Umbono Modern computer. Imisebenzi kunye nobuchwepheshe mbono computer. SoLungiselelo lwe-Computer Umbono in Python

Indlela yokufundisa ikhompyutha ukuqonda oko kuboniswe kumfanekiso okanye imifanekiso? Oku kubonakala kulula, kodwa ikhompyutha oku nje matrix eliquka amaqanda ukusuka apho ufuna ukuze ufumane ulwazi olubalulekileyo.

Yintoni na umbono computer? Yeyona ubuchule 'ukubona "ikhompyutha yakho

Umbono - ngowona mthombo obalulekileyo ulwazi umntu osebenzisa ngayo, siye sifumane, ngokutsho uqikelelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka kuma-70 ukuya kwi-90% yazo zonke iinkcukacha. Kakade ke, ukuba sifuna ukwenza imoto smart, kufuneka ekuphumezeni izakhono efanayo kunye nekhompyutha.

Ingxaki umbono computer kokuba kuchazwe kakhulu ngokucacileyo. Yintoni "bona"? Kuyaqondakala ukuba apho nje kukho ngokubheka. Oko waqukumbela somahluko umbono ikhompyutha kunye nombono yabantu. Umbono kuthi - kuba ngumthombo wolwazi malunga ihlabathi, kwakunye umthombo wolwazi metric - oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukuqonda amabanga nobukhulu.

image kernel kwisemantiki

Ujonge lo mfanekiso, sinako ukuchaza oko eziliqela iimpawu, ngoko ukuthetha, ukuze ufumane ulwazi lwesemantiki.

Ngokomzekelo, ujonge lo mfanekiso, singatsho ukuba phandle. Yintoni traffic umzi. Ukuba kukho iimoto. sinako ndiyaqonda ukuba izakhiwo mpuma Asia Uqwalaselo kunye nabalinganiswa. ukuqonda umlando Mao Zedong ukuba lo eBeijing, yaye ukuba nabani wabona ividiyo okanye waba khona, ngaba ndiyaqonda ukuba lo nguye odumileyo Tiananmen Square.

Oko ke kuthi ngakumbi lo mfanekiso, ekubona? Sinako ukuchonga izinto umfanekiso, ukuba bathi, ukuba kukho abantu apha kufutshane - kocingo. Apha yamaHindu, iiposta sesakhiwo. Le yimizekelo iiklasi na izinto ezibalulekileyo kakhulu, nto leyo bekwi khangela mzuzu.

Sekunjalo sinako ukufunda ezinye iimpawu okanye iimpawu zezinto. Ngokomzekelo, apha sikwazi ukuba oku umzobo Chinese eziqhelekileyo, oko kukuthi, Mao Zedong.

Ngokutsho kwesithuthi kumiselwa ukuba into ihamba, yaye kunzima, loo nto gqitha ngexesha intshukumo. Malunga iindwe kuthiwe ukuba izinto, nabo kuzinambuzane, kodwa bengengabo nzima, sasala rhoqo. Kwaye kule ndawo kukho umoya, leyo imiselwe ngokuphuhlisa seeflegi, kwaye nokuba ukufumanisa indlela yomoya, umzekelo, kuba uvuthuza ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene.

Imigama kunye nobude embonweni computer

kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ulwazi metric malunga nenzululwazi mbono khompyutha. Oku zonke iintlobo imigama. Umzekelo, kuba njengesibhadubhadu kubaluleke ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuba amaqela zivela Umhlaba malunga nemizuzu engama-20 uze uphendule kakhulu. Ngako oko, le linki apho umva - imizuzu engama-40. Ukuba senza isicwangciso imiyalelo ngentshukumo zoMhlaba, kufuneka zikuthathele ingqalelo oku ingqalelo.

ihlanganiswe impumelelo netheknoloji umbono computer ivideo imidlalo. Ngokutsho nevidiyo, ungakha imifuziselo-ntathu izinto, abantu, kunye iifoto umsebenzisi unako ukubuyisela imifuziselo-ntathu kwizixeko. Kwaye ngoko nihambe kuwo.

umbono computer - uluhlu kunokuba olubanzi. Kuye ngokusondeleyo edibene nezinye izifundo zesayensi ezahlukeneyo. Inxenye yombono computer It idlulisela indawo processing image kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yabela umbono ikhompyutha, ngokwembali.

Uhlalutyo, ipateni ukuqondwa - umendo ekudalweni sezobuntlola ophezulu

Makhe sihlolisise ezi ngongoma ngokwahlukeneyo.

Processing Image - oku ngummandla algorithms, apho igalelo kunye neziphumo - umfanekiso, kwaye kufuneka ukuba wenze into ethile.

