St George kaThixo Cathedral Yuriev-Polsky: photo, izakhiwo

Idolophu encinane Yuriev-Polsky phantsi Vladimir yasekwa ngo-1152 yi-Prince kaYuri Dolgoruky. Ukususela eleshumi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine kuyo yayiliziko ilifa. Ukususela 1212 it osezandleni Svyatoslav - umzukulwana ngunozala edolophini. WePhondo imigangatho zedolophu, Kakade ke, ayikwazanga azinakulinganiswa zokuhlala eziphambili Zalesskoye, edume ubuncwane bayo yokuluka.

Kwaye nangona kukho wobugcisa olunye lwezakhiwo yamandulo kule dolophu, kodwa wabashiya kude emva izakhiwo ezininzi ezifanayo.

Yayingeyiyo eSt George kaThixo Cathedral

In Yuriev-Polsky yayakhiwe imbeko uloyiso, leyo iphumelele Dolgoruky prince of iVolga Bulgars. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1221. Le lesikhumbuzo loyiso, ngokutsho chroniclers, yi "ezingaqhelekanga Akumangalisi, entle ukungabi nalwazi" yokwakha, omnye ube uhlobo.

Imbali ingenzeka

Kule ndawo apho Cathedral eSt George yangoku, ukanti ngowe-1152 uYuri Dolgoruky wayalela ukuba ukwakha ibandla elincinane elincinane ilitye elimhlophe. Uye enikelwe yakhe Georgiyu Pobedonostsu, awababiza eyakhe umxhasi saint yakhe. Ngowe-1230 umzukulwana wakhe - Svyatoslav - kutshatyalaliswa ukwakha utatomkhulu wakhe, kuba "wabola kwaye eyaphukileyo." Ke endaweni yayo 1230th yayakhiwe eSt George kaThixo Cathedral Yuriev-Polsky, ethe waba kuphela isithsaba Vladimir-Suzdal lwezakhiwo, kodwa ke yokugqibela zokwakha ilitye elimhlophe phambi Mongol-Tatar lokuhlasela.

iimpawu itempile

Mhlawumbi ngaphambili okanye emva kokuba akukho mntu iye yakwazi Zizigqithile ubuhle emangalisayo wobugcisa yayo. Ndimele ndithi ukuba imizamo yakhe phindwa sele zenziwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, kukholelwa ukuba Cathedral St. George e-Yuriev-Polsky, ifoto kwi imvelaphi owazeka ekhaya yonke babatyeleli wayetyelele kule dolophu, yaba kwase le Moscow kwingcinga, wakha kwi incwadi ngo-1326. Noko ke, ibandla akazange akwazi ukwakha. Nje wayengakwazi ukufumana iinkosi ezinjalo ababeya kuba nakho ukuyiphinda ubuncinane ngokuyinxenye indlela ilitye elimhlophe efanayo esigquma ngokupheleleyo i-St George kaThixo Cathedral Yuriev-Polish. Umfanekiso ikhaphethi layigubungela iindonga etempileni phezulu nasezantsi.

impilo yesibini

isakhiwo kwayo yakhiwa iminyaka emine. Limelwe ukuba beme uhlobo yayo yoqobo ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amabini, kude kube ngo-1460 zange yenzeke ngokuwa arch, kubonakala ukuba, asikwazi ukuthwala imithwalo enzima kakhulu. Ingaba ekukholiseni nobunye ubungqina ukuba kutheni Cathedral George ngowama-Yuriev-Polish. Archaeology, leyo ufunda ubungqina ebonakalayo kwangaphambili kubonisa ukuba isizathu abe isiphoso ziitectonic plates, ngokunjalo komhlaba.

Ngomthetho we umyili eMoscow ezaziwayo-kakuhle Grand Duke kaThixo V. D. Ermolinu wayalelwa ukuba basebenze nokubuyiselwa. Umakhi ukuba sele onamava elithile ekubuyiselweni kwezi zakhiwo amandulo. It Ermolin kuthiwa kwakhona ndawonye Yuryev-Polsky Cathedral of St. George (iifoto inokubonwa kwinqaku). Umakhi bathi ke walibuyisela ibandla kunye kwigumbi layo, "kubeka yena njengangaphambili." Noko ke, oku akuyonyaniso.

look entsha

Ngexesha imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa zaye kakhulu kakhulu zonakaliswa zesi ye isakhiwo engundoqo, baye baba emikhulu ngakumbi. Uninzi imikrolo kwalahleka, kwaye iinkosi eseleyo badidekile, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba olungaphambili etempileni anika imbonakalo ngokungakhethiyo saa kwaye musa ukuba akwaziqonda lwangaphakathi scene imifanekiso ngenxa.

