Portrait luhlobo inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nabantu

Umfanekiso - uhlobo yobugcisa ocoliweyo, ethwele ngokwako iimpawu ezizodwa umntu. Kuba igcisa professional ingongoma ebalulekileyo - ukugqithisa kuphela ukufana kukubona imodeli ubomi, kodwa ukutyhila ihlabathi engaphakathi umntu ngamnye, umphefumlo wakhe. Oku kwahlukile portrait hlobo loncwadi inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

portraitist abanezakhono kuphela phantsi amandla ukubonisa ubuntu kunye nemeko nangokweemvakalelo imodeli, imo yakhe ngelo xesha. Okubalulekileyo kule lo mfanekiso zonke iinkcukacha - imodeli umphandle, impahla, iindawo imvelaphi, kunye nezincedisi. Bona ukunika oyindlela ithuba lokubonisa kwakhona indawo lentlalo lo mfanekiso uze ufake umbala ixesha yezembali ngelo xesha.

Le Ukudaleka uhlobo mfanekiso

Okwangoku, ubugcisa omhle waqokelela Okuninzi imifanekiso ngobude, kuquka ilifa iinkosi ezininzi mandulo kunye langoku, ukubonisa uhlobo umzobo kwi inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Umyalezo ezidluliselwa ngabo kumsebenzi wabo, kungcono ukuba bazobe umfanekiso amaxesha bahlala kuyo kunye wasebenza portraitists. Kuzo zonke era waba iinjongo zayo ngobuhle, kugcwele izimbo ezahlukeneyo, iimfuno imifanekiso ngobude ukutshintsha. Ukuze thatha, ukugcina kunye unokwazisa inzala zomfanekiso kobuso, artists kusetyenziswa izinto ezahlukeneyo. Yaba portraits oqingqiweyo, graphic kunye zokubala leyo egxininisa nsimbi, eba uhlobo umzobo kwi inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso ubuso bomntu nazo zenziwe unconventionally kunye ithayile, nezimfakamfele, appliques, etc ...

Imvelaphi lo mfanekiso

Eni ngesandla ezirhuqwa yokuqala asusela kumaxesha amandulo. ookhokho babo kuqwalaselwa wafumana portraits Fayum, ogama ukuba indawo yayo (eliyi saseYiputa Fayoum). Esekelwe, wafumana ngexesha Ukumba kumabhodlo ebhotwe eKrete, ukhuseleko wasikhupha iimpawu ezintle kwabasetyhini abasebatsha. Nangona lo mfanekiso akukacaci kakhulu, data imizobo kungathathwa oyinyaniso "protoportretami".

Eni yokuqala uphila, apho iimpawu ngamnye umntu, waba umsebenzi amagcisa yamandulo eGrisi, Egypt neRoma batshintshelwa, ngubani bakwazi ukunikela lo mfanekiso uhlobo ngokupheleleyo inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ezi eni zaye ngumthi ochweliweyo kwaye bumntwisiwe yaziwa ngexesha neembongi kunye iinkcuba, nabathetheli kunye nabalawuli.

Greece yamandulo

Kumfanekiso abantu iinkosi zamandulo zamaGrike ubuyeleyo ixesha lwakudala. art lwakudala ezinxulumene umntu ofanelekileyo, intle ngomzimba nangomoya. Lo mfanekiso ukhangela abantu ezimangalisayo ukusebenza, azisekelwanga ngokupheleleyo ngokufana.

Kwixesha elizayo, imifanekiso nobugoci ngakumbi, inkosi zokwahlula sizama ukwenza eni. ngexesha lamaGrike yaba ngexesha ingqalelo emntwini, iimvakalelo zakhe. Le Umfanekiso weza uthsintsho imizwa. eqingqiweyo Created walondoloza umzimba womntu ofezekileyo, kodwa wafuna ngobude. abakroli antique wabaza becala kwengeniso, kodwa kwakukho kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo elizeleyo ubude, apho ibekwe phezu. inani elikhulu incwadi enemifanekiso oqingqiweyo zadalwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo: nezemarmore, ubhedu, isiliva, negolide, neempondo zendlovu.

eRoma yamandulo

izinto State idityaniswe amaRoma ingqalelo le ndoda, ubuntu bakhe. Amagcisa ziye ucingela phezu Amalungelo Imisebenzi Man, inkululeko ngaphakathi ukunxanelwa inkululeko. Oku kugqiba uphuhliso umfanekiso wenene oqingqiweyo. AmaRoma enu ovethe iingubo smart - ingubo, ngenxa yokuba lo mfanekiso wawenzelwe ukuba babhiyozele ukuhlonipheka iintlobo. imifanekiso Early adlulisele amandla nokomelela umlinganiswa egcina uhlobo umzobo kwi inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Uphuhliso Umfanekiso yamaRoma negalelo isiko mandulo ekwenzeni iimaski yokufa.