Uhlalutyo umfanekiso - yi ariya umbono computer, ogxininisa ukusebenza kunye nomfanekiso emacala mabini kunye nokwenza izigqibo koku.

Pattern Recognition - isiyalo yezibalo abstract eqaphela data ngohlobo zithwala. Oko kukuthi, ekungeneni - wesangqa kwaye sinento yokwenza nayo. Apho kumda wesangqa, asiyi zibaluleke kangaka ukwazi.

umbono Computer - soqobo yaba ukubuyisela isakhiwo imifanekiso emacala-mabini. Namhlanje le ndawo iye ibanzi kwaye ukuchazwa ukwamkela zonke izinto eziphathekayo ngokwenza, esekelwe kumfanekiso. Oko kukuthi, ngumsebenzi sezobuntlola ngumntu.

Ngaxeshanye kunye nombono yekhompyutha kwintsimi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, xa geodesy, photogrammetry uye savela - yokukala umgama phakathi izinto imifanekiso into emacala-mabini.

Robots 'simbone'

Kwaye ekugqibeleni - oku umbono matshini. Phantsi umbono umatshini ithetha umbono iirobhothi. Oko kuxhomekeke kwisigqibo ezinye iingxaki zemveliso. Esinokubangela ukuba uthi umbono ikhompyutha - isayensi enye enkulu. Luhlanganisa nabanye inxalenye yezenzululwazi. Kwaye xa umbono computer ifumana nasiphi na isicelo esithile, nokuba litshatshazi, laba umbono kumatshini.

kummandla mbono computer enobunzima izicelo ezisebenzayo. It linxulunyaniswa matshini kwimveliso. Xa amashishini kakuhle kakhulu ukubuyisela umsebenzi wezandla ngomatshini. Lo matshini ke ningadinwa, hayi ulele, waba ishedyuli yomsebenzi mgaqweni yena, ukulungele ukusebenza iintsuku ezingama-365 ngonyaka. Ngoko ke, esebenzisa umsebenzi umatshini, singafumana yoko isiqinisekiso ngexesha elithile, kwaye kakhulu umdla. Yonke imisebenzi babe ukusetyenziswa ecacileyo iinkqubo umbono computer. Kwaye akukho nto ilunge ngaphezu ukubona iziphumo nangoko kumfanekiso kuphela kubalo bakala.

Embundwini womnyango wendlu ihlabathi basemoyeni

Plus le ndawo - kunzima! Inxalenye ebalulekileyo zobuchopho onoxanduva umbono, yaye kukholelwa ukuba xa ufundisa khompyutha yakho "bona", oko kukuthi, umbono ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha, yenye yeenjongo ingqondo epheleleyo ngumntu. Ukuba sinako ukusombulula ingxaki kwinqanaba yabantu, inokuba ngexesha elinye, siya ukusombulula ingxaki ka-AI. Oko kuhle kakhulu! Okanye elihle kakhulu, ukuba ukhangela, "terminator 2".

Kutheni umbono - kunzima? Ngenxa umfanekiselo into efanayo ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kakhulu ezintweni ezingaphandle. Kuxhomekeka into leendawo mkhanya khangela ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokomzekelo, omnye kwaye isibalo esifanayo, ezithatyathwe kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye yintoni eyona umdla kulo mzobo babe unaliso linye, namehlo emibini enesiqingatha. Kwaye kuxhomekeke kwimeko (ukuba lo mfanekiso umntu ihempe ngamehlo ipeyintwe), iliso kunokuba ibe ngaphezulu ezimbini.

Le khompyutha nangoku akaqondi, kodwa "ubona"

Enye into eyenza kube nzima - yeyona zokukhanya. Imeko okufanayo ezahlukene uya kukhangela ezahlukeneyo. ubukhulu yinto zinokwahluka. Ngaphezu koko, izinto layo nayiphi na iklasi. njani na wena ngawe umntu ukuphakama kwakhe kangangeemitha ezi-2? Akukho nto. akhule kwaye abe 2.3 m, no-80 cm. Noko ke, njengoko kunye nezinye iintlobo zezinto, kukho izinto kwiklasi enye.

Ingakumbi izinto eziphilayo bangenele ezahlukahlukeneyo strains. Hair abantu, iimbaleki, izilwanyana. Jonga imifanekiso amahashe ezisebenzayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni isingci zabo nomsila nje akunakwenzeka. A izinto idlulela e mfanekiso? Ukuba Siphi umfanekiso ikhompyutha, nkqu umatshini kakhulu ezinamandla kufumana ubunzima ukunika isigqibo esifanelekileyo.

umbono olandelayo - ukuba loo engaqondakaliyo. Ezinye izinto, izilwanyana ukuzenza esingqongileyo, yaye ngobuchule. Kwaye ke amabala efanayo umbala. Noko ke, sibona kubo, nangona akusoloko ekude.

