UNikolaus Harnoncourt - Umqhubi, cello, sobulumko kunye musicologist. Biography, iimpawu izibakala zobuchule kunye umdla

Ngemihla okuqala spring 2016 wasweleka mkhulu cello Austria, musicologist kunye umqhubi uNikolaus Harnoncourt. Nokubambisana amaqela ezinkulu eYurophu, wafumana ixesha ithandwe Abenzi siyinyaniso bafundise Salzburg Mozarteum Conservatory edumileyo. Ngeenkonzo zakhe Harnoncourt wathabatha ngo-2010 endaweni yesihlanu nokurhafiswa izinikezeli ezibalaseleyo lonke ixesha, oluqulunqwe iphephancwadi BBC Umculo Magazine. Ukongeza, igama mvumi ngonaphakade wangena Hall of udaba phephancwadi British classical umculo zikaJ.

Intsapho umqhubi elizayo

UNikolaus Harnoncourt (uNikolaus Harnoncourt) - Umqhubi, ogama lakhe waba lamandulo ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi. Wabonakala ukukhanya eBerlin ngowe-1929 ukuya intsapho usuka kwintsapho amanene yeengcungcu. Ukususela ekuzalweni, le mvumi enxibe itayitile Count, igama lakhe elizeleyo uJohann uNikolaus de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagt. Umama wakhe, i sisidwangube Ladislaya von Meran, waye umzukulwana kweNkosana uJohann of Austria, owazalelwa woMlawuli Leopold II watshata no Marii Luizy of Spain.

Uyise uNikolaus wabiza Eberhard de La Fonteyn d'Arnonkur-Unfertsagtom. Yena enxibe itayitile Count yaye inzalelwane yamandulo Luxembourg Lorraine uhlobo. Iminyanya uninakhulu yooyise Julia Mittrovskoy wayehlala Czech Republic. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, Eberhard wayefuna ukuba abe yimvumi, kodwa ukuthanda isiphelo kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafumane imfundo yeekholeji. Emva kokuphumelela, wasuka eVienna ukuya eBerlin waza wafumana umsebenzi njengomqhubi yoluntu. Apha watshata sisidwangube von Meran, owathi kamva wamzalela abantwana abahlanu. Ngaphandle kwezi, kwi Eberhard Wayenembewu ezimbini emtshatweni wakhe wokuqala.

Inkanuko yokudlala cello

Xa, ngo-1933, ukuze igunya eJamani, uHitler, lo Harnoncourt lwentsapho amandla ngokupheleleyo bafudukela Graz, apho kwakukho uLadislav kwilifa njengentsapho. Kungekudala emva kokuba Anschluss eOstriya, ngo-1939, nempahla yabo uhulumeni, yaye onke amalungelo kudala gqitha basebukhosini ekhethiweyo. Nangona amaxesha obunzima, abantwana babo yaye Eberhard Ladislaya ukuze ukhulise uthando nenyameko. Bonke bephela, bafundiswa ukuba ukudlala izixhobo zomculo, kodwa kamva waba yimvumi kuphela uNikolaus Harnoncourt. Cello Umqhubi wayemthanda ukususela ebuntwaneni yaye akazange afune ukuba ahlukane nayo phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko. Omnye kubazalwana bakhe, uFilipu, wakhetha inkolo umculo waba yenkolo yamaKatolika, kwaye eyesibini, eFransi, iye yaba umsebenzi owahlukileyo njenge igqwetha.

Ukulungiswa imfundo, umsebenzi Philharmonic

Emva kwemfazwe, uNikolaus wangena Vienna Conservatory, apho waphumelela ngowe-1952 Ngemihla yakhe umfundi umqhubi elizayo efunyenweyo idlala cello kwi orchestra i Vienna State Opera. Emva kokuphumelela mvumi oneminyaka engama-23 ubudala Conservatory yaphawula yintloko Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, Herbert von Karajan waza wamema ukuba isebenze. Linokuthi ngokuba impumelelo yokwenene, ngenxa yokuba ukuze abe cello kwi yaseVienna Philharmonic kwakunzima kakhulu. kamva Arnonkur uNikolaus wakhumbula ukuba indawo yakhe iokhestra athi abantu 40, kodwa Karajan wakuthanda isimo sakhe, waza wayithabatha ke khuphiswano.

