Ukhuphiswano kunye nokhuphiswano yovavanyo

Ukhuphiswano - le yindlela yophuhliso imveliso yorhwebo kunye nohlobo ukhuphiswano lweziqalelo zoqoqosho lokhetho yabathengi abantu ukuze afumane inzuzo. Kuguqulelwa "ukhuphiswano" lithetha "ubuso", yaye, njengoko kuluntu lwanamhlanje ukulawula umthamo kunye nezinga imveliso, ikhuthaza umlimi kuqaliswe phambili yenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa kunye nemveliso zanda.

Uphuhliso ukhuphiswano kunye nokuhlola kokhuphiswano kwamashishini uye waba kwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko imo yobungxowankulu wokufama. Ubudlelwane zongxowankulu apho zonke izithintelo ulwalathiso endleleni nentshukumo zabasebenzi, iimpahla, imali kunye nobudlelwane kwimarike yesizwe ukuvela kwimalike zehlabathi yaba kubulela ukuba ukuvela ukhuphiswano kuphela isusiwe.

Le ngamandla kangangoko ukhuphiswano kunye nokuhlolwa kokhuphiswano imveliso kwi kwimarike ithatha ngongoma zilandelayo njengoko injongo yomgaqo-nkqubo kule ndawo:

- Ulwamkelo ngokukhawuleza inkqubela lobugcisa kwimveliso yeempahla kunye neenkonzo, ebizwa njalo-nkqubo ezintsha phantsi koxinzelelo wokhuphiswano;

- lithathelwe bhetyebhetye kunye nokuguqulwa lwamashishini phantsi kwempembelelo ukuthambekela kwabathengi.

Ukuvavanywa kokhuphiswano imveliso okanye inkonzo, kunye nezinga ubunzulu kukhuphiswano emiselwe izinga inzuzo ilahleko inzuzo, oko kukuthi, xa ngayo ngokukhawuleza iindlela ezintsha zemveliso okhuphisana ukuyisebenzisa. Okokuqala, eli nani ixhomekeke ukusebenza kunye nesantya kweenkampani ezikhuphisanayo kunye abasabela ngayo Jump ezisemgangathweni kunye lweshishini nobuchwepheshe, ehamba phambili, kwakunye uthsintsho ebango.

Umgaqo olusisiseko khuphiswano ithi ukuba iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu kuphuhliso kukhuphiswano esempilweni abonakale, ukuba khuphiswano bubonakaliswe oligopoly 'ebanzi ". oligopoly "Nciphisa", nahamba individualization ngamandla iimpahla okanye iinkonzo, kunciphisa kakhulu amandla wokhuphiswano.

Kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo rhwebo, kukho ingozi yokuba nokuphetshwa nxaxheba ukhuphiswano ukusuka imingcipheko mandatory nemigangatho ngokusondeleyo yimiqathango kukhuphiswano simahla, kwaye ke ayikwazi ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo echanileyo okhuphiswano yenkampani. Ukwenzela ukuphepha iindlela ezingalunganga kukhuphiswano (leyelenqe kumaxabiso, axelise iimpawu, njalo njalo), uRhulumente uya kukhupha imimiselo elawula imimiselo ukhuphiswano. Le Mimiselo ibonelela:

- umgangatho imveliso;

- ubukho nje kukhuphiswano;

- indawo ixabiso nomgangatho kweempahla okanye neenkonzo kujoliswe wokhuphiswano;

- ukulingana yexabiso inkonzo kwezinye ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano;

- ukufumaneka lokuthengiswa, leyo akhuselwe ngumthetho yaye ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kwemveliso ;

- ukuthintela kwixesha patent (engama-20).

Ukuze kuvavanywa ukhuphiswano lweshishini okanye inkampani, kuyimfuneko ukuba le khosi kolu khuphiswano elukholweni iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ezilungileyo ukhuphiswano, ukongeza njengoko siyazi, kukho leyo, ngaphantsi kwe ezisemthethweni, ebizwa ayinabulungisa.

Iindlela of abakhuphisana ziquka zaseMelika mveliso (kwakhona noqoqosho); ukunyoba ihlebo lakhe; ngomgunyathi iimveliso okhuphisana; ingxelo ubuqhetseba; ubuqhetseba umthengi; lokufihla iintsilelo iimpahla; njl Ukongeza iindlela ezingalunganga ukhuphiswano, apho ukulinganisela lokwenyaniso okhuphiswano ayinako wenziwe, usebenza zaseMelika lwenzululwazi nobugcisa. Njengoko iyaziwa, njengomthombo yenzuzo ibe kuphela uphuhliso, leyo aya kuzalisekiswa ku umkhuba, oko kukuthi, ukuba fyabo lobunzululwazi nobugcisa okanye ingcinga iya kuphunyezwa ekuvelisweni imveliso ethile okanye ubuchwepheshe obutsha.