Kule yesibini isiqingatha II. abonakale wamaRoma yayina. Abakroli ngoku sinikele ingqalelo kungekuphela zifana kunye nemodeli, kodwa phezu ukuxela isimo sakhe sengqondo. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho utshintsho iteknoloji image eye - endaweni inlays kunye nobuchule imibala kuza zeplastiki. Portraitists yexesha badla ukosuleleka lichaneke endalo, nqunu iimpawu eziphambili zobuntu.

Abanemvume: Jan van Eyck

An elizimeleyo uhlobo lobugcisa umzobo waqala kuMbindi Ages. Flemish Jan van Eyck waba ngegcisa elinye yokuqala leyo ikuvumile uhlobo umzobo kwi inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Umyalezo wabashiya kumsebenzi ngamnye ukupeyinta, weza kwinzala akukho kubi ngakumbi imisebenzi ababhali kunye ziimbongi. Yaba uJan van Eyck wenza umzobo uhlobo eyahlukileyo. Ngokutsho legend, naye waba yimbangi ubuchule oyile ukupeyinta. Enye imisebenzi yokuqala ka van Eyck kaThixo eGhent Altarpiece yaba womzobo. Phakathi kwamagama apho kunye nabathengi kusebenza - i (abaxhasi) abantu ekuthiwa donator ukuba ngemali kunikwe ibandla. Isithethe ezaqanjwa zonqulo ziquka ubuso ukupeyinta abathengi ezazikho ngexesha bamaXesha Aphakathi. Umculi ayithethi nje ziquka donators amanani kuhlanganiselo iimveliso, kunye neenjongo ukutyhila abalinganiswa zabo.

Renaissance

Xa Renaissance, lo mfanekiso waba iintlobo zokuqala ezimeleyo yokudweba. Ukubonakala kwikota yesibini kwinkulungwane XV., It ngokukhawuleza kwaduma. Umsebenzi ophambili we lo mfanekiso yaba zibonisa ubuntu owayephila ezibalaseleyo. Amagcisa ukuba kuboniswe donators Bamemelele nabasweleyo - abalinganiswa babo ubuso ezamahala, hayi kuphela eyaziyo, ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ekwaziyo amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza.

Germany: Albrecht Dürer

Works of opeyintayo kunye artist graphic yaba negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso uhlobo ngobude. Makhe Dürer wazibalula ingqalelo ngamnye ekhethekileyo imodeli. njengamaqhawe abo - ezingenamandla, okrelekrele, zizele isidima, amandla kunye nomzamo. Self-Mfanekiso Dürer wamnika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, ngelo xesha buyinto engaqhelekanga, wafuna ukufumana iimpawu ngamnye ezahlula umntu omnye komnye.

Italy: Leonardo da Vinci

Yena waba ngomzobi obalaseleyo, igcisa graphic, umsunguli, Scientist, zenjneli nkqu mvumi. Yakhe "Mona Lisa" ( "La Gioconda") - womzobo idumileyo ehlabathini. I-landscape kule portrait - hayi nje ngasemva. Inkosikazi kunye nemvelo bahlanganisane ukuze yonke ukuvumelana. Umculi kubonakala abukhali ukubonisa ihlabathi abantu ekubeni umkhulu nentsonkothileyo, njengoko uhlobo kwayijikeleza zabantu. ULeonardo da Vinci wakwazi immortalize ngemisebenzi yakhe, lo uhlobo umzobo kwi inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nezizwe.

Spain: Francisco Goya

ngomzobi Spanish Francisco Goya waye waduma ngumbhali zabantu nemikrolo ostrosotsialnyh. Zonke lubonakala ndiyazingca imvakalelo kunye nokuqina neempawu imisebenzi yakhe. Goya wayethanda ukubhala abasetyhini - entle kwaye yeengcungcu kakhulu, nabakhonzazana. Kwanasemva kokuba luthandwa ngomzobi iirula, inkundla, Goya wayekhetha ukubhala amahlwempu ezidolophini.

