhamo zasehlotyeni inokuba, ngokuxhomekeke uhlobo, kwaye ukukhanya emthubi, kunye yelamuni kunye cream, kunye nobuninzi imivumbo longitudinal nemfusa eqaqambileyo kunye speckles. Nje kwenzeka kwakhona ngokuba melon eliphakathi njengoko zimnandi imthubi ezimuncu-limnandi kakhulu linjengevumba pere kunye melon, okunomnyinyivane kancane neziqhamo. Namhlanje, abalimi yabola iintlobo ezintsha pepino, isithelo sibe iphunga wemango.

A incinane

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX ngexesha ngabembi zakudala kummandla wesixeko Nazca izazinzulu Peruvian wafumanisa izitya zomdongwe isiko ukufuywa ekuqaleni BC I kwiwaka. e., kubonakala efana kakhulu iziqhamo pepino. Iziqhamo ekubonakala ukuba akazange kuphela ayaziwa, kodwa zilinywa yeAfrica amandulo.

EYurophu, melon emibhaka bazisa 1785 Andre Tuan, bomyezo yemiyezo Royal e Paris. nomhloli British Uilyam Ayton ngo ka1789 Pepino wachaza wanika igama elithile Solanum muricatum Ait. Kwikhulu leminyaka enamashumi Pepino waba eRashiya yaye ngo-1890 siboniswe i-St Petersburg-Russia mboniso kwezolimo. Batyelela mboniso loMlawuli Russian Alexander III wakwazisa inkcubeko engaqhelekanga, yaye wayalela ukuba kokupapashwa ummiselo - esasaza imbewu pepino for zokugcina. Ngoko ke, mntundini, isityalo ongaqhelekanga ukukhuliswa ngempumelelo ukuya ku-Oktobha Revolution ngo-1917. Emva koko, phantse ibe melon eliphakathi ngenkulungwane phantse yaphela, njengoko wahlakulela kuphela zokugcina ezimbalwa umbukiso lweengqokelela zezityalo.

Kwaye okunencasa, kwaye iluncedo

Ukubunjwa pepino nobuninzi kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo, izinto umkhondo, izinto pectic, asidi organic kunye nefayibha. Ngenxa isiqulatho potassium iziqhamo yeyona umbala ogqwesileyo izifo ezichaphazela nemithambo yegazi. Ukubakho kwi melon kwe imali eyaneleyo ayodini ngokulula ukutya yenza ukusetyenziswa izifo ndlala. Le pepino ido- iye iasidi ephantsi eziphakamileyo kwimicu ifayibha - kubalulekile ukuba abantu abaneengxaki ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Ixolo le iziqhamo iqulethe anthocyanins, kufuneka anti-ukudumba, elwa kunye anticancer iimpawu.

ukusebenzisa culinary

pepino zivuthiwe - a iziqhamo kunokuba ezinkulu, apho ubona i ifoto ngezantsi. ngokubanzi zisetyenziswa xa kuphekwa. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuba iziqhamo overripe kuphulukana incasa yawo, kodwa intsha, nokuba ulusu yayinjalo zamafu kunokugcinwa malunga ngenyanga efrijini. pepino ubuntwana, igcinwe kude elide, kodwa ke loo nto nje incasa kubo mbi.

Kumazwe South American, kwakunye eJapan, emibhaka melon ngokuqhelekileyo kukhiwa njenge dessert. Ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise nale siqhamo ukususa ngenyameko Chuba uze ususe engundoqo imbewu yeziqhamo.

E-New Zealand, lo Pepino ido- idityaniswe izitya intlanzi kunye nenyama, isuphu, sauce kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo dessert, esetyenziswa njenge nokuzaliswa womoji. Ukongeza, melon kwe iziqhamo unako okunkonkxiweyo, emkhenkceni, womile kwaye bapheke kubo compote, balondoloze kunye kwemikrozo. Ezikrwada amaqunube pepino pickle ngendlela efanayo cucumber njengesiqhelo, kwaye wenze ezahlukeneyo nemifuno eyakhiwe salads.

Indlela sikhule bume yethu?

begadi zethu ukuze bafunde iimpawu ezininzi anenzuzo esi sityalo, ngokufuthi bayazibuza indlela ukukhula pepino. Le yimpumelelo kakhulu kwaye lulungiselelwe ukuba iimeko zethu emaXhoseni ingqalelo kaRamses uConsuelo.

Melon kwe akhule ngokusebenzisa izityalo. ukuhlwayela imbewu lwenziwa ukusuka ekupheleni okanye ekuqaleni kuka January ukuya kuFebruwari ogalelwe umxube umhlaba iitumato, Abachithachithe phezu komhlaba, wafefa bayisile olova. Emva koko vala iglasi izityalo okanye ifilimu. Xa kuvela izithole, Basuka obhityileyo, eshiya kakhulu. Xa izithole kukhula ku 15-20 cm, bona aliqhawule, zize zibe bhotile umthamo omkhulu emva kukuvela Kuphendula icala. Emva kuneqabaka spring yokupasa returnable, lokususa izithole kwi Pepino greenhouse, lo gama kuthathelwa ukunyamekela Wabumba zeetumato eziqhelekileyo. Le nkcubeko akayithandi ebilandelwa ukuya ubushushu - ukususela-15 ^{° C} ne-30 ^{° C} ne ukufuma ye malunga ne-75%.

Cherenkuem

Ukongeza kwimbewu phindo, pepino kungenziwa ezityalwe izithole. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ube izityalo umzali, zigqunyiwe yasebusika efihlakeleyo, okanye loggia. Ukususela phakathi February, ungakwazi bomiliselwa, ukusika iincopho amasebe amagqabi ezisixhenxe. Abadinge isusiwe sheet amabini asezantsi, kwaye isiqingatha eliseleyo asisifutshane ukuba zinciphisa ukuphuma komphunga. Ukuba wesizalo amatyholo kancinane, ngoko ke unako ukufumana ningazicenti ukusuka ezantsi ukubaleka, eshiya interstitials ezintlanu.