Uhlalutyo ukhuphiswano lweshishini. nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Competition (sisuka kwigama elithi "soncurre" Latin, elithetha "ubuso") - ukhuphiswano lwamaqumrhu kwezoqoqosho ezizimeleyo kwisigaba ngayo kwimarike ukuthengiswa kunye nezibonelelo zoqoqosho. Ukhuphiswano, ngokulandelelana, na ubuchule kunye nokukwazi kwiinkampani, amashishini, iimveliso kukhuphisana kubaxumi, ukuma kwi iphiramidi kwezoqoqosho, njl - kuxhomekeke kudidi unit kwezoqoqosho. Uhlalutyo kokhuphiswano imveliso yenza kube lula ukubona ubuthathaka kunye namandla iinkampani ezikhuphisanayo, nokuphucula ukhuphiswano iimveliso zabo kukuphucula umgangatho wabo, intshayelelo iindlela ezintsha kunye technologies.

Uhlalutyo ukhuphiswano lweshishini ibonisa ukuba umgangatho wokhuphiswano uxhomekeke ngqo kwi iqondo inkxaso uyakwazi ukufumana ukusuka kurhulumente ngohlobo mboleko, i-inshorensi, ukuxolelwa evela ezinye iirhafu, ngokubonelela mali, enika iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo iimeko zemarike, njl malunga Ngokwemiqathango inkxaso yokuphucula ukhuphiswano umenzi yi imisebenzi lwamashishini karhulumente iyakwenziwa ngomlinganiselo wesizwe, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko jikelele, yaye ngokuhambelana iingxaki kumenzi okhoyo.

Kukho izinto ezifana "ukhuphiswano ukufezeka" nelithi "ukhuphiswano abangafezekanga". ukhuphiswano Perfect i imeko apho kukho eninzi impahla yokurhweba kwabathengi kunye nabavelisi; abathengisi (abalimi) ziyathandwa inxalenye encinane emarikeni ukuze akanakuxelela ngokwemiqathango kwabanye. ukhuphiswano abangafezekanga kuthetha umahluko omkhulu zamanani phakathi kwabathengi kunye nabavelisi (ezithile ezincinane, abanye eninzi); kukhuphiswano enjalo kwimeko a ukucinezela nabanye abavelisi, kunye nokususwa kwabo.

Elibonakaliswe ukhuphiswano abangafezekanga kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo: njengoko esinakho (ukhuphiswano bodwa) kunye oligopoly. Abadla bodwa - ubunini, apho ubunini nantoni kunqulwe kwisifundo esinye (into) okanye iqela labantu: ilungelo ukuvelisa, intengiso, ukuthenga nayiphi na impahla okanye imveliso. Waqonda ngokubeka amaxabiso, kuphela aphezulu okanye asezantsi. Ngenxa umthetho, kukho intlangano anti-trust. Oligopoly - uhlobo imarike kwezoqoqosho apho phezu kolu shishino naluphi na uhlobo imveliso hayi alawulwa ngokuqinileyo mnye, kunye ezimbalwa (idla ngokuba nxaxheba-3 okanye ngaphezulu).

Injongo yale nayiphi khuphiswano - selebambe esingcono emarikeni kakhulu kwiimveliso zabo.

Uhlalutyo ukhuphiswano lweshishini ixhomekeke ukhuphiswano yemveliso, nto leyo ukukwazi layo ukuba ivelele kwiimveliso ezifanayo, kwaye kufuneka unikezele ngemali kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo. Ukhuphiswano iimpahla ixhomekeke zizinto ezifana nemisebenzi yemveliso lwamashishini, ukusebenza kwe-Bureau of abayili, imisebenzi yemibutho angaphandle ababandakanyekayo ekuthengisweni kweempahla kwiimarike zangaphandle, njl Kuyimfuneko ukuba uthathe ingqalelo ubudlelwane phakathi kokhuphiswano iimpahla kunye nomgangatho wayo kwaye inqanaba lobuchule (nangona la magama akukho elinganayo).

imveliso nganye izigaba ezininzi ubukho balo, nto leyo ngokwalo ubona "umjikelo wobomi imveliso curve." Isigaba sokuqala - intshayelelo, omnye maxesha kakhulu ibiza apho umenzi kufuneka baqinisekise umboleki ukuba imveliso - into iluncedo ngokorhwebo. Ngaphezu koko, isigaba ukukhula, ngexesha apho imfuno imveliso ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ke ekugqibeleni, isigaba ukuqola, xa imfuno impahla iye lalonyukile kwaye ngoku nokwehla kancinane. Ukugqiba linqanam kwexesha ukuguga, xa imfuno yeempahla uyawa kwaye ngenxa yoko kuza ababhangayo. Kubalwe ngokuchanekileyo lomjikelo wobomi imveliso kunceda ukuvavanya ukhuphiswano imveliso ekuhambeni kwexesha, elikuvumela ukuba wenze izigqibo eziyimfuneko ukuze iindleko ezingeyomfuneko, kwakunye ukuqikelela uphuhliso ngakumbi yemarike

.Analiz lweshishini ukhuphiswano kunye uhlahlelo kokhuphiswano iimveliso luphawu qualitative okanye ubungakanani impahla. A bemfuno enye ithathwa yesiphene inkulumbuso, umzekelo, ixabiso leempahla. bemfuno Complex naso sahlulwe kwiqela kunye ngokubanzi. criteria Group ziquka umgangatho, inqanaba lobuchule, umfanekiso, ixabiso, ngesifo sephepha, isiqulatho lolwazi le mveliso. bemfuno nolahlo ngokubanzi sithabathela ingqalelo imiba efana rating imveliso.

Xa rhwebo nga zizakujongwa njengo lweshishini kukhuphiswano (inkampani, uqinile), ixesha elide wexesha inzuzo. Uhlalutyo ukhuphiswano lweshishini kulo mzekelo iquka izikhombisi, nto leyo ukumisela ukhuphiswano yayo:

- isabelo kwiimarike zehlabathi kunye basekhaya;

- isixa-mali sengeniso net ngamnye umntu oqeshwe iimveliso;

- lilonke inani labantu abaqeshwe iimveliso;

- inani okhuphisana ezinkulu.