UThomas Alva Edison: biography kanye photo

Thomas Alva Edison (photo uboniswe kamva kweli nqaku) - waseMelika ngubani utyikitye irekhodi 1.093 patents. Kwakhona wadala kwelebhu yokuqala industrial uphando.

Thomas Alva Edison - ngubani na?

Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1863, elivisayo kwi-ofisi yocingo, apho phantse umthombo kuphela amandla yaba ibhetri nobu-, de kwasekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1931, benza ekusondeleni ilixa lombane. Ukususela seelabhoratri zazo zize zocweyo kwafika igramafoni, microphone carbon philisi, igqengezelayo, generator olululo ukusebenza zibonwe, inkqubo yokuqala kwezibane yorhwebo kunye unikezelo lwamandla, umzila kaloliwe yokulinga zombane, izinto ezisisiseko izixhobo umboniso, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

biography omfutshane usemncinane

Thomas Alva Edison wazalwa ngo 11.02.1847, e Maylene, eOhio, kusapho Samyuelya Edisona kunye Nensi Eliot. Abazali wabalekela eUnited States ukususela Canada emva ukubandakanyeka kayise kwimvukelo Mackenzie ngo-1837 Xa wayeneminyaka 7, intsapho yakhe waya ePort Huron, Michigan. Thomas Alva Edison, lo mncinane kubantwana abasixhenxe, babehlala apha de waqalisa ubomi bakhe xa kweminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu. Esikolweni, wafunda kwiinyanga nje elincinane kakhulu, bambalwa. Ukufunda, ukubhala nasekubaleni bamfundisa ngunina, utitshala. xi tshama xi ri umntwana ukwazi kakhulu kwaye kusolula kulwazi ngokwayo.

Thomas Alva Edison wachitha esengumntwana, oluninzi ukufunda, kwaye imithombo iphefumlelwe yakhe ethi 'The School of Philosophy Natural "R. Parker" Cooper Union ukwenzela ukukhuthaza yenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa. " Umnqweno for self-ukuphucula wahlala naye ubomi bakhe.

Alva waqalisa ukusebenza besebancinane, ngathi abantwana abaninzi ngelo xesha. Wayeneminyaka eli-13 waya kusebenza umthengisi-ndaba kunye neelekese kaloliwe yendawo onxulumanisa Port Huron ku Detroit. Ixesha elininzi lakhe free wayitshabalalisa ekufundeni iincwadi lwenzululwazi nobugcisa, kwaye bathabatha ithuba lokufunda ukusebenza kwi kusungulwe. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-16, Edison wayesele abanamava ngokwaneleyo ukuba asebenze ixesha elizeleyo telegrapher.

Ukusungulwa lokuqala

Uphuhliso kokuba kusungulwe inyathelo lokuqala revolution zonxibelelwano, kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX, lalikhula ngokukhawuleza. Oku kwanika Edison kunye noogxa bakhe ithuba lokuba ahambe, bona ilizwe baze bafumane amava. Alva usebenze kwizixeko eziliqela lonke United States phambi 1868 kwafika eBoston. Apha Edison waqala ukutshintsha umsebenzi wakhe umsunguli yocingo. Yena enelungelo i electric ivoti recorder - isixhobo yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kumaqumrhu anyulwe ezifana Congress, ukukhawulezisa inkqubo. Wayila ndingungantweni yorhwebo. Edison wagqiba ukuba kwixesha elizayo uya kunyuka izinto kuphela imfuno yoluntu ukuba qiniseka ngokupheleleyo.

UThomas Alva Edison: A Biography of umsunguli

Ngowe-1869 wafudukela eNew York, apho waqhubeka ukusebenza ngcono kusungulwe waza wadala isixhobo lokuqala oluphemeleleyo lakhe - ". Lomshicileli kwemfuyo jikelele" izixhobo exchange Thomas Alva Edison, inventions owakukhuphayo kuye 40 amawaka. Dollars, waba iimali eziyimfuneko 1871 ukuvulwa kweendawo yayo yokuqala encinane elebhu kunye lemveliso e Newark, New Jersey. Kule minyaka mihlanu izayo yena owasungula waza wenza isixhobo, ukuphucula kakhulu isantya kunye nokusebenza kokuba kusungulwe. Edison kwakhona wafumana ithuba lokuba atshate uMariya Stilwell kwaye uqale nentsapho.

Ngowe-1876, wathengisa yonke imveliso yalo Newark yaye wafudukela umfazi wakhe, oonyana kunye nabasebenzi kwilali encinane Menlo Park,-40 km kumzantsi-ntshona City New York. Edison wakha into entsha equlathe konke ufuna umsebenzi evelele. Olu yolaborathri yophando nzulu yaba yeyokuqala hlobo yayo kwaye singezantsi singangumzekelo ukuba amaziko kamva ezifana Bell Laboratories. Kuthiwa ukuba wakhe wokusungula mkhulu. Apha Edison waqala ukutshintsha ihlabathi.