Sebenza le yaseVienna Philharmonic Orchestra wazisa Harnoncourt holo eqinileyo, yeqonga Uhambo ehlabathini jikelele, ukuthatha inxaxheba rhoqo kwi Salzburg Festival ehlonitshwe, intlonipho nembeko. Noko ke, ukubiza eli xesha ebomini uNikolaus ayikwazi kuqonde ngokupheleleyo. Karajan, ngubani wamcela ukuba cello abanetalente kwi okhestra wakhe, ukuba kungekudala ingqalelo angi waza waqalisa ukuqhuba ngokunxulumene kuye umgaqo ntshutshiso indlela. Oko kwaphela ngo-1969, xa Harnoncourt oneminyaka eli-40 ubudala wawushiya orchestra waqalisa ukuseka umsebenzi umqhubi.

Ukutshata, ukuba nabantwana

Ngowe-1953, umqhubi yaseOstriya uNikolaus Harnoncourt, umsebenzi wakhe uyafundiswa kule ncwadi, watshata violin Alice Hoffelner, ngubani wafunda kunye naye somculo. Ngowe-1954 esi sibini wazala intombi, Elizabeth, owathi kamva waba opera odumileyo. Xa utshatile, wathabatha ifani yomyeni wakhe von Magnus. Emva kokuba intombi yakhe wazalelwa oonyana Harnoncourt 3. usapho Young bahlala endlwini enkulu kwi Austria Alps.

Ukudala lomculo wakho

Xa wayeneminyaka 25 kwi Nikolausa Arnonkura yaba umsebenzi ophambili, abe ngozinikeleyo, indlu entle. Kubonakala ukuba bakhululeke banandiphe ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, lo cello thiki ayeke khona. Ngowe-1953 wenza Purple de molugumbo - an yamandulo Umtya isixhobo yobuciko, sifunda a cello. Ndakuqonda ukuba niyidlale, uNikolaus uthenga ezinye izixhobo zamandulo ngakumbi, emva koko, kunye nomfazi wakhe kunye nabahlobo abambalwa waliseka lomculo Concentus Musicus Wien. Yenziwe ngu liqela ngugqirha yokusebenza authentic imisebenzi wezinto XVI-XVIII eminyaka. Yaba lomculo yokuqala ehlabathini, iintlobo ogama lwaluquka yelifa lomculo weli thuba ezimbejembeje. ukuzilolonga kwakhe iminyaka 20 ezenzeka kwigumbi lokuphumla apha Harnoncourt ekhaya. Ukuze lokuyivelisa kakhulu nangokuchanekileyo isandi umculo endala, amalungu band kwafuneka ukuba achithe ixesha elininzi ehamba isixa esikhulu kwamanqaku.

ithandwa kukuliphi

UNikolaus Harnoncourt wayengekho eqinisekile impumelelo yeprojekthi yakho, ngoko ke zokuqhelisela idityaniswe umsebenzi Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Noko ke, gala kwakhe, ubuchule Concentus Musicus Wien zaye zasasazeka phakathi bathanda imizobo, iimvumi baqalisa ixesha lemiboniso esebenzayo eehambo. Ukuba phezu yomtshangatshangiso lwempumelelo, webutho iqukumbela kunye nenkampani waseJamani Telefunken contract odumileyo ezihlawula kwaye kwisithuba seminyaka eli-15, amakhulu iirekhodi imisebenzi lomculo weli thuba ezimbejembeje. Naku Suites Purcell kunye Bach sonatas, amabali kunye Rameau ubudala Monteverdi.

Qala career umqhubi ukuba

Umsebenzi kwi lomculo waqala ukuthatha kwi Harnoncourt ukuze elide ukuba akukho kuphinda akwazi ukuhlanganisa kunye midlalo emculweni. Kukudla komlilo wamgalela impixano rhoqo kunye Karajan. Ukususela ngasekupheleni '60s imvumi lenza rhoqo lomculo wakhe umqhubi yaye akazange abone ingongoma ukuba ube cello eqhelekileyo. Emva kokushiya iqela Karajan, yena uqala ukuziphatha nje kuphela Concentus Musicus Wien. Ngowe-1970, eyenziwe krelekrele Harnoncourt uqondisa emculweni opera "The Return of Ulysses kwilizwe lakhe" kwi edume Teatro Alla Scala. Emva kwale ntetho, abathandi zobugcisa, kwacaca ukuba elundini zomculo, esilumekile inkwenkwezi entsha kunye negama ngayo - Arnonkur uNikolaus.

