Uphi Bethlehem: inkcazelo, imbali, ezinika kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Bethlehem ngumzi samandulo kunjalo, ukuba amisele umhla ngqo mbali yayo kwesiseko akakwazi. Umhla ngayo malunga 17-16 kwiinkulungwane BC. Umhlaba apho eBhetelehem, PA zinxulumene kwindawo elizimeleyo (emazantsi eYerusalem). Uqhekekile umzi omi phezu ngasechwebeni kuMlambo iYordan. EBhayibhileni, oko kuthiwa Efrat, neBhete-eBhetelehem yakwaYuda. Kodwa eli gama, gxebe, libhekisela kwindawo yonke, leyo ngoku eBhetelehem mihla.

History of eBhetelehem; kwegama lokuqala

Fumanisa apho eBhetelehem, ziziphi ilizwe, singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba kwintsimi ingxabano. Kule inxalenye yentsimi ibango yi kwaSirayeli nasePalestina. Qho iingxabano ubungqina. Nangona isivumelwano uxolo ubamba isixeko ilifa Palestinian.

indawo Esi sixeko bugubungela ezikwere zeekhilomitha 5.4. Lo mmandla encinane kangangeenkulungwane oyisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Sisihlandlo sokuqala lisukela emva kweenkulungwane 17-16 BC ukuba ukuzalwa kaKumkani uDavide uthanjiswe waba ngukumkani umprofeti uSamuweli.

Basilica ne Zomnqamlezo

Ngowe-326 yayakhiwe kwiCawa Yokuzalwa, yaye ukususela ngaloo mzuzu iqala uthotho ngeemfazwe phezu ubunini yaseBhetelehem ezinxulumene ngamaKrestu ehlabathini waza waba ngomnye iisimboli yokholo. Ngowe-1095 uPopu Urban II walungelelanisa yenkolo yokuqala ngenjongo ukoyisa ikhulule iYerusalem, iNazarete kunye eBhetelehem evela kwamaSilamsi. Le njongo iye yaphumelela ngo-1099. Emva zoloyiso yayiququzelelwe uBukumkani eYerusalem, ubukho de 1291.

period Ottoman

Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-16 no-20 leminyaka, Bhetelehem, mhlaba oyiNgcwele, iYerusalem yaba Ottoman. Nangona ilifa Muslim, balundwendwe emhla yawa kweyona ngcwele ngokukhululekileyo. Kodwa kwiminyaka 1831-41, ukufikelela eBhetelehem wavalwa Muhhamedom Ali (Khedive baseYiputa), nto leyo phantsi kolawulo isixeko iminyaka elishumi.

Russia wangena imfazwe iCrimea kunye Ottoman kwiminyaka 1853-1856, isizathu yaba ukwala yoBukhosi IsiRashiya ukuya ukunika ubunkokheli of iicawa zamaKristu kwiLizwe oyiNgcwele.

Le kwekhulu yakutshanje 20

Ngowe-1922, EBhetelehem emva buthathaka Ottoman weza phantsi Protectorate yaseBritani. Phantsi UN kolawulo somzi sawa ngo-1947, yaye ngowe-1948, iYerusalem Bethlehem zaye bengamabanjwa Jordanians. Ukususela ngo-1967 kude kube 1995 umzi ngaphantsi kulawulo lukaSirayeli. Ngenxa yokuba i-thethwano ngo-1995, lanikwa Palestine Authority, apho ikhona unanamhla.

Indlela eya eBhetelehem

Palestine Authority kuloo ndawo apho eBhetelehem - enye yeendawo ezininzi ezityelelwe ehlabathini. Isixeko zange wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi mmandla. ixabiso layo ifumaneka kwelinye moya: ukuzalwa kule ndawo amadoda amakhulu, uthotho iziganeko ezenzeka iinkungu ngexesha ukuchaza ubomi zenkcubeko yokomoya mihla.

imihla yamandulo kunzima, kodwa iindawo nal ayeze yokuqala ime endleleni eYerusalem ukuya eBhetelehem - na ingcwaba likaRakeli. Lona igama lomfazi likhankanywe kwiTestamente eNdala njengoko umfazi Othandiweyo ukhokho uIsake. Kuba elabafileyo ke into yokuba lundwendwe ngenxa yamaYuda. Kule ndawo, bonke iqabele: indawo yokuphumla le nguRakeli, ibekwe phakathi esenjalo mangcwaba, ezitsala amaSilamsi ukuba zihloniphe izinyanya zabo.

King Biblical

Kwindawo apho kukho eyiBhetelehem, yena wazalwa enye ookumkani abaziwayo - uDavide. Apho uthanjiswe waba ngukumkani. UDavide wajoyina umhlaba wakwaSirayeli, oyisa yaye olubekwe eYerusalem, wayenza ikomkhulu bobukumkani bakhe. E Jerusalem, nyana kaDavide uSolomon wakha itempile iziqu ngawo onke amaYuda.