England Thomas Lawrence

Lo mfanekiso yaba impumelelo liphezulu yokudweba IsiNgesi kwisiphambuka XVIII-XIX eminyaka. Tomas Lorens yaba IsiNgesi-eyaziwa portrait ngomzobi kuqala. ubuchule Okuchukumisayo kunye virtuoso yokwenza Lawrence Makhe kuthwala yamanyala kwentaba yothando. Umzobi waphulaphula kakhulu wolungiso lwe imigca, ubunzulu imibala, stroke inkalipho. Lawrence wabhala eni of abadlali kunye kubananisi, abantwana namadoda amakhulu, abafana namabhinqa. Wayeqonda ubunzulu kunye nokubaluleka kwalo mba, njengoko lo mfanekiso hlobo loncwadi inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Album kunye yakhiwe abangabasemisebenzini Lawrence yapapashwa kwincwadana wathengisa amawaka eekopi ehlabathini lonke.

France Ogyust Renuar

Kule minyaka ilishumi yokuqala kwinkulungwane XIX. indawo ebalulekileyo umzobo French ahlala abafundi kunye nabalandeli kaDavide. Umsebenzi wabo hayi neminqweno yoluntu ixesha wolawulo uNapoleon. Classicism ezazikho ngeli xesha kwimizobo, ebizwa "Empire" - isimbo ubukhosi. Le style "umgca obomvu" Uyihlaba uhlobo umzobo kwi inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Ogyust Renuar wayengenayo ingcamango ngemizobo yakhe ngaphandle umntu, umfanekiso - Isimo kubalulekile. Ngeminyaka yoo-1870s. Mfanekiso waba uhlobo enkulu womzobo yi Renoir. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje uye waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla ekudalweni eni abantwana: Abantwana babhala elingaphakathi, kwindalo. Yena ivezwa ngokuthembeka porcelain eluswini imifuziselo bakhe, ecacileyo vula look, iinwele silky, iimpahla ezintle. Renoir iinguqu ngokupheleleyo yaye kongezelelwa uhlobo umzobo kwi inkcubeko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Iifoto imisebenzi walo mculi omkhulu kunokubonwa iimpapasho ezininzi ezishicilelweyo kwinkcubeko nobugcisa.

Russia

Portrait uhlobo wabonakala eRashiya kamva kunokuba eYurophu (XVIII c.), Yaye ngeendlela ezininzi ezifana icon. Qala of imifanekiso Russian ezinxulumene amagama amagcisa afana Nikitin, Matveev, Antropov, Argunov.

Master ngobude kunye uhlobo painting yaba Vasiliy Andreevich Tropinin. Xa imisebenzi yakhe, wayesoloko wanika iimpawu zabantu ekhululekile kodwa yinyani kakhulu. Tropinin phantse yaba portraitist esemthethweni eMoscow.

Alexei Venetsianov walibiza umseki ngeentlobo zobuciko Russian. Waqala wadala igalari eqingqiweyo Sasungulwa - uyinyaniso, kodwa hayi ngaphandle isixa esithile idealization kunye ziimvakalelo.

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov wabhala inani elikhulu portraits olusesikweni, yongezwe angathabatheki ubuhle bomntu, ukuba uvuyo yokuba. Ezinye eni kakuhle eli xesha ziquka "Le Rider", umfanekiso Samoilova, perovskite. Bryullov kudala ihlabathi okhethekileyo ubuhle, uvuyo, uxolo, ukonwaba enoba.

ngexesha elitsha

ixesha entsha iye yazisa sengqondo ezintsha zobugcisa. It kakade ukuba ukuhombisa, akufuneki "kuba mnandi." Portrait ngaphambili wayephila ngokungathi ngeendlela ezimbini (yayala noPhando) abe eyohlobo olulodwa ngakumbi. Ngoku ikakhulu uhlobo yorhwebo, enika umvuzo artist, kunokuba ithuba lokuba baveze izimvo zabo. Ukubonakaliswa wizard ngoku bekhetha ezinye ntlobo.

Art nouveau, owayebonakele Ekuveleni XIX-XX iinkulungwane., Wabuyisela yesinxibo kunye nendima eni. Ukutyhila uhlobo imodeli, igcisa ukhetha izinxibo ezichazayo, ngaphakathi kunye aveze embhoxo kwinkulungwane XVIII. Akuzange ukubuyela elidlulileyo, oosinga imfama, kunye nohlobo umdlalo, kakhulu funny ngexesha elifanayo.

isiphelo

Portrait uqhubeka khona kule mini, ke, ngoku njengokuba phambi eYurophu, kuba ngoku beye besiba uhlobo ebhalisiweyo. Mhlawumbi eli nqanaba ngokwendalo yophuhliso lwayo. Noko ke, nokuqhubeka isithethe, yinto uxwebhu ebalulekileyo yembali, nto leyo iza kwenza phezulu bobempunde imemori ubudala yethu.