Uyilo Road: isincomo

Uyilo kwendlela ngomnye wemiba ephambili kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ngenxa yokuba sendleleni zakhiwe imele Umthambo, leyo uhamba Passenger, impahla kunye nezithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Inkqubo mihla yothutho - omzimba entsonkothileyo, bonke abo Izakhi oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwaye zixhomekeke ngqo kwi enye kwenye. Uyilo kwendlela ngeli xesha luqinisekiswa kakhulu amakhonkco ekhoyo phakathi zokuhlala, iindawo zolonwabo, amashishini kwimizi-mveliso namanye amaziko oluntu.

Ubomi ihlabathi namhlanje bacinge ngaphandle yindlela abalungelelanisiweyo kakuhle esebenza, nto leyo eza kuqinisekisa ukuthutha olufanelekileyo impahla okanye abantu. Uyilo eyiyo kwendlela namhlanje kubaluleke ngokukodwa kwakhona ngenxa yokuba ekhoyo okwangoku akukho ndlela malilungiselelwe okwandayo kubungakanani bezithuthi kunye kwisantya esiphakamileyo.

Kutheni na oko?

Ukwenza le nkqubo kufuneka ibonelele intshukumo ekhuselekileyo, ukhululekile, nemibutho kwaye ukhululekile kwezithuthi ngokungqinelana ngokwesantya soyilo. Kwakhona uyilo Road elinobuchule kuvumela ukuba iimeko zendlela uniform, ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo ngemigaqo orientation olubonakalayo zabaqhubi, ukubeka ekhululekile kunye ekhuselekileyo kakhulu le yodibano ezahlukeneyo ezidibanayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka.

abanini ezininzi kwiindawo zabucala bacinga okuninzi kutheni kufuneka uphando kunye nokuqulunqa zeendlela, ngokuba kugalela impela nje indlela ukulandela wabeka Musiqisi kuyo. Kodwa ke ukuba umntu zange senze efanayo umsebenzi, kubhetele ukuqala ubuncinane wayeqhelene yokuzenzisa kunye uluhlu ngokupheleleyo ngemisebenzi, nto leyo kuya kufuneka nazo, uze ubone ukubaluleka ekuphatheni kunye neziphumo kunokwenzeka.

Phambi kokuba uqale ukubeka uluntu indlela, isiphambuka, okanye nasiphi na isitalato isixeko, kuqala kufuneka ufumane imvume yokwenza umsebenzi onjalo, kwaye kufuna uphando kunye nokuyila iindlela. Engagunyaziswanga wonke umsebenzi ekugqibeleni kukhokelela koko kuya kuthiwa nabameli amapolisa ezendlela, ezo ukuqalisa lingatshajiswanga ezalisekisa iimfuno kwaye ukuba kwixa elizayo, zonke izimvo abayi kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, contiguity okanye indlela aya kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, yaye uya kwenza umlomo ukusebenza kweziko . Kule meko, kuya kufuneka ukubuyisela kwimeko yalo yantlandlolo, leyo kuba yinkcitha-isixa esikhulu-mali, singasathethi ke into yokuba xa umendo kukhokelele nasiphi na isiza mveliso, igesi, cafe okanye nemiqolomba, ukusebenza kwawo iza kupheliswa.

Kunokuba ayesenako asongele?

Asinguye wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba, ngokungqinelana ne-isniphu, nokuyila koohola - ukuba nje ngokubekwa igrabile, asphalt kunye nofakelo imiqondiso yendlela. Ekuhambeni yale nkqubo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo yonke unxibelelwano ekhoyo imisiwe, apho ibekwe kwindawo yokwakha, kuba oko kuya kuba mnandi kakhulu, ukuba ithuba abasebenzi ngethuba ngokubekwa isisi, amanzi okanye ifayibha optic cable. Ekugqibeleni, ukulungiswa kunye nembuyekezo ye lahleko kubanini zonxibelelwano ziya kujongana kunye umthengi, kwaye ixabiso le misebenzi liphezulu kakhulu.

