Ukumka Syncopal: imiqondiso, zoncedo lokuqala

Unobangela kakhulu rhoqo ukufa kurhaxwa indalo. Olusemngciphekweni nje abo azikwazi kudada, kodwa abantu zikwimeko lokuqonda oluguqulweyo, kwakunye nabantwana umphakathi.

lwesigama

Ngokutsho ulungiso ukumka yakutshanje - inkqubo ekhokelela umonakalo iphecana sokuphefumla ngenxa yobukho kwixesha eliphakathi engamanzi. Ekuqaleni le nkcazelo iyalila ukufa ngamanzi (okanye kwezinye izinto ezimanzi) kwi yomoya nemiphunga. Kodwa akwanelanga echanileyo.

Ukuqulunqwa yanamhlanje ithetha ukuba ulwelo luba asisithintelo ukungena umoya yomoya. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba abantu bafe. Enoba kunjalo, iya kuthathwa njengento waterboarding.

iintlobo ukumka

Zininzi iintlobo eyodwa ukumka namanzi, kuxhomekeke indlela le nkqubo:

1. True (manzi), eyaziwa ngokuba sokufunxa - kwenzeka xa imiphunga okanye yomoya zizaliswe yindyebo iziselo. Ngokuqhelekileyo eyenzekayo xa abantu ethingaza iinzame lokugqibela.
2. Asiyonyani (eyomileyo), ukumka namanzi okanye asphyxial - kwenzeka ngenxa spasm glottis reflex. Kulo mzekelo, kwanawo emoyeni okanye ulwelo Asingeni imiphunga kunye umntu uyafa ukutsarhwa.
3. Syncope ukumka - kwenzeka ngamanzi abandayo. Yenza spasm reflex kwemithambo kunye nokungaphumeleli intliziyo. Ukufa emanzini, enyanisweni, akunanto yakwenza ulwelo okungena iphecana sokuphefumla emva kukwazi ezantsi ngamaxhoba.
4. Mixed - luphawulwa ubukho iintlobo ezininzi iimpawu warhaxwa.

Izinto ezibangela ukumka

Ubukhulu becala orhaxwa kwenzeka ngenxa ukuhlamba abangakhathalelwanga imithetho yokuziphatha emanzini, ezifana 'ukuba ukuqubha ukuba buoys, "" Musa ukuqubha xa amachibi kunye ezantsi ayaziwa, "" Musa ukuqubha xa kukho isiphango. " Ukongezelela, abantu abangakwaziyo ukuqubha, kwaye ngesiquphe kweyela amanzi anzongonzongo kakhulu, aqalile ukuba ulwe, ngokukhawuleza bachithe amandla kunye nomoya, yaye ngaloo ndlela kukhawuleziswe yehle zabo.

zizifo Scuba kunye nabalandeli diving amaninzi akakwazi ngokuchanekileyo ukubala ixesha kurhaxwa, okanye bahlasele iqala bend nezinyuko ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Okubaluleke ezithile izinto ezifana ubukho seengxangxasi kunye whirlpools, imisinga enamandla okanye ezantsi ezinodaka.

Le indlela abami

Ukufa ke amanzi zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini: amanzi kunye ndifuze, ngenxa yezinto reactions zophendlo lwezifo ziya kwahluka. amanzi ngokusebenzisa iindonga alveoli yangena egazini kwaye dilutes kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, umthamo ukwanda ngokukhawuleza elijikeleza ulwelo (BCC), kwandisa umthwalo entliziyweni, kwaye oku kukhokelela ukuya stop yayo. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuba amanzi acocekileyo yi hemolysis (intshabalalo) of erythrocytes. A ebeleni umzimba kwandisa isixa ezamahala yibilirubin, ihemoglobin kunye potassium. Kidney abakwazi ukumelana umthwalo onjalo kwaye kungaphumeleli.

Kurhaxwa amanzi anetyuwa, ngokuchaseneyo, kukhokelela amahlwili egazi, kwaye ngenxa yoko - thrombogenicity linyukile. Amaninzi, zokuma kungenxa thrombosis kwemithambo yenhliziyo. Syncope mechanism ukumka reflex akukho edibene izimbiwa ukwakhiwa elulwelo, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwithempritsha yayo kunye neemeko apho loo mntu emanzini (umz, ngenxeba ebukhali ekuweni).

nexesha elibalulekileyo

Xa ukumka eyinyaniso zamanzi kwixesha emithathu clinical:

1. Ekuqaleni, ngexesha apho ixhoba usenakho ukubamba umoya wakho. Ukuba umntu ngaphandle ngeli xesha, oko ngeke aphendule ngokufanelekileyo kulo meko, nesikhumba yangaphakathi cyanotic yakhe, ukuphefumla ekhawulezileyo, nzulu, nengxolo. Mhlawumbi isikhohlela. uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luthathelwa hypotension kunye bradycardia. Nesisu ingaba isixa esikhulu samanzi, ngenxa yale ukugabha kunokwenzeka. Umntu udla kwakhona ngokukhawuleza emva kweso sehlo.
2. ixesha Agonistic luphawulwa yi kukuba ixhoba zingqondweni. Nangoku sele nokubetha kwentliziyo nokuphefumla, umsebenzi kwezihlunu kodwa kucinywa. Ulusu cyanotic yaye kubanda. Kweli nqanaba uza nokudumba yemiphunga, kwaye umlomo izenzo amagwebu ashinyeneyo epinki.
3. ukufa lwezonyango ibukeka eyahlukileyo akukho ukusuka kwixesha agonistic. Le ndoda engashukumi, ubume ayikho nokuba imithambo ezinkulu, zokuma kwenzeka. Abafundi ukuba inimba, ngaphandle sokusabela ukukhanya. Ukuba kume umntu ephuma emanzini ngeli nqanaba, i CPR akunakwenzeka ukuba baphumelele.

iimpawu

Nangona umntu nangoku emanzini, sinako ukuqonda iimpawu ukumka ilandelayo:

• indawo uphawu intloko xa kuthelekiswa emzimbeni (ukuba ixhoba ulele emqolo, waphoswa intloko emva, ngokungathi kwi esiswini sakhe - intloko egxile ngokupheleleyo emanzini);
• amehlo ivaliwe nefihlakeleyo phantsi beendevu;
• ukuze ntu;
• umntu wenza amalinge ukuze sibhukuqe.

Kuba asfekticheskogo uphazamisa ephawuleka kukunxila okanye ukwenzakala entloko. Imifino kunqabile arrhythmic, ubonwe kuphela kwiinqanawa ezinkulu. Lower iphecana yokuphefumla, ecocekileyo ngokubanzi, kwaye ziqulathe ngemali encinane ulwelo. Ukufa kwenzeka phakathi kwemizuzu ezine ukuya kwezintlanu. Bazamile laryngospasm kunye livimbela clenching.

ukumka Syncopal kungenzeka nokuba imali encinane amanzi. Kulo mzekelo, ukufa lwezonyango iza ngokukhawuleza. isikhumba ngombala syncopal kurhaxwa libunile kakhulu, abafundi musa modem ekukhanyeni, liphuhlisa "ice kukothuka".

ukuhlolwa lonyango Forensic

ukumka Syncopal kushiya iimpawu iimpawu, oko kuza kujongwa yotyando kwi kwiziko loviwo lonyango lwasenkundleni. Phakathi kwezinye izinto yokunwenwa ukufa ngokukhawuleza yenzekile, ezifana esiqaqambileyo oluhlaza iphalale amabala isidumbu, igazi ulwelo kwi nemingxuma zentliziyo kunye nempahla enkulu, kwakunye nokungabikho amagwebu opinki-resistant ngomlomo.

Ukongeza, xa ulwelo ukumka yenene ibonakele kwinxalenye yesiphelo ye kwimibhobho inyumoniya kunye ithambo sphenoid ye lukakayi, imiphunga ezo olunyuswe, ukuba imbambo wachukumiseka ukopha phantsi pleura. Kwizidalwa ndihlala umzimba ngamanzi; aliyi kufunyanwa kuphela esiswini kunye nemiphunga, kodwa kwezinye izigqeba, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba efika apho egazini.

Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba ukujonga imiqondiso isidumbu ukuba ngamanzi: eluswini libunile, shrunken kwi iintupha (babizwa ngokuba "laundresses izandla" ..), nangenxa ephole elide kwi kulwelo ukuze slazit kunye ngezikhonkwane ukuze uhlobo iiglavu. Ubukho zesanti, intlenga kwakunye nezityalo phezu isambatho iinwele ixhoba, kakhulu, icebisa ukuba umzimba wayeloba ephuma emanzini.

Okukhona umzimba emanzini, ezinzima kakhulu ukufumanisa unobangela wokufa, kodwa ukuba unayo nayiphi na ukwenzakala, ngoko eziphila elwandle ngokukhawuleza ufumana ukuya isidumbu, yaye zingonakalisa iintsalela ukuba kangangokuba bonke ubungqina ziya kutshatyalaliswa.

Algorithm zonxunguphalo

Le mithetho minye zonke iintlobo uncedo kumaxhoba emanzini. Emergency Care ukumka i algorithm yokulandelelana yezenzo, nto leyo eya kukunceda ukuba wenze izigqibo ngokukhawuleza likaxakeka.

Okokuqala, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ubomi umsindisi ayikho ingozi. Oku kubalulekile, kuba inzuzo usindiso kufuneka libelikulu ezinokuba yingozi. Ixhoba liyasuswa emanzini. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo, njengoko umntu abe ukwaphuka yomqolo, kwaye ke ngoko, kufuneka ukuba ihanjiswa ukusuka kwindawo dami ebhodini okanye ibhodi.

Okwesibini, vula nomonde ukuze wahlala phezu kwakhe wekhusi isisu idolo, kodwa kuphela phantsi komqathango ukuba akukhange kubekho ngaphezulu ezintathu ukusuka kwixesha ukumka - imizuzu emihlanu. Ukuba ngexesha ngumntu ubambisa asikhuphe echibini elide iye zingqondweni, kufuneka ngoko nangoko uqale bazamile. Coca kwisisu ngomlomo ukuba ukungena komoya engcono. Kweli nqanaba, qiniseka ukuba ukufowunela inqwelo yezigulana.

In inyathelo wesithathu, ukuqala ukumka zoncedo lokuqala - kufuneka ukukhangela abafundi, ukubetha, ubukho ukuphefumla. Ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke ezi mpawu zingasentla azifumaneki, kufuneka uqale CPR. Qhubeka efutha intliziyo kwaye ziphefumla emoyeni nje ufika yalila ambulensi. Ukuba akubonakali ngathi uphefumla zidityaniswe, oko unako ukusindisa ubomi achaphazelekayo.

Nceda uphazamisa emva nokubuyisela ukuphefumla, izinga lentliziyo kunye nokuziqonda uyafudumala nolawulo lwabantu kwezalathisi ubomi. Ngaphambi kokuba eze amagqirha abachaphazelekayo, ngelishwa, kunokwenzeka akusekho ukwenza nayiphi na into.

unyango

Ngobuciko ukunika uncedo olungxamisekileyo kuba ukumka kunokunceda oogqirha ukuba ukuzinzisa imeko ixhoba kwixesha elizayo. Xa ukuphefumla kulogo akukho awukabuyi, isigulane idluliselwa umoya lung ngumntu ikhutshwa uqhoqhoqho zococeko bronchi. therapy Drug kufuneka iquke ukuthintelwa nokudumba yemiphunga nezengekho ukusilela oyingozi sentliziyo. Ukuba kurhaxwa ngamanzi acocekileyo, ngoko amisele womchamo kunye namacandelo igazi, yaye kurhaxwa amanzi anetyuwa - saline kunye iswekile. Ukuba enze ulungiso yemeko acid-base. Emva amanyathelo engxamisekileyo zidla ezimiselweyo izifundo ezifutshane amachiza ukuthintela usulelo.