umsebenzi Harnoncourt Creative ebudaleni

Umqhubi amashumi amabini asebenza ngokusondeleyo harpsichordist Dutch Gustav Leonhardt. Ngenxa yale intsebenziswano, neemvumi bakwazi ukubhala umjikelo epheleleyo cantatas Bach yakhe, nto leyo ibandakanya imisebenzi ezingaphezu kwama-200. Ngasekupheleni-imi- 80 umqhubi yaseOstriya Arnonkur uNikolaus wakhokela iokhestra kwi opera izindlu ezingcono ehlabathini. Kwiminyaka nje-4 (1987 ukuya 1991) wakwazi ukubhala yonke imisebenzi yi nguBeethoven, Schubert kunye Mozart, ukubeka e Vienna Theatre opera eziliqela. Le mvumi iye yasebenza kunye omculo Philharmonic of Berlin, Vienna kunye Amsterdam, zenziwa kunye pianists abanetalente ezinjengezo Lang Lang kunye Friedrich Gulda. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, yaba nkulu iye yandiswa Harnoncourt. Ekupheleni ubomi bakhe, wakwazi ukuba phantse yonke imisebenzi yavus 'umdla yakhe. Umkhenkethisi azenzile sisincoko zomculo ngu Haydn, Vivaldi, Handel, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Offenbach, Wagner, Dvorak, Brahms kunye nezinye lomculo. Ukongeza kokuqhuba, wafumana ixesha ukufundisa Mozarteum Conservatory, ugqirha yekhethelo kwawo ukususela ku-2008

UNikolaus Harnoncourt: albhamu, iincwadi kunye amabhaso

Simazi umsebenzi Harnoncourt namhlanje ngenxa icwecwe lakhe. Inani labo Kunzima ukunika emgceni. Uninzi yelicwecwe kukhululwa kunye lomculo Concentus Musicus Wien, inkokeli ekuzibonakaliseni leyo ixesha umqhubi elide.

Harnoncourt ubuqambi bangamalungu namanqaku amaninzi musicological kupapashwa ezininzi iincwadi umculo ezidumileyo. Funda inqaku le umqhubi odumileyo banokuba encwadini "ababephila bam Bach, Mozart, Monteverdi," epapashwe Russian ngo-2005.

Kuba impumelelo angekahlawulwa vutshila uNikolaus Harnoncourt ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunikezelwa ngamabhaso ezidumileyo. Ngowe-1997, ukwenzela ukukhuthaza zakudala umculo umqhubi Robert Schumann- Prize yanikezelwa. Xa umsebenzi elandelayo Harnoncourt waphawula ibhaso "yeGrammy" yaye "Kyoto", kwakunye Leipzig Bach imbasa.

Ukulondolozwa art kunye nokufa

Harnoncourt owafunda ukuqhuba ukuya kwiminyaka engu. Kwiminyaka 85, wahlala esebenzayo, ezele amandla kunye nenkuthazo. imeko Excellent emzimbeni wamvumela ukuba ukumelana ishedyuli yekonsathi olunzulu kunye ingqalelo ngakwicala kwentatheli bathanda zobugcisa. Harnoncourt akazange uceba umhlala-phantsi, waba izicwangciso ezininzi ngekamva. Kodwa ubudala wathabatha bakhe, yaye ngoDisemba 15, 2015 Umqhubi wenza ingxelo ezisemthethweni kugqitywe umsebenzi wakhe. Isizathu sokuba isigqibo engalindelekanga esinjalo kwabaninzi ngokonakala impilo yakhe ngenxa yokugula kakhulu.

Harnoncourt wafa Matshi 5, 2016 kwidolophu Austria of St. Georgen im Attergau. Kule mizuzu yokugqibela yobomi bakhe kunye naye nomfazi wakhe, abantwana kunye nabazukulwana. umqhubi Omkhulu yimvumi, uye wahlala iminyaka 86. ethandwa Harnoncourt yaba likhulu kakhulu ehlabathini, ukuze ngokufa kwakhe lwengxelo zonke iindlela eziphambili zikamabonwakude, izikhululo zikanomathotholo kunye namaphephandaba zehlabathi. Intliziyo ngumbhexeshi obalaseleyo bayeka ukumbetha, kodwa umculo yakhe iya kuhlala ngonaphakade erekhodiweyo, leyo izizukulwana ezizayo ukonwabela ubuhle umculo weklasiki wokupasa yokwenene.