Kungenxa yoko le nto imfuneko ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho echazwe isniphu. uyilo Road kufuneka unokuthenjwa kuphela iingcali, ngenxa yokuba kukho izinto ezininzi abakwazi akhawunti ngokuba abakhi abaqeqeshiweyo. iinjineli abafanelekayo ukulungiselela nayiphi na imiqathango leyo enokuthi ezifunekayo ixesha elide kunye nokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kwendlela, wenziwe uhlalutyo noshowo komgangatho kunye ngokuzala amandla kwesiseko phantsi zonke iintlobo umthwalo, kwakunye nokunika inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi ukuthintela yomhlaba olinywe roadbed, uthabathe ingqalelo nezinye bokuqonda .

iintlobo

Ukuze uqalise kukuba ukumisela umyalelo, ziziphi iintlobo zeendlela, umgaqo:

• Yemoto - kwendlela yothutho apho iimoto ahamba ngendlela eqhubekekayo nokufikelela kuyo inikezelwa qho iikhilomitha ezintlanu.
• Freeway - yahlukile uhlobo kuqala ukuba kukho into ekhoyo kwinqanaba ukufikelela lula ngokulinganayo ukude kangangeekhilomitha ezintathu.
• ukusetyenziswa Normal - zonke ezinye iintlobo iindlela musa kuwa phantsi kwenkcazo emibini edlulileyo.

Kuxhomekeka kwindlela ekhethiweyo zatshintsha kakhulu iimpawu zokucwangcisa. Xa inkqubo ukuyila kuthathela ingqalelo iinkalo ezahlukeneyo uhlobo lwamancedo webs, iimeko zemozulu, kwindlela esecaleni, lokudla ilingane, ubunzulu ukuhamba kwezithuthi kunye namandla neempawu.

ucwangciso

Into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kwinkqubo yocwangciso - oku ukucwangcisa ngokucacileyo indlela. Magistral kuyo nayiphi na imeko akufuneki zinendlela ezihambe ngayo kwiindawo zolimo, amaziko zasezidolophini, kwakunye kwinkangeleko ezizodwa zendalo kunye kwizakhiwo zoshishino ezahlukeneyo. Xa uninzi kwiimeko ezo njineli ngexesha yesicwangciso kuqala wenziwe indawo survey preliminary, nto leyo eza ngezitena kunye ziphawulwe kwimephu zonke iindlela kunokwenzeka. Emva koko, uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha ukuchongwa kwabo bonke eluncedo nengeloncedo nganye iinketho thaca.

Emva koko khetha indlela ethile waza wenza uhlalutyo lwakhe olunzulu phambi iya kuqhutywa ngokusebenzisa uyilo TAP emikhulu. Ngaphezu koko kwenziwe nokudalwa ngemizobo loyilo, kodwa abanikazi belizwe kunye imibutho eyahlukeneyo, apho kukho iindlela zendlela indlea, uya kuba nelungelo lokuvakalisa iingcebiso zabo nezimvo. Ikakhulu amalungiselelo projekthi ngenyameko ngenxa ezimeleyo, iziphumo kuzo sele wenza utshintsho ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yocwangciso.

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, emva kokuba idrafti, oko kudala inani elikhulu imizobo zokusebenza ezivunyiweyo. Ngaphandle indlela ngqo, imizobo kunye esicaciswe ekudibana eneenkcukacha, ekungeneleleni kunye zokuphuma endleleni, kwakunye zicatshulwa, zokuwela, iibhulorho kunye nezinye izakhiwo. Kwakhona kunyanzelekile uzimisele apho iibhasi ethile iza kusetyenziswa inkqubo ukubeka endleleni kunye nempahla.

izigaba

Ngaloo ndlela, ucwangciso angohlulwa ngezigaba ezininzi:

1. Development kunye nokwamkelwa indlela.
2. Ukuzotywa inani izindululo ezinxulumene lilungiselelo kwingoma kunye nokufunyanwa ezilandelayo.
3. Ulungelelwaniso kweprojekthi kwaye bafumane inkxaso onke amasebe abachaphazelekayo.
4. Amaxwebhu design ngenyameko, leyo kufuneka sibandakanye izicwangciso tala.