Kwiinkulungwane ezilandelayo wachacha Cathedral Yermolin St. George e-Yuriev-Polsky iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo azitshintshwanga. Ngoko, kwi belfry ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe sakhiwa neveranda yalo kwintshona. Ngo-1781 kwathiwa indawo lelinye - ngakumbi yayintle elimiswe ngasentshonalanga, kunye Cathedral eSt George kaThixo ugqunywe-ithambeka ezine, kodwa kwafuneka ukuba inshorensi pozakomarnoe, zonke iitempile ilitye elimhlophe.

Ngowe-1809-1827 gg. isakhiwo engundoqo Umntla nomzantsi evaliwe kunye attachments omtsha efudumeleyo sacristy. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela intshabalalo olutsha uhlaba litye lesikhumbuzo yamandulo, apho namhlanje ibonakale ngokucacileyo emininzi iifoto ezindala. Cathedral St. George wabudla uhlobo walo wokudla kuphela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, xa ekugqibeleni zaye zidilizwe kuba uyawabhuqa ukwandiswa.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba ityala Ermolina hayi kakhulu yinyaniso. kwakudingeka nje ukubuyisela eSt George kaThixo Cathedral Yuriev-Polsky, ogama bokwakha ihamba yodwa, kodwa ukuyenza ukuze iibhloko olugobileyo oqingqiweyo baba ipatheni ilitye kwakhona okuqinileyo, umanyaniswe injongo efanayo: umsebenzi onzima kakhulu wavalelwa phambi kwakhe. Noko ke, ndingenabo obam esandleni akukho imifanekiso okanye imizobo, kwaye unikwe into yokuba uninzi amatye ngenxa ekuweni zatshatyalaliswa nje, ngaba kwaba nzima.

mibala art

Malunga nangokukrola ukuba Uyabahombisa Cathedral ka St. George, ebhaliweyo wathi lukhulu. umxholo akhe art de iinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ziye ephefumlelweyo abazobi abaninzi benza "iimfama" ngomthi azinamsonto.

iipateni entsonkothileyo ebonisa izilwanyana, iintaka kunye nezityalo, iingonyama, amadada kunye imisila osontiweyo - bonke bephela, ukuba izidalwa zikaThixo, bongani uMdali kwi ekhanya ezikroliweyo ilitye elimhlophe Ukuhomba Cathedral of St George eSt George kaThixo.

Stone "ngentambo"

Wambhinqisa ipatheni kungekuphela iindonga ze-moya, kodwa phantse zonke iinkcukacha zokwakha ezifana amantloko, imiqolo kunye nezinyuko. Amanani abantu kunye nezilwanyana, namarhamncwa wasentsomini - zonke Zinokuxutywa izivatho ezintsonkothileyo zeentyantyambo. Ngenxa yoko, ngentsontelo yemisonto ilitye wawutyabeka ngokupheleleyo George Cathedral Kubonakala ngathi ezimile ngendlela entsonkothileyo block bagawula amatye esiqinileyo. Kanye ngenxa yesi sakhiwo yaba nokuvelela somnyaka.

bokwakha

Cathedral encinci. olungaphambili yayo lateral lineevaranda "yene". Bavimba neengqameko phezu kodonga zakomars isiqu. West kwevaranda, leyo ecaleni ekuqaleni ezinkulu nangaphezulu. Yena waba kumgangatho wesibini kunye nekwayala, eyenzelwe ukuba usapho njengenkosana. Egumbini, apho kudibana iindonga ezisemantla nasempuma, kwabakho indlwana encinci Emnye, apho kwindawo yokungcwaba abathetheli JuR'EVSKIJj. Apha namhlanje arkosoly wayo, apho ngo-1252 waza wangcwatywa Prince Svyatoslav.

Lwefacade isonto singahlukaniswa pilasters libe zizabelo ezintathu. Le nqubo uphawu izakhiwo yamandulo Russian kwaye luphawu itempile-intsika ezine. Le kuhambisana tyaba le yecawa kwakukho ummandla arkaturno-columnar, ngelo xesha yokutshatyalaliswa kwenkulungwane weshumi elinesihlanu iye yasinda ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona yayolulekele ecaleni nakumphezulu apse, nayo ezahlulwe semi-kwimiqolo. Kuzo zombini amanqanaba ibhanti zinikwe iifestile phezulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ngqo embindini kwetempile engundoqo kumi tyhubhu Ndakhulela intloko kwamanqwanqwa okhethekileyo.

Le tempile ekuqaleni

Iingcali lubonisa ukuba umthwalo loo back-ligqobha indlu, kwakunye nakwiingqameko aphezulu kwabangela ekuweni nasemagumbini. Noko ke, le sesakhiwo nenguqulelo lokuqala sakhiwo luphawulwa bokubhabha kunye uthsintsho. ibonwe mncane, kudityaniswe lineevaranda emithathu yokuqala, wanika ukushiyana yecawa kunye stolpoobraznoe.

Nangona uthsintsho yakhe compositional of Cathedral St. George e-St George kaThixo, kuthi obuphantsi izakhiwo efanayo of Kiev kunye ESmolensk, yena palpably njengabongamileyo inkangeleko yazo amisiweyo. Ngaphezu konke oku kube negalelo ukuqhama kunye Bunobungangamela imisonto, ezifikelela kuzo zonke iindonga.

ingaphakathi

Ngaphakathi Cathedral of St George ubanzi ngokwaneleyo. Oku kuye kwafezwa ngenxa yokuba iintsika emi ngazo nasemagumbini bakhe, avulekela waza waya ukuya iindonga. isithuba Isibingelelo wahlukana njengomqobo engundoqo ephantsi apho ithayile ziguyiwe deesis.

Emangalisayo nice kunye imizobo kwi-design. Noko ke, ebandleni, ayinazo ukulayita, soloko mnyama, ngoko ukubona yonke imibala kwi iifoto, loo nto ngamanye amaxesha kunzima. Ngokubanzi, embindini yecawa ayikwazanga azinakulinganiswa yomhombiso wakhe ngaphandle.

olungaphambili

Kwi isilivere-yellow iindonga Cathedral uyakwazi ukuchitha iiyure ukufunda curls entsonkothileyo of nangokukrola amatye. izifundo zexesha elide restorers nobugcisa ziye kwenza kube lula ukugqithisa ngokupheleleyo ingcamango abakhi yoqobo kunye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ukulungisa ngayo.

Ezi zililo eziziintloko uzihombise, eSt George kaThixo Cathedral Yuriev-Polsky, njenge "Inguqu" kwi olungaphambili kwintshona, "sleepers asixhenxe" yaye "uBathathu Emnye". Ngecala zasentla "I Emnqamlezweni" yaye "UDaniyeli emngxunyeni sengonyama." Ukuqamba ezifana "Ascension", "The Virgin Orans", waye zinokuhonjiswa olungaphambili ngasezantsi.

I zaphetha umtya lonke abangcwele zaye kuboniswe arkaturno ibhanti. Le nqubo ngakumbi ngathi icawa Gothic eYurophu. Phezu kodonga langasentla ngayo lwalupayintiwe abaxhasi ezininzi iinkosana Vladimir ubukhosi. Kwakhona lwenziwe kunye isiqabu enkulu Georgiya Pobedonostsa. OyiNgcwele iveza isikrweqe emkhosini, iphatha Umfuziselo iingweletshetshe ubukhosi njengenkosana - yondla nengwe.

kwabayili

Enye chroniclers yamandulo abanomdla ngubani na inkosi wadala yecawa. Abanye baye bavakalisa imbono yokuba umbhali yena Svyatoslav. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba nangona umthetheli wathabatha inxaxheba enkulu ekudaleni kuyilo lokugqibela eli wobugcisa bokwakha, voplotitelyami ebomini bakhe baba amagcisa abaqhelekileyo Russian.

Xa nokudalwa yecawa idlale indima ebalulekileyo, yaye Mitrofan - uVladimir ubuveleli, ngubani kwatshiswa AmaTatar bephila. Yaba ubuntu obalaseleyo, indoda inkcubeko ophezulu, sezopolitiko clever kunye abakhusela ubugcisa. Abaphandi bakholelwa kukuba yena liphuhlise inkqubo nangokukrola ezimangalisayo buyifanele St George kaThixo Cathedral Yuriev-Polish. Kwizifundo zakhe waziva nolwazi olunzulu Patristic nje kuphela, kodwa iincwadi ngokomoya Russian.

Kukho kwakhona ingxelo ukuba ulwakhiwo itempile yaba inkosi le iVolga Bulgaria. Kwaye oku nangona le ndlu yecawa ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo Vladimir-Suzdal kwicala izakhiwo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isakhiwo eso akunakwenzeka kusetyenziswa loo iingcibi kusekho akayi benamava ngokwaneleyo. Kuphela ukukhula ezinobuchule bemifanekiso Russian ilitye, ngubani wendele amava ezosulela ababelawula ngaphambi, kwakunye nemizekelo best ubuciko bendawo kunye amazwe, kungavunyelwa ngexesha elinye ukwenza ilitye intsomi - eSt waseGeorge Cathedral eSt George kaThixo.