Sivtseva Table - nomncedisi ngcono uxilongo kombono abantu

umbono Human - enye yezona zinkulu yaye kwangaxeshanye ubuchule ethe-ethe. Emva oko kuyimfuneko lonke ixesha ukuba alinde. Ngeenyawo ukuya kwi zamehlo kufuneka ingqesho ngamaxesha kubomi wonke umntu.

Khangela umbono zamehlo lwangoku

Buyela kwi-USSR oosonzululwazi Sivtsev yaqanjwa isixhobo neemfanelo zamehlo mihla, leyo onobuhandiba yombhali ebizwa ngokuba "itheyibhile Sivtseva". Sebenzisa le ndlela yokuqingqa acuity olubonakalayo. Ngokuba lo ngcelele imiqondiso 12 zaye zachongwa: oonobumba namakhonkco kunye umsantsa, leyo, ukuqalela kumqolo phezulu ukuya ezantsi ngokuthe bunciphe. Ukusuka kumgama oziimitha ezi-5 acuity olubonakalayo uzimisele kwisikali ukusuka 0.1 ukuya 2.0.

Yintoni na le acuity ezibonwayo nendlela iqinisekiswa yi itheyibhile Sivtseva?

acuity Visual - ukukwazi iliso yabantu ukwahlula phakathi iingongoma ezimbini ngaphandle yi kumgama othile. imithetho zangoku bathi iliso ukuba umbono% 100 ungahlula iingongoma ezimbini, bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye komnye umgama emboxo lomzuzu omnye. Ngenxa yoko, acuity ezibonwayo linokuchazwa njengoko ukukwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo kwaye uchaze siphaphile loo iliso Isalathisi yedijithali 100% okanye 1.0. Sivtseva itheyibhile nje iyilwe ngendlela yokuba isalathisi lwedijithali nokujonga.

Kukho iimeko apho iliso lomntu ziphuhliswe kakuhle kangangokuba kunokwenzeka ukuqikelela ndikho ka-1.2 okanye 1.5 okanye 3.0. Nangona emehlweni zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo, njengoko ukubona okanye ezikude, astigmatism okanye glaucoma, okungaqhelekanga inokuba 0.5 okanye 0.05.

Amaxesha amaninzi achaza acuity olubonakalayo usebenzisa ngokweepesenti. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kuphela 100% inani ingqamana 100% kwamehlo olubonakalayo. Umzekelo, nesalathisi ebonwayo 0.2 diopters ayikwazi azinakuguqulelwa ipesenti ye-20% njengendlela emehlweni. Eli nani ingqamana-49% yabo eqhelekileyo. Akukho lula ukuguqulela naziphi na manani ukuya iipesenti umva. Ngokukodwa le theyibhile Sivtseva - Imilinganiselo kwiikholam ekhohlo ilungelo sele kubalwa iziphumo zovavanyo.

Indlela ukukhangela ebonakalayo acuity Sivtseva etafileni?

Iseti standard zabalinganiswa eprintiweyo ezinobukhulu ezahlukeneyo eyakhiwa thotho 12. Bonke oonobumba be-alfabhethi Russian - W, B, M, H, K, N. Umqolo ngamnye ephantsi - oonobumba incinane ngaphezulu. Iitsheki kufuneka wenziwe kwigumbi ukukhanya okufanelekileyo. Ilungiselelwe kunye isibane okhethekileyo, ezijolise kwitafile kwaye ukuba ukukhanya. Kumgama oziimitha ezi-5 ukusuka eTable View lukhangelwe Sivtseva. Isigulana kufuneka ahlale kakuhle, loo khosi ukuvala amehlo asekhohlo nasekunene, funda incwadi evela etafileni. Ukuba ikhangelwe ngokulula nokubiza oonobumba ukuya imiqolo-10, cinga ukuba une 100% ukungaboni. Ukuba ime ezinye series umsinga, i acuity olubonakalayo umiselwa parameters kumhlathi osekunene ze table.