Enye yezona ngxaki ngokucinezelwa zokwakha indlela leyo iphantsi ubeko lwe yomhlaba, apho injongo engundoqo ukufakwa na indlela olinikiweyo yayiza kuwo. Kulo mzekelo, ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba banikele ingqalelo ezi ngongoma zilandelayo:

• Khetha uhlobo endleleni;
• ukugcinwa zonke izithuba eluhlaza ezikhoyo ngelo xesha;
• zokudalwa ehlathini ezintsha;
• yelungiselelo kumathambeka;
• uphuhliso uluhlu olupheleleyo sokubuyisela isebenza.

Musa ukulibala ngento yokuba izakhiwo ezinjalo kufuneka ziquka ixesha elide, uphando olunzulu kunye onzima, ingakumbi ukuba siqonde nge iindlela sibhedlela. imigangatho yoyilo ziquka bokuqonda ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ukuba kufuneka ingqalelo kuzo zonke ixesha le misebenzi. Le miba HIV iquka ukuba ngalo mzuzu, imigaqo ekhoyo ngokubekwa umendo kunye roadbed conjugation enhle kunye neekona ezithambileyo twatse nazo naziphi na iimpawu ze landscape.

ukuba uzakuyiqala ngaphi?

Ukuba ujongene ukwakhiwa motorways, kwizitrato isixeko okanye nayiphi na amalungu, ukwenza lo msebenzi kufuneka ibe kwindawo amanyathelo ezimbalwa:

1. Eyila subgrade emikhulu.
2. Lonke ulwazi yangasemva.
3. Ukuyilwa imveliso yokugqibela kunye amaxwebhu ayimfuneko.
4. nolungelelwaniso le projekthi kunye ngumthengi kunye nabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo.

umsebenzi

Kweli nqanaba, kubalulekile ukujonga kunye nokudlalisa, kwakunye iintlobo zomsebenzi owenziwa. Eyona nto kukuba, kuxhomekeka kuluhlu ukuba Ukhankanye (ulungiso ezinkulu, ukwakhiwa entsha, ngokutsha, njalo njalo. N.) ziya kutshintshwa ngqo yaye isixa kumsebenzi owenziweyo, kwakunye uluhlu olupheleleyo imibutho apho kuya kufuneka athetha-thethane nazo zonke iintlobo zamaxwebhu. Umzekelo, ukuba ngaba lo msebenzi ukuyila ngokutsha kwendlela ziya kusetwa endaweni kuncendile enkulu, ke kuloo mzekelo kuya kufuneka bangenele uviwo ngokucokisekileyo karhulumente alizise imilinganiselo zejometri iparameters ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuqhuba le misebenzi ifuna ixesha elininzi kunye nemali.

Ubizo kufuneka ibonise inani ngqo leekopi kunye nohlobo amaxwebhu ekhutshwe ngexesha yoyilo eqhelekileyo, kwenqanaba elithile iyilungisile indlela kunye nezinye bokuqonda ezininzi. Musa ukulibala ukuba, ngokutsho umsebenzi kuya kwenziwa uqeqesho, uyilo, ukwakhiwa kweendlela, nazo zonke iintlobo zezinto ezihamba kude kuyo, kuxoxiwe ngawo ngokwahlukileyo.

ulwazi yangasemva

Kolu luhlu lwe data ziquka zonke iintlobo zophando zobunjineli, iimeko zobugcisa abanini nganye lonxibelelwano ukuba kwindawo yokusebenza, ngokunjalo iincwadi ezahlukeneyo efunyenwe imvisiswano amaziko. Umthamo inkcazelo wokuqala uxhomekeke ngqo kwi neempawu into ethile. Ukuze isakhiwo encinane driveways, ezidibanayo okanye yokupaka amacwecwe ngokwaneleyo ezidolophini, lo gama nemigangatho yoyilo iindlela kwakhona ukunika ubukho iisaveyi zejoloji kunye geodetic.

design

Eli nyathelo kakhulu ixesha elide yaye zibiza imali eninzi. Emva kokuba ifumene iimeko zobugcisa, kuphula isixa zomsebenzi, kunye asphalt kunye uhlalutye babuye na iindleko eqolo.