I igramafoni lokuqala

Wayila yokuqala enkulu Menlo Park waba ngefoyile ye-igramafoni. Lo matshini yokuqala ukuba bakwazi ukubhala kwaye umva umdlalo, isandi, wadala yezigcawu wazisa Edison nodumo ngamazwe. Umniniyo, waquqa lonke elo lizwe yaye ngo-Apreli 1878 wacelwa ukuba kwiNdlu White ukubonisa igramafoni uMongameli Rutherford Hayes.

yombane

I Edison omkhulu Inkampani elilandelayo uphuhliso isibane zigqengezelayo practical. Ingcamango bokukhanya ugesi ayikho ntsha, kwaye sele abantu abaliqela asebenza kuwo, nokuba ukuphuhlisa ezinye iintlobo yayo. Kodwa kude kube lelo xesha, kuba akazange adale nantoni na aluncedo ukusetyenziswa ekhaya.

kwasungulwa merit Edison-mali yale igqengezelayo nje kuphela, kodwa inkqubo unikezelo lwamandla, ezazikade yonke into kufuneka iluncedo, ekhuselekileyo kunye nenoqoqosho. Emva kweminyaka enye enesiqingatha uye waba nempumelelo, xa isibane yale igqengezelayo, nto leyo wasebenzisa zibane filament carbonized iiyure 13.5.

Kumboniso wokuqala zoluntu inkqubo izibane yabanjwa ngoDisemba 1879, xa mayixhotyiswe kwisakhiwo lonke kweelabhoratri Menlo Park. Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo umenzi sele enikelwe ukudalwa kombane. NgoSeptemba 1882 waqalisa ukusebenza isikhululo samandla zorhwebo lokuqala kubekwe kwi Pearl Street e Lower Manhattan, leyo kubonelela umbane kunye nokukhanya kubaxumi phezu kommandla imayile enye isikwere. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa ixesha kombane.

Edison General Electric

electric Izibane impumelelo wakhokela umenzi waduma ithamsanqa njengoko iteknoloji entsha saa ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ihlabathi. Electric Inkampani waqhubeka ukuphuhlisa de zadityaniswa ngo-1889 kwi "Edison Jikelele Electric." Nangona ukusetyenziswa amagama umenzi egameni ombutho, akazange sayilawula. imali Huge of capital ezifunekayo kuphuhliso lwamashisini zokukhanya, wafuna ekutsaleni iibhanki zotyalo ezifana JP Morgan. Xa ngo-1892, Edison General Electric udityaniswe okhuphisana yayo ephambili Thompson-Houston, lo Umsunguli igama isuswe igama layo.

Ngumhlolokazi umshado yesibini

Thomas Alva Edison, lakhe siqu ubomi-1884 lwaba ukufa nomfazi wakhe, uMary, akazange abe ixesha elininzi ukunikela Menlo Park. Kwaye ngenxa inxaxheba kwishishini, waqala ukuba baye khona kude kangako. Kunoko, yena noonyana bakhe abathathu - Marion UYonela, uThomas Alva Edison Jr. kunye Uilyam Lesli - wayehlala e-New York. Emva konyaka, wahlala endlwini umhlobo e-New England, Edison wadibana mabini Mina Miller kunye omthandayo. Umtshato kwenzeka ngoFebruwari 1886, yaye esi sibini safudukela West Orange, New Jersey, apho umyeni uthenge izindlu lomtshakazi Glenmont. Esi sibini babehlala apha de ukufa kwakhe.

Laboratory e West Orange

Emva kokuba sifudukele Thomas Alva Edison wayenza amalinge kwi istudiyo zokwexeshana kwi Lamp Factory e Harrison ekufuphi, New Jersey. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuba umtshato wakhe, wagqiba ukwakha ilebhu entsha sakhe West Orange, iikhilomitha ukusuka ekhayeni lakhe. Xa waba izibonelelo ezaneleyo kunye nobuchule ukwakha kangangoko zinakho kunye ilebhu enkulu, kunayo yonke eminye, ukuba uphuhliso ekhawulezayo bangasukela zeentlondi.

