Umxholo kunye neNkcazo yamaLungelo ePropati

Ingqiqo kunye nomxholo welilungelo lepropathi libonisa ubunzima bokuqonda xa kuqwalaselwa kwinkqubo yamalungelo oluntu njengento (ikhuselwe kwamanye amashishini) kwaye inika umnikazi wayo amandla amaninzi ngokubanzi kwizinto eziphathekayo kwezoqoqosho .

Enye yeempawu eziphambili zamalungelo epropati kukuba kuthathwa njengelungelo eliphantsi . Inika umntu onikwe amandla ithuba lokuziphatha ngokubhekiselele kwisifundo somthetho ngendlela ethile ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yomthetho.

Ilungelo lobunikazi lihambelana nokunyanzela ukuba bonke abathintekayo bangabandakanyeli kwezobudlelwane bomnini kunye nepropati yakhe kwaye akukho nto iyakwenza ukuba umnini asebenzise ilungelo lakhe.

Umxholo kunye nomxholo welungelo lobunini umisela ukunikezelwa kumnini-lungelo ukuba aqonde uhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwepropati apho eli lungelo liyakwandisa khona, lisebenzise ukubusa kwezoqoqosho phezu kwalo kwaye vumela abanye ukuba basebenzise ngokwengqiqo.

Ingqiqo kunye nomxholo welungelo lobunikazi kubonisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba umnini-lungelo asebenzise kwaye alahle impahla yakhe kwaye ngokuhambelana neminqweno yakhe kwipropati yakhe, ngelixa ecinga ingozi kunye noxanduva lokugcinwa kwayo.

Umnini wepropati uyaziqonda ilungelo lakhe ngolu hlobo njengelifa, ukulahlwa kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Amandla obunini yithuba elinyanzeliswe ngokusemthethweni lokuba nepropati ngokwenene (ezoqoqosho).

Amandla okusebenzisa ukukwazi ukusebenzisa kwiinjongo zoqoqosho, ukuxhaphaza ipropati, ukukhupha izakhiwo ezincedo kuyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwepropati kwinani lamatyala kuhambelana ngqo nobunini bepropati, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba isebenzise ipropati, njengomthetho, kuphela ephethe yona.

Amandla alo myalelo agxininisa ithuba lokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo into ezayo yento ngokutshintsha ukubandakanya, injongo okanye imeko (ukutshatyalaliswa, umnikelo, ilifa, ukuthengiswa phantsi kwesivumelwano, njl.).

Umxholo kunye nomxholo wamalungelo epropati usekelwe kwingcamango yomhlaba. Ingaba kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zepropati (abucala, urhulumente, kamasipala). Ipropati yombuso ihlukaniswe kwipropati yomhlaba kunye nepropati yezifundo ezithile ze-Federation.

Ipropati karhulumente eRashiya yipropati ephantsi kwezifundo ze-Federation: indawo, ii-republic, izixeko, imimandla, izithili. Oku kubandakanya umxholo wobunini bomhlaba . Nawuphi na umhlaba kunye nemithombo yendalo engazange ibe yipropati yabucala yabemi, amashishini kamasipala okanye imibutho esemthethweni ithathwa njengepropati yombuso. Umhlaba wepropati ngumhlaba owamkelwa njengalo mthetho ngumthetho; Ubunini obunikwe urhulumente xa uhlengahlengiswa kwipropati yomhlaba kwilizwe; Yiyiphi iRussia Federation eyayifumana ngokwemigaqo yomthetho.

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezifundo kunye nezinto zobunikazi . Izifundo zale lungelo zinabanikazi bepropati - nabani na abantu, amashishini omthetho (ngaphandle kwemibutho yamanyeneyo kunye namaziko axhaswa ngabanikazi), amaziko kamasipala kunye namaziko.

Izinto zobunini zingaba yintropati yezakhiwo, izakhiwo, amaqumrhu, izakhiwo zeemayini, izixhobo, umhlaba, izixhobo, izakhiwo, imali, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, izibambiso, nayiphi na impahla yabathengi, imveliso, inkcubeko, intlalontle kunye nezinye iinjongo, iimveliso zokusebenza okanye zokusebenza ngengqondo.