Badla ngokujongana neemeko apho ulawulo ngembeko "uyabuza" ukwenza yolwabiwo ngakumbi, ukunika noyilo iipavumente, iipaki kunye neendlela ibhayisekile, ngokunjalo ukwenza sobuciko. Xa kuziwa ekuxhobiseni adjacency kwiindlela zoluntu, umzekelo, i-North Ossetian State University kunye namapolisa yezithuthi esendleleni iza kufuna ukuyila ekudibana olusisinyanzelo zeendlela kunye ezidibanayo kunye nesantya eziphakathi senguqu, ilungiselelo izibane, izibane ezahlukeneyo izithuthi kunye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, lo onqamleza.

Zokukhanya Way kufuneka nakanjani azinze kuloo mmandla zokuhlala, kwaye injongo yayo ephambili kukuqinisekisa ukubonakala eqhelekileyo yendlela kunye abadlulayo. ukususwa Amanzi kwakhona kwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo - umjelo storm okanye izisele ezahlukeneyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yoyilo ukuqwalasela ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokubonelela ucalu olumisiweyo, kwakunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo ulwamkelo kunye nokukhululwa. Kwinkqubo ukuphambukiswa amanzi kwiindawo ezingqonge ngokufuthi kuyimfuneko kukuxhobisa izibonelelo zonyango yasekuhlaleni.

Ukuba eziluncedo ezibe kummandla lolwakhiwo, ngoko ke abanini kuyo nayiphi na imeko zifuna ukhuseleko okanye litsha, ngokungqinelana kunye namaxwebhu eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, iingcebiso ukuyila iindlela hayi kuphela endleleni, leyo kufuna ukubandakanyeka iinjineli kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi, leyo, ngokulandelelana, kuphula iindleko zizonke yokwakha.

na kwenziwa njani?

Ukufumana uyilo, ekuqaleni wenza ubalo amandla ezahlukeneyo, yaye emva koko kuphela ngenxa yehambo yabo yokubala lweenkangeleko longitudinal and enqamlezileyo. Xa inkqubo ukuyila kunye nokubalwa yenziwa ecaleni zobugcisa kunye nemali ye-project, yaye emva koko walungisa amaxwebhu seprojekthi esicacisiweyo, kunye ukulinganisela zonke iindleko eziyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe le web.

zobunjineli okukhethiweyo nezisombululo zokusingqongileyo, ekuthe umendo kuyo inkomfa kakuhle kwi mhlaba yendalo. Ngenxa uhlalutyo imeko yokusingqongileyo kuphuhliso kwamaxwebhu projekthi kwenziwa zokwakha ngakumbi umonakalo encinci-bume.

Ukuyila indlela olwenziwe ngokusekelwe inani lezifundo zobunjineli uhlalutyo parameters zomhlaba, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto awohluke ngenxa mphandle yengingqi. Kwinkqubo yoyilo kweendlela ziingcali ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo software mihla, kwakunye nezixhobo zobunjineli ezikhethekileyo.

Kule imeko yangoku ngayo nje akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso uphuhliso lobungcali amaxwebhu eprojekti ngaphandle kweenkqubo matshini. Mathematical nokunikwa computer noun nganye manqanaba yoyilo nga ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa umgangatho ngokubanzi umsebenzi, kwakunye ukunciphisa iindleko, ixesha kunye nemali lilonke izinto ezifunekayo ukuze zokwakha. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iindlela zokwenza umsebenzi yoyilo kude ngokupheleleyo, kusetyenziswa kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo ukusuka imigaqo kuyilo yemveli.

isivumelwano

Uluhlu imizimba ababandakanyekayo lulungelelaniso amaxwebhu eprojekti, kufuneka ziboniswe lo msebenzi, njengoko apho imithetho emisiweyo nokuyilwa kweendlela. Ukuba kukho naziphi na izimvo okanye imibuzo, nabayili ungasoloko qhagamshelana oyingcaphephe kwaye susa izimvo okanye wenze utshintsho ezahlukeneyo. Njengommandla ozimeleyo okanye uviwo karhulumente kwiimeko ezininzi apho yedwa.

Xa zonke imvume HIV ifunyenwe uziyilela icandelo yendlela lugqityiwe. Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka sele ukufumana imvume umsebenzi wokwakha.