Kwisakhiwo esitsha kwezakhiwo ezintlanu yavulwa ngoNovemba 1887. Le ezinemigangatho emithathu-isakhiwo engundoqo amandla, iindibano zocweyo mechanical, izitora, izibonelelo ze-eksperimenti kunye nethala enkulu. izakhiwo ezincinane ezine eyakhelwe nkqo ukuya engundoqo kwindawo ebonakalayo, iikhemikhali kunye iilebhu metallurgical, ucweyo kulwenziwo iisampuli kunye nokugcinwa kweekhemikhali. Ubukhulu esikhulu zakhiwo wavumela Edison ukusebenza kungekhona omnye kodwa iiprojekthi ezilishumi okanye amabini ngaxeshanye. Izakhiwo kunye phezulu okanye yakhiwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zeli umenzi de kwasekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1931. Iminyaka emininzi ehlabathini kwilebhu baba iifektri belingekakhelwa kwimveliso yendalo Edison yakhe. Lonke Isakhiwo ekugqibeleni wathabatha iihektare ngaphezulu kwe-8, kwaye ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, abantu 10,000 wasebenza apho.

imboni lokurekhoda

Emva kokuba kuvulwe ilebhu entsha, uThomas Alva Edison waqhubeka ukusebenza igramafoni, kodwa ke walibeka ukuya ekupheleni 1870s abenza ekukhanyeni yombane. Ngo-1890, waqala nokuvelisa iigramafoni ukuze ekhaya kunye nokusetyenziswa zorhwebo. Njengoko ukukhanya yombane, walungiselela yonke into eyimfuneko ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, kubandakanywa izixhobo ze oqo- kanye ukudlalwa, kwakunye nezixhobo kokukhululwa kwabo. Kulo mzekelo, Edison wadala kushishino irekhodi a. Development kunye nokuphuculwa igramafoni waya phezu ngokuqhubekekayo yaye waqhubeka ephantse ukufa umsunguli.

cinema

Ngelo xesha Edison waqala ukudala isixhobo ekwaziyo nokwenza oko igramafoni - kuba ezindlebeni. Baba-bhanyabhanya. Abaqambi iye yabonisa ukuba ngo-1891, yaye emva kweminyaka emibini uqale lemveliso "iimovie" kwi studio encinane, ezakhiwa elebhu, eyaziwa ngokuba "Chernaya nguMariya".

Njengoko kwimeko yombane kunye igramafoni, kule nkqubo emanyanisiweyo indalo kunye umboniso bhanya-bhanya iye yaphuhliswa. Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi Edison kwi movie ezintsha kunye original. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi abanomdla eli ilishishini elitsha yaye wayefuna ukuphucula umsebenzi ekuqaleni cinematic ye umsunguli. Ngoko ke, igalelo kuphuhliso ngokukhawuleza movie, abaninzi benziwe. Ekupheleni kwale 1890s iye wanda ushishino oluqhelekileyo olutsha, yaye ngo-1918 th kuye kukhuphiswano kangangokuba Edison waphuma ishishini.

Ukungaphumeleli iphawu lokwengeza okanye lokucutha

Kuyanda shiwe eshukumayo kwi 1890s kwanceda ukuze kubuyekezelwe kusilela mkhulu njengekhondo Edison. Iminyaka elishumi wasebenza elabhoratri emigodini zentsimbi endala ntshona New Jersey phezu iindlela nezokukhupha yentsimbi ekrwada ukuhlangabezana nemfuno wayenxanelwe ematyeni zentsimbi of Pennsylvania. Ukuze ngezimali lo msebenzi, Edison wathengisa i "General Electric" zonke izabelo zabo.

Nangona iminyaka elishumi zomsebenzi kunye nezigidi zeerandi echithwe uphando kunye nophuhliso, wasilela ukwenza inkqubo ngokorhwebo inokwenzeka, waza waphulukana yonke imali imali. Oku kuthetha zemali ukuba Edison waqhubeka ukuphuhlisa igramafoni kunye movie ngexesha elifanayo. Yiba ukuba kunjalo, umqambi bangena kwinkulungwane entsha kuhlala benqabisekile ngokwasezimalini kwaye ukulungele ukuphosa mngeni omtsha.

ibhetri awana

Edison waba umngeni omtsha ukuphuhlisa iibhetri zokusetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane. Abaqambi wayeyoliswa kakhulu iimoto, nabo bonke ubomi bakhe nguye umnini iintlobo ezininzi ukusebenza kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla. Edison wayekholelwa ukuba bona yengcono amafutha umbane, kodwa ke umthamo neebhetri eqhelekileyo lead-asidi kuba oko akwanelanga. Ngo-1899 waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla ibhetri obrak. Le projekthi yaba yeyona kwakunzima yaye wathabatha iminyaka elishumi. Ngexesha neebhetri ezintsha obrak zalungiselelwa, izithuthi ipetroli kwaphuculwa ukuze izithuthi zombane ziye zasetyenziswa kunqabile, ikakhulu njengendlela zonikezelo kwizixeko. Noko ke, iibhetri obrak ukuwuphumeza luncedo ukukhanyisa kaloliwe iimoto kunye ezingontsini, buoys zaselwandle kunye mgodini wezibane. Mu kuya kwa nshita intsimbi, utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ahlawule kalikhulu irhafu, yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha, ibhetri iye imveliso inzuzo Edison.