Esi sigulane asikwazi ukuhlala ngaphantsi kweemitha ezi-5 ukusuka etafileni, kodwa lo mzekelo ifomula ekhethekileyo isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubuzaza:

V = d / D

V kule nxaki - ixabiso esinalo ukumisela, oko kukuthi, acuity ebonwayo; d - umgama apho isigulana etafileni; D - umgama apho isigulane ngokwahlula inani elithile loonobumba.

Ngoku, iinkcukacha zendlela obusetafileni kufuneka ibekwe Sivtseva. Ibekwe phakathi izibane ezimbini ezibengezelayo ukuze ukhanyiso ifikelela 700 lumens. Ungqameko olungezantsi obusetafileni kufuneka ibe nomphakamo 120 cm ukusuka emgangathweni. Isigulane uhleli kakuhle, icinezele intloko yakhe nkqo, iinkophe amehlo omabini evulekileyo kwindawo eqhelekileyo. Xa iliso olunye elimhlophe iqhotyoshelwe apha. Ngaphakathi 3 imizuzwana bonisa kunokuqinisekiswa incwadi ukuba ubizwe. Kulo mzekelo, ukuqala ezisezantsi kancinane kwavusa imiqondiso emikhulu. Ukuba yonke imiqondiso zibizwa - bahlolwe 100% okanye 1.0 umbono. Xa abalinganiswa enye okanye ngaphezulu aziboniswanga phaya - acuity olubonakalayo ayiphelelanga. Ukuze ubone acuity olubonakalayo ngaphantsi kwe 0.1 isigulane ukusondela ngokuthe itafile zonke 0.5 m, kanti asikwazi ukubona imiqondiso itafile.

Legend ku Table Sivtseva

Ukongeza oonobumba be-alfabhethi Russian kunokubonwa ukuba kukho ntsika zimbini, ezo etyunjwe Latin D kunye V. Amanani kwi-D-ikholam ibonisa umgama ukuba etafileni apho umntu acuity ogama ezibonwayo ilingana 100%, kube lula ukufunda ukusuka ekhohlo uphawu bemi. Amanani kwi V-ikholam - a acuity lwamanani iimpawu, ukuba eli nani ukufunda ikhangelwe kwi-5 seemitha kumgama.

Ziziphi ezinye iitheyibhile ezisetyenziswa zamehlo?

Ekubeni umbono a ngabantu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba igcinwe ikwimeko entle, kukho inani leemvavanyo ezisetyenziswa zamehlo, nto leyo ekuvumela ukuba ubonise umfanekiso yokwenene imo iliso.

• Khangela acuity ezibonwayo - itheyibhile Sivtseva (njengoko ubizwa kwezinye imithombo) wadalwa le njongo. Isebenzisa incwadi W, D, F, H, K, N. Orlova kwakhona usebenzisa itafile abantwana, apho oonobumba zisetyenziswa endaweni imifanekiso (i asterisk, ngundo, ihashe, iketile, kwinqwelo-moya, Dada, indlovu, umatshini, herringbone).
• chasanisa test umbono - le theyibhile Golovin yadalwa. Isebenzisa iindidi 4 optotypes - amakhonkco kunye ikhefu kwenye emacaleni 4
• Khangela ukubona kunye hyperopia - sebenzisa duohromny uvavanyo luqulathe iziqingatha ezibini imvelaphi yazo imibala eyahlukeneyo: obomvu kunye oluhlaza, Kungenxa yoku, amalungiselelo oonobumba (A, H, W, F, mna, B, S). Isiphumo uvavanyo, oko uzimisele ukuba uneso yesiqhelo (amehlo akubonayo oonobumba zombini imvelaphi twatse). Ukuba oonobumba kwisiqalo elibomvu kumqolo omnye licace ngaphezu phezu eluhlaza, kukho ukubona, ngokuchasene - bisayo.
• Khangela ukuba astigmatism - uvavanyo iqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba Siemens Star. Kakuhle eli uvavanyo kukuba umntu umbono eqhelekileyo ubona kumgca ongezantsi koko, ngaphambi kokuba afike iziko, baqale kweso kwaye ezilala phezu kwezinye. Xa embindini umgca kwakhona abe ibonakale ngokucacileyo.