Nodaka: ukuzalela njani isamente?

Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ekwakhiweni naluphi na uhlobo lwesakhiwo, kuyimfuneko ukuba athobele iimfuno ezinxulumene kuhlobo ngalunye lomsebenzi. Ngoko, xa ebeka isiseko kwesakhiwo, ukwakha iindonga, njalo njalo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izisombululo zokwakha, nokwenza inkqubo ngamnye kubo lohlukile. Engazi ukuba ukunyibilika indlela ukwakheka isamente ukufumana ukufumaneka efunekayo, akunakwenzeka ukuba baqiniseke yoko oluyimpumelelo kumsebenzi owenziweyo.

Types of wokwakha ukubunjwa

Phambi kokuba uphendule lo mbuzo: "Indlela ukunyibilikisa isamente" - cinga uluntu mortars , kusetyenziswa le nto. Kukho kulingane zililo zilandelayo:

• isisombululo eziphathekayo. Olu hlobo lisetyenziswa imisebenzi efana ekubekeni isiseko, ukomelezwa eziintlobo ezahlukeneyo, imigangatho screed kunye nabanye. Ngoko ke, nanku kucetyiswa ukuba asebenzise isamente ukuya kumabanga aphezulu. Kusenokwenzeka kuqatshelwe ukuba isoloko isetyenziswa le njongo iintlobo ezifana zempahla ekrwada ezifana SLAG, izinto aluminous kunye nabanye.
• Cement-lime kuqamba. Olu hlobo isisombululo zingasetyenziswa ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo (ngokuba jointing, kunye balutyabeka ukuya 'idyasi ekuqaleni "kunye nabanye). Qaphela ukuba umele