Traffic ukukhanya ngeenyawo: Iintlobo neefoto

Ingcamango ukufaka iirobhothi kwi ezimbombeni zezitalato ukuze ulawulo lwezithuthi loluka Londoner John Pico ukufumana. Xa umsebenzi ke uchwepheshe semaphore kaloliwe.

Sifunda izinto eziliqela yomlando

Okokuqala iirobhothi esele ilungisiwe efakwe nasezitratweni London ngo-1868. Amaza kulo luvulwa ngesandla nge iintolo ezimbini. Tye isikhundla sabo kwakuthetha "ukuyeka", kwi-engile degrees 45. - avumele iintshukumo ngenyameko. Ukuze Makangagocagoci phakathi imiqondiso semaphore ebumnyameni ebusuku esetyenziswa kunye itotshi igesi. Ukujikeleza, yena uba uhlaza okanye obomvu.

inkqubo oluzenzekelayo usuke uphawu irobhothi kokusungulwa kwaye elilodwa lomenzi eChicago ngo-1910. Emva kweminyaka embalwa, ngabaqhubi badibana izibane zokuqala yombane zendlela, izibane umqondiso kokuba eziqhelekileyo kuthi ngoku imibala eluhlaza kunye obomvu. Okuphoxayo kukuba, wayila akhoyo ngelo xesha akazange awodwa.

Ziziphi kwiirobhothi yokuqala

Ngokuthe ngcembe izitrato kwizixeko ezinkulu US (Cleveland, New York, Detroit) waqalisa ukufumana iirobhothi. Abaninzi kubo iimpawu ezimbini - ebomvu oluhlaza, laqalisa ngokukodwa wokongamela amapolisa, ehleli ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, eminqubeni kwiglasi.

Emva koko, ngo-1920 kwezoyilo zabo baza baqhutyelwa ukusebenzisa uphawu etyheli. EYurophu, kwiirobhothi yokuqala zithe zafakelwa e Paris, Hamburg kunye nemizi eNgilani. Design countdown wabonakala kuphela ngo-1998, kwenzeka oko eFransi.

Kwilizwe lethu, ukufakelwa iirobhothi wokuqala wawa phezu ekuqaleni banesifo zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Eyokuqala yasekwa iLeningrad ekudibaneni, ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba Nevsky kunye Liteiny Ithemba. Kwathi ekuqaleni kuka-1930. Malunga nonyaka kamva kaloku Umzekelo yokuqala irobhothi e Moscow, ekuhlanganeni kweendlela i Kuznetsk kwebhulorho kunye st. Petrovka.

Indima iirobhothi ukuba izithuthi lwangoku

Namhlanje, izithuthi phezu kweendlela akunakwenzeka ngaphandle yindlela enamandla yokucwangcisa kunye umbutho, njengoko iirobhothi. Eyona njongo iphambili nokwandisa umgangatho izithuthi zabo phezu kweendlela yaye ukuba bafikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko. signalization Traffic - esi sixhobo sibaluleke kakhulu ingqiqo yendlela jikelele, ezibandakanya amanyathelo kumbutho ngokupheleleyo ukwabiwa kwemali yendlela, ukhuseleko abahambi ngeenyawo nabakhweli zibhayisikile, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ezithile yomgudu.

Ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, ukuba ifakelwe kwiindawo apho kukho amathuba ephezulu yokwenzakala kwingozi, nto leyo ukunciphisa isixhobo hlengiso rhoqo. Kwakhona kwiimeko apho amanye amanyathelo (owalela setting nasekunqandeni isantya imiqondiso yendlela, izixhobo utshintsho ezingalawulwayo ukuba abahambi ngeenyawo) akusebenzi kakuhle ngokwaneleyo.

iirobhothi qho mandatory kuyimfuneko ukufaka kwiindawo apho kuvame uhlonipha ilungelo kuqala xa uqhuba ngokusebenzisa ekudibana kuzo. Kananjalo, apho intshukumo unalo ngesantya esiphezulu okanye elinamandla, xa ukubonakala luyacutheka neenzima nokumisela kuqala lilawula izalathiso, xa inxalenye yendlela okugqiba amandla aphantsi.

enye indima yazo

iirobhothi, ngaphandle, ukufezekisa iinjongo ezithile nokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, ekuthiwa wave eluhlaza kukuba ukuxhasa ukuhamba ngesantya kwezithuthi uniform, nokunciphisa inani zokumisa.

Ngesifuba amafutha ngaphantsi, ukukhutshwa zeemoto sinciphile isixa yengxolo evela isithuthi ihamba. Le nto ibalulekile kwakhona kwi kwizixeko ezinkulu ezitratweni kunye yezithuthi enzima. Izibane zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko beebhayisikile nabahambi ngeenyawo.

Into nje

Ngokutsho uhlobo nenjongo kukho iindlela ezininzi kangaka iirobhothi. Kukho ulungiso belukuyo utolo nangaphandle nemiqondiso ezimbini okanye ezintathu kukukhanya efakwe kwi zokunqumla okanye iindlela mjikelo. lo Zonke - iirobhothi. ukukhanya ngeenyawo amalungiselelo kuphela ukuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo kwabantu apha endleleni.

Eyona wokufika, iintlobo ngokubanzi ngabo - yesitalato yezithuthi. Abahamba yokuwela kunye iirobhothi kubonakala endleleni naliphi na ilizwe.

njani ukukhanya traffic

Njengoko waziwa, kwezoyilo kuba izithuthi ezo ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa zontathu imibala zemveli - eluhlaza, mthubi nabomvu. Xa ukukhanya zendlela nkqo, obomvu njalo phezulu, eluhlaza - ezantsi. Amalungiselelo tyaba bonke usele obomvu, ekunene - oluhlaza. Icandelo yemoto linikwa icandelo olongezelelweyo.

Yintoni injongo uphawu yellow? Kuba Road Traffic izibane oko kuthetha oku kulandelayo: indlela umgca stop ke akuvumelekanga, kodwa isantya yokuhamba kwisiza, iirobhothi, kufuneka ngokuyimfuneko lincitshiswe. Oko kukuthi, umqhubi kufuneka ilungiswe indlela yezithuthi izibane ushintshele ebomvu. Oluphawu kuluhlu yoyilo kunokuba eliorenji.

iintlobo zolawulo

ulawulo motion ngokusebenzisa iirobhothi nayo eyahlukileyo. Nokumiselwa rhoqo kulawulo yakhe phantsi ukutshintsha kwaye komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni ixesha lemini okanye usuku lweveki. Enye imbono - encomekayo. Kubalulekile ukuba elithile lixhomekeke ukuhamba kwezithuthi. Oku ukuguqula naliphi ulandelelwano okanye inani okanye ixesha lwemiqondiso utshintshayo sigaba.

Kwezinye iindlela zolawulo olwenziwayo uyakwazi ukutshintsha zontathu indicators. Imo ebizwa wave eluhlaza kunokwenzeka kuphela kumgaqo rhoqo okanye umahluko-ubude izigaba ukukhanya okulungisekayo.

Kwaye ntoni ebantwini?

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele non-zothutho - izibane ngeenyawo. Bona efakwe kwi ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni zokunqumla zabahambi ngeenyawo. Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba baxhotyiswa iimpawu ezimbini kuphela - amandla kunye ingasebenzi. Ngembonakalo, uyilo zisenokwahluka kancinane phakathi kwabo abantu. Eyona edumileyo light ngeenyawo - omile silhouettes zabantu - green (ukuhamba) kunye obomvu (emile).

Kwamanye amazwe, kusenokubakho neminye imiqondiso. Umzekelo, kwi-United States umqondiso ebomvu uvuka ngesandla. Maxa wambi, kunokuba wesundu okanye abantu kubonakala othi 'ukuma beqinile "yaye" yiya. " Kwizitrato Oslo ukuvala uphawu ngeenyawo ikhangeleka ngathi isibini omi ecaleni amanani abantu ebomvu.

Yonke ngokuntsokotha data kubonisa lula kubantu abangaboniyo okanye yimfama, into embi umbala-blind. Ngokufanayo, kumazwe amaninzi oko ngokubanzi isandi ngeenyawo Imiqondiso ukukhanya ziyaphindwa.

Makhe sithethe kuyilo yayo

Yintoni uyilo ukukhanya ngeenyawo? Kukho iinketho ezininzi. Omnye wabo - ngokusekelwe yale igqengezelayo okanye halogen. Abahamba irobhothi kulo mzekelo iquka kugqame isibane, filter, fresnel lens kunye nemibhalo olukhuselayo.

Abanye baba iirobhothi ngokubanzi ziyilelwe zisekelwe LED. Bona banamalungelo athile, ezizezi: a umbala oqaqambileyo, kungenzeka aphantsi ukukhanya. Ukongeza, ukuba ngaphantsi basengozini umonakalo - xa kuthe ngokwehluleka LED abanye loyilo kuhlala zisebenza.

Ngaphandle ezinjalo traffic zokwakha ilula kwaye iquka uluhlu LED, vandal-ubungqina zeglasi kunye cap.

Abahamba traffic izibane T7

Ngokutsho manani, ikota yonke yangqubana ngeenyawo kwenzeka kwi zokunqumla kubo, akukho iirobhothi. Xa ngongcwalazi kunye ebusuku abaqhubi ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukubona yokunqumla yabahamba ngeenyawo. Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuphucula amanqanaba ukhuseleko utshintsho ezingalawulwayo?

Isisombululo kakhulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku - izixhobo kwizibane ezinjalo utshintsho izithuthi ezifana T7. Le yellow LED kuyilo. Bayakwazi ukuba babonwe ngumqhubi ivela kude. Umboniso LED yi umlawuli angxamele kukhanya kwelanga okanye ubumnyama ngokuchanekileyo alumkise ngumqhubi indlela yokunqumla yabahamba ngeenyawo kunye nemfuneko thoba isantya. Ngenxa yoko, lo umqondiso wezikhanyiso ngeenyawo ukuba bawele ikhuseleke kakhulu indlela.

Le ukukhanya kuxhaswa evela mbane, iindleko yofakelo yalo ngokuyintloko intambo ngokubekwa inkqubo kwaye iindleko yokugqibela.

Traffic Light Solar

Ngempumelelo nangakumbi isisombululo lungaba isixhobo irobhothi LED ezingaqhutywa ngumbutho ibhetri elanga. Iindleko prime yofakelo yawo kwesiqingatha ngaphantsi kunolo yomgudu cable lungena-mali ka-40-50 amawaka. P. Ukongeza, kukho imali eninzi embaneni.

Traffic ukukhanya solar ngeenyawo kule mihla - ukufikelela iteknoloji eziphambili kakhulu. Ukufakela isakhiwo eso akuthethi ukumba, imisele, ukudibanisa intambo umbane kunye nokhuseleko lwalo, intlawulo umbane.

Ziziphi iingenelo?

Ingaba iseti bufumaneka iirobhothi LED kunye nohlobo encinane isityalo amandla elanga. iirobhothi leyo kuwelwa banokubekwa traffic ungene ngokwayo kwaye uqalisa ukusebenza ngoko nangoko emva kokufakwa. Iiyure intanethi it - Ndingaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-8 ngaphandle yesondlo.

Ngenxa low power izibane ezinjalo ixesha elide, ibhetri egcwalisekayo ngayo ukusebenza ngaphandle uyazihlaziya elangeni iintsuku ezintathu.

Emini ibhetri yi iseli enamandla elanga. Inkqubo abize kwenzeka nokuba ebusika okanye imozulu lisibekele. Ngenxa umlawuli ehlangeneyo ngokupheleleyo obhobhozayo ibhetri alikho.

Okokugqibela kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kukho nkqu ilitye lesikhumbuzo ekhethekileyo iirobhothi eRashiya! Umfanekiso ezifakwe ngo-2006 phezu ezitratweni zomzi ka naseNovosibirsk.