Thomas A. Edison Inc.

Ngo-1911, uThomas Alva Edison iphuhlise umsebenzi olubanzi mveliso e West Orange. Ehlabathini le mveliso lab eziliqela, kunye nabasebenzi oluntsonkothileyo eliqeshiweyo likhulile ukuya amawaka aliqela kwakhiwa. Ukuze ngcono kukhokela umsebenzi, Edison wahlanganisa zonke waseka inkampani enye corporation Thomas A. Edison Inc., umongameli kunye nosihlalo ogama yena. Wayeneminyaka eli-64 ubudala, yaye nendima yakhe nkampani yaye ubomi baqalisa ukutshintsha. Edison lidlulisele abaninzi kumsebenzi wabo wemihla ngemihla kwabanye. Le laboratory kukodwa kuthatha ngaphantsi kwe umfuniselo original nokuphucula iimveliso ezikhoyo. Nangona Edison waqhubeka kwifayile aze afumane amalungelo awodwa izinto ezintsha, imihla yayo indalo izinto ezintsha, ukutshintsha ubomi kunye nokudala amashishini amatsha, baye bashiywa ngasemva.

Umsebenzi on ukuziphendulela

Ngowe-1915, Edison wacelwa ukuba intloko iKomiti yeeNgcebiso yomkhosi wamanzi. US inxaxheba sani kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunye nokudalwa komiti iinzame zokuhlela iitalente oosonzululwazi eziphambili kunye nabasunguli kweli lizwe kule iimfuno US imikhosi exhobileyo. Edison wamkela ukuqeshwa. IBhodi iye wenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kuloyiso ekugqibeleni, kodwa waba umzekelo ngentsebenziswano elizayo ngempumelelo phakathi izazinzulu, abaqambi kunye US imikhosi exhobileyo. Ngexesha lemfazwe, eneminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe, Edison wachitha iinyanga eziliqela eLong Island kwi inqanawa Navy, ukuhlola iindlela silubone ii nkwili.

ntlokoma yoba Golden

Thomas Alva Edison of abaqambi kunye mveliso waba cultural icon, uphawu lweshishini yaseMelika. Ngowe-1928, ukuqaphela bokuphumelela kwakhe, i-Congress US yanikezelwa kuye imbasa ekhethekileyo iMbeko. Ngowe-1929, eli lizwe wabhiyozela wentlokoma segolide kwezibane zombane. Luvuthondaba le holide enesidlo imbeko Edison, owasinikayo uHenry Ford kwi Greenfield Village museum imbali omtsha American (kwathiwa ngokupheleleyo yasekwa kwakhona ngokophando Menlo Park). Imbeko watyelela uMongameli Gerbert Guver nokukhokela izazinzulu ezininzi yaseMelika kunye nabasunguli.

Ukufakwa for ngerabha

Uphando lwakutshanje kubomi Edison wenza xa isicelo abahlobo bakhe olungileyo Genri Forda kunye Harvey Firestone ngasekupheleni 1920. Babefuna ukufumana umthombo irabha ukuze zisetyenziswe emoto ngomatshini. De kube lelo xesha, ekuvelisweni lwamavili ezisetyenzisiweyo irabha yendalo efumaneka umthi irabha, njengokuntshula eUnited States. irabha crude amazwe kufaka imali eninzi. Kunye uphawu amandla kahle Edison yakhe avavanywe amawaka zezityalo ezahlukeneyo ukufumana ofanelekileyo ongangena endaweni yakhe, yaye ekugqibeleni wafumana ukuba ukutshintshwa kwe yerabha kungaba goldenrod. Umsebenzi kule projekthi kwaqhubeka de kufe umsunguli.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ebudeni beminyaka emibini yokugqibela ubomi Edison impilo yakhe engaboni kakuhle kakhulu. Wachitha ixesha elininzi kude kwilebhu, endaweni yokuba ukusebenza ukusuka ekhaya Glenmont. A uhambo ukuya villa intsapho Fort Myers eFlorida waba ixesha elide. Edison Wagqitha asibhozo, kwaye uphethwe eziliqela izifo. Ngo-Agasti 1931 ukuba wagula kakhulu. impilo Edison yabambi ngcembe, yaye ngo 3:21 kusasa-Oktobha 18, 1931 umenzi enkulu wafa.

Igama layo emva kwidolophu New Jersey, iikholeji ezimbini kunye nezikolo ezininzi.