Enye ingxaki - intshukumo. Izinto e motion nanto baye deformation.

Uninzi izinto umahluko kakhulu. Apha, umzekelo, kule iifoto ezimbini ngezantsi neenjongo "esitulweni".

Kwaye kule ungakwazi ukuhlala. Kodwa ukuba ukufundisa ngomatshini, ezifana ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo imilo, umbala, izinto, yonke into into "uSihlalo" - kunzima kakhulu. Nguwo lo mngeni. Ukuhlanganisa iindlela umbono computer - kukufundisa umatshini ukuqonda, ukuhlalutya, ukucacisa.

Ukuhlanganiswa umbono computer kumaqonga ahlukeneyo

Ubunzima umbono computer baqala ukungena ngakumbi ngo-2001, xa wayedala ubuso tshin yokuqala. We wenza ababhali ezimbini: Viola, Jones. Yaba algorithm ngokwaneleyo lokuqala fast and eyiyo, esele wabonisa amandla iindlela machine yokufunda.

Ngoku umbono computer ngokwaneleyo izicelo ezitsha ngokoqobo - ukuqatshelwa ubuso babantu.

Kodwa ukuqaphela umntu njengoko kwi movie - kwigophe random, iimeko ezahlukeneyo Izibane - akunakwenzeka. Kodwa ukusombulula ingxaki, okanye enye into abantu ezahlukeneyo kunye ezahlukene okanye pose ezahlukeneyo, ezifana njengoko kwi ifoto kwi yokundwendwela, kusenokwenzeka ngezinga eliphezulu wokuzithemba.

a iimfuno ipaspoti ifoto kungenxa inkalo ubuchule ukuqondwa ubuso.

Umzekelo, ukuba unemouse yokundwendwela esingu, kwezinye izikhululo mihla, ungasebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo passport oluzenzekelayo.

ingxaki engekasonjululwa umbono computer - ukukwazi ukubona nayiphi na itekisi

Mhlawumbi umntu kusetyenziswa inkqubo OCR. Enye yezi - Reader Fine, zithandwa kakhulu kwinkqubo RuNet. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi apho ngokugqibezela data, ukuba ziskenwe ngokugqibeleleyo, ulwazi ayamkelwa yisistim kakuhle kakhulu. Kodwa nayiphi na itekisi emfanekisweni le meko zimbi kakhulu. Le ngxaki usekho engekasonjululwa.

Imidlalo ezibandakanya umbono ikhompyutha, bamba motion

indawo eyahlukileyo enkulu - kukudala iimodeli-ntathu kunye eshukumayo capture (leyo ukusebenza ngempumelelo imidlalo yekhompyutha). Inkqubo yokuqala, esebenzisa umbono yekhompyutha - inkqubo yentsebenziswano kunye nekhompyutha ngokusebenzisa izimbo zomzimba. Xa wadalwa ngayo ukuba izinto ezininzi ezivulekileyo.

I algorithm yenzelwe kakhulu nje, kodwa ukuba uqwalasele kwathabatha ukudala Umvelisi imifanekiso zokwenziwa of abantu ukuba bafumane kwesigidi imifanekiso. Supercomputer nabo ukuba bakhethe Ipharamitha algorithm, awusebenzeleyo ngoku isebenza kakuhle.

ukuba kukho imifanekiso million kunye ngeveki ixesha supercomputer axela ukuba ukudala algorithm use-12% ye umthamo iprosesa enye kwaye ivumela umntu ukuqonda imeko ngexesha lenene. Le nkqubo Microsoft Kinect (2010).

Khangela imifanekiso umxholo ikuvumela ukuba ulayishe iifoto kule nkqubo, kwaye ke iziphumo zalo ziya kunika zonke imifanekiso kunye nomxholo efanayo wenza angle efanayo.

Imizekelo mbono computer: mbini-ntathu kunye neemephu ezikumila kumacala mabini ngoku bazenzile ngawo. Iimephu iimoto navigation zicaciswa rhoqo ihlaziywe ngokungqinelana DVR.

Kukho uvimba weenkcukacha kunye ezigidi photos kwimibhalao. Ngokulanda umfanekiso kwi-database, uyakwazi ukubona apho senziwa, kunye nabanye umbono. Kakade ke, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni loo ndawo idumile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ngexesha elinye abakhenkethi wenza inani iifoto ndawo ziye khona.

robots yonke indawo

Robotics ngexesha lakalokunje, kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na indlela. Ngoku kukho izithuthi ukuba babe iikhamera ezizodwa ingqalelo abahambi ngeenyawo iimpawu zendlela ukuze adlulisele imiyalelo umqhubi (oku ngendlela inkqubo yekhompyutha ukujonga, inceda umqhubi). Kwaye kukho izithuthi automated ngokupheleleyo iirobhothi, kodwa azikwazi zithembele kuphela kwinkqubo yevidiyo ngekhamera ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isixa esikhulu solwazi olongezelelweyo.

ikhamera Modern - oku yi obscura analogu camera

Makhe sithethe umfanekiso wekhompyutha. cameras digital Modern zicwangciswe kumgaqo lwecamera obscura. Kuphela endaweni emngxunyeni ngalo ukukhanya engena umqadi kwaye kumntu udonga egumbini yaloo mmandla yesifundo, sibe nenkqubo ekhethekileyo enombala ebizwa lens. into yawo ukuqokelela umqadi ube ukukhanya enkulu siguqulwa ngayo ukuze bonke ray wadlula ingongoma virtual ukuze afumane ngeprojektha kwaye zenze umfanekiso kwi ifilimu okanye matrix.

cameras Modern digital (matrix) ubunjwe izinto ngamnye - pixels. pixel nganye sokukala amandla kukhanya isehlo kwi lilonke pixel, kwaye ikhuphe inani elinye. Ngoko ke, xa kwicamera yesuntswana, sifumana endaweni yomfanekiso yobumhlophe imilinganiselo emiselweyo ukukhanya, ezibanjiswa pixel enye - computer entsimini umbono. Ngoko ke, xa umfanekiso sibona akukho imigca kunye yakhiwe ecacileyo, kunye Igridi zezikwere ezinemibala ngemibala eyahlukileyo elibaleka - pixels.

Ezantsi ubona umfanekiso yokuqala digital ehlabathini.

Kodwa kulo mfanekiso akunjalo? Umbala. Yintoni umbala?

Umbono Psychological umbala

Umbala - le nto sibona. Umbala enye into enye ukuba abantu kunye neekati ziya kwahluka. Ekubeni (abantu) kunye nenkqubo enombala isilwanyana - umbono ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, umbala - ukuba umgangatho nangokwasengqondweni umbono wethu ukuba kwenzeka xa wabona izinto kunye nokukhanya. Yaye ipropati ebonakalayo yenjongosenzi kunye nokukhanya. Umbala - kusisiphumo impefumlelwano components ukukhanya, kwaye kwindawo kwinkqubo yethu ebonakalayo.

SoLungiselelo lwe-Computer Umbono e Python usebenzisa iilayibrari

Ukuba uthe wagqiba ukuba azibandakanye nzulu kolu phando kombono yekhompyutha, kufuneka alungiselele ngoko nangoko ukuba inani kobunzima, le inzululwazi ayikho ndlela ilula kwaye ifihle eziliqela imigibe. Kodwa "Programming Computer Vision kwi Python" zabhalwa Jan Erik Solema - incwadi ichaza lonke lwimi olulula. Apha uya baqhelane neendlela ingqalelo izinto ezahlukeneyo e-3D, funda ukusebenza kunye nomfanekiso stereo, ekhoyo virtual kunye nezinye izicelo ezininzi umbono computer. Kwincwadi yimizekelo eyaneleyo Python. Kodwa ke ingcaciso zichaziwe, ngoko ukuthetha, ngokubanzi, ukuze ukuzithwalisa imithwalo uphando kakhulu kunye data nzima. Sebenza ezifanele abafundi, amateurs, kunye midlalo. Zikhuphelele le ncwadi kunye nabanye malunga nombono khompyutha (pdf-format) ingaba kwi network.

Okwangoku, kukho open source Library algorithms mbono ikhompyutha processing image kanye ubuchule ngamanani OpenCV. Oku kuphunyezwa ezininzi iilwimi lwenkqubo mihla, umthombo evulelekileyo. Xa sincokola ngayo umbono khompyutha, Python usebenzisa njenge ulwimi lokuprograma, iye kwakhona inkxaso elayibrari, ukongeza, ukuba ivela kwaye noluntu enkulu.

Inkampani "Microsoft" libonelela ngeenkonzo zalo Api-nako ukuqeqesha kwenethiwekhi ukusebenza kunye imifanekiso yabantu. Kukho kwakhona ithuba lokuba isicelo umbono khompyutha, Python usebenzisa njenge ulwimi lokuprograma.