Ngokuphathelele egameni likaDavide elisoloko likhankanywa wakhe ukhokho uRute. Uye wangena yeembali zeBhayibhile ngenxa yobungcwele yayo kunye nothando uninazala. Ukondla ixhegwazana, uRute ukuya kubhikica emasimini aseBhetelehem, wahlala emva kwabavuni, ukusebenza umyeni wakhe elizayo. Xa amakhulu ambalwa, kwaye phezu amasimi efanayo ziya kuva amazwi zezulu, ixilongo leKrismesi. Le ndawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba "nentsimi Abelusi 'yaye libhekisela kwidolophu encinane Beit Sahour.

The main

Indawo apho mzi eBhetelehem, imbali yayo ligutyungelwe imfihlakalo. Treyisa inxalenye yamandulo zeziganeko zembali ekunokuthi kusekelwe phezu kwimithombo zobuvuvu zakudala. EBhetelehem, Iisus Hristos wazalwa, nokuba esicacisa neenqobo ezisemgangathweni ezingundoqo kulo mzi emehlweni amakholwa kunye ngembali. Ngokuphathelele ziziphumo Nativity eBhetelehem mqolomba, isixeko bafumana elizweni jikelele. Kuba Indawo amaKristu elwela amaSilamsi kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Yobu ukoyisa wanika indlela kookumkani empumalanga. Imbali uyazi iitempile ezininzi ehlabathini amadabi wamagazi.

Ngowe-326, ngokuyalelwa uKumkanikazi Helena of Byzantium phezu emqolombeni Yokuzalwa yakhiwa kwiCawa Yokuzalwa. Ngo-529, ibandla ubunzima umonakalo omkhulu amaSamariya bavukela umthetho lamaByzantine. Emva abathintela mvukelo, * uKhesare Justinian wayibuyisela kwindlu yonqulo, ukwandisa izakhiwo zetempile.

Ukususela ngowe-1517 de kube sekupheleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, yonke kwiLizwe oyiNgcwele, kuquka eBhetelehem, yaba Ottoman. Kodwa ke bahambi ekungeneni Shrine akazange ivaliwe, yonke ikholwa unako ukuza kunqula ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Kodwa indlela engakhuselekanga.

Ngowe-1995, ngenxa thethwano ndawo eyiBhetelehem, kwathi phantsi kolawulo Authority Palestine. Ngoko idolophu imbali encinane yaba liziko yephondo encinane.

eyayigquba christian

EBhetelehem - apho ngoxolo ndawonye Muslims kanye namaKristu. Kude kube kutshanje (kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo) isixeko Orthodox phantse yonke, kodwa ngoku inani amahlelo zamaKristu othembekileyo lihlile.

Eyona ndawo iphambili kweli hlabathi Orthodox - kwiCawa Yokuzalwa linentsimi enkulu. Ngqo omelene kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo yoonongendi amathathu: Orthodox, Armenian kunye Franciscan. Temple eliphethwe kumahlelo amathathu ubambe iinkonzo emva isibingelelo ziphambili banelungelo ababingeleli Orthodox kuphela.

Intliziyo yecawe ngaphantsi kwesibingelelo. Phantsi kufuneka kwizinyuko yamandulo, lwathi GROTTO, esandeni, ubona inkwenkwezi yesilivere, ithetha indawo apho wazalelwa uKristu. Le yeyona njongo iphambili ye kusiyiwa yamaKristu ehlabathini lonke. Ukuze ithuba ukuyiphatha abantu zonqulo zamahenyu ukwenza uhambo olude.

Iyamangalisa kunye indlu ngokwayo. Wakha kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo ukusuka amatye arhabaxa-axholiweyo, uyaqhubeka izakhiwo yamandulo ujonge njengenqaba, sikulungele ukuba zokhuselo nokhuseleko balundwendwe zabo kunye nezicaka. imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa Recent ukuvumela ukuba sibone kwezinye iindawo, umgangatho kaMoses, phantsi uKhesare Justinian. Iintsalela nohombisoa kaMoses kubonakala phezu kweendonga, kukho nokupeyinta langoku. imifanekiso zaveza of Saints mangaza nokomeleza iimvakalelo amakholwa, ukuya etempileni. Ezilishumi imiqolo ukuxhasa umhla igumbi ngasemva kwinkulungwane elinesihlanu kwaye zinxulumene sithuba Crusaders. Bona Zazihonjiswe imizobo, kodwa kunzima ingqalelo.

wasusa christian

EBhetelehem, apho emqolombeni Yokuzalwa, kukho iziza ezimbalwa kakhulu yeBhayibhile. Bona umdla hayi kuphela bahambi abathembekileyo, kodwa umntu ibali ebalulekileyo. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana okanye ukuyinyelisa iingcamango ezithile. Abafazi abaninzi benza oluya kwi Milk GROTTO. Ngaphakathi kuyo, iindonga amhlophe. Ngokutsho legend, kwi Grote UMariya noYosefu kunye noKristu osanda yafihlakala amajoni kaHerode iintsuku ezimashumi mane.

Kufuphi kwiCawa Yokuzalwa yenye ngaphezulu ekhumbulekayo indawo yeBhayibhile - emqolombeni iintsana eBhetelehem. Ngokutsho legend, xa abafazi bakhe wazifihla oonyana babo, kodwa akaba nako abasindise. Ngokomyalelo uKumkani uHerode ukuba elaya malunga 14,000 (njengoko imithombo eyahlukeneyo) iintsana eyindoda. Ukuze kunqumle abantwana uHerode wanikela uqikelelo ngenxa ukuba inkwenkwe, ukumkani elizayo wakwaYuda, ugungxule naye. Ezinzulwini emqolombeni kukho icawa encinane kwakhiwa mangcwaba sale nkqubo. Yeyona isakhiwo endala yobuKristu ye zonqulo lokusinda lisukela emva kwinkulungwane yesithandathu.

ezinye izinto ezinomtsalane

Kwakhona kummandla waseBhetelehem kukho amachibi Solomon - amadama amakhulu ukuqokelela amanzi ahlaziyekileyo. Amanzi Zangena samostokom, kwaye inkqubo ugqibelele kangangokuba owuthanda namhlanje. ZaseDore ke nangoku isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona ukuba yokunkcenkceshela.

Kwakhona mhambi ukwazi mabavule la Herodium - isixeko yakhiwa nguKumkani uHerode entabeni ezenziwe ngabantu. Kwentaba liphuma ngaphezu umzi, bekhumbula perishability ye impucuko enkulu. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba nentaba engcwabeni wokumkani, kodwa ukwembiwa wenziwe ngo-2005, lwadanisa amarhamente lo mbono. yafunyanwa sarcophagus, kodwa akufunyanwanga iintsalela kuwo.

namhlanje

iimpembelelo Modern ebomini sixeko, kodwa inkoliso zonke iziganeko enxulumene ixabiso yokomoya iziganeko zenzeka apha. Namhlanje eBhetelehem, apho malunga ne-25 000 amawaka abemi, luvuleleke kubo bonke ukubenza. Abantu kububona njengokuba ukwazi, kunye nenjongo ngokomoya. Ukungqubana kwaSirayeli nasePalestina, ngokucotha engamabhodlo kulo mmandla akuthinteli utyelelo kwiindawo apho kukho eyiBhetelehem.

Isixeko zange wahlala abantu abaninzi. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo wahlala indlela elilinganisiweyo ubomi babemi. lonke Iziseko, iinkonzo kunye amancinci uphuhliso imveliso yazo kwiimalike ukuba zihamba abakhenkethi. Uninzi lwawo - i namaPalestina ngamaSilamsi. Baya kuhlala malunga 80-85 ekhulwini abantu bebonke kweso sixeko. Nabanye abahlali - zamaKristu kumahlelo ahlukeneyo.

Indawo apho Bhetelehem (Palestine ilizwe), zama ukuphepha iingxabano emkhosini, kuba ingeniso ephambili uvela kubakhenkethi. Ukuxhomekeka flow umkhenkethi yenza namaPalestina ezintsha, yobugcisa achumileyo, urhwebo kunye nezinye ishishini.

ekhuselekileyo Kubonwe

Abaninzi bathi kwidolophu yaseBhetelehem kwaSirayeli - idolophu kaYesu Kristu. Oku kuyinyani wokuzalwa loMsindisi abaseBhetelehem nenkohliso esixekweni yelo kuSirayeli. Bhetelehem fanele kuGunyaziwe Palestine neYerusalem ziiyure ezimbini kude. Ukuya kummandla wesixeko ingaba idlule. Ngokufuthi kufuneka beme emgceni, oku ngenxa yokufika nabasemzini kunye namaxwebhu ukuhlola.

Akukho amaphepha ezizodwa evumela ungeno ingafuneki; kuphela amanqaku eqhelekileyo ommi angaphandle kweli yokundwendwela. Zokungena zivalwe athile iintsuku eziliqela ngenxa kule meko eladlulayo ubudlelwane basePalestina-yakwaSirayeli. Kodwa ngokubanzi, kule nxalenye umda Palestine Authority noSirayeli, le meko ezolile ngakumbi.

Ukuba utyelela kulo mzi, aye ubuke okanye ukuya kwi lokuphambukela, ukhetho engcono kungaba indlela: kwidolophu yaseBhetelehem - kaSirayeli. Iinkcukacha mzi uya kuvumela zonke kwabakhenkethi ukukhangela kulo, ngoko ikhadi lokuthenga advance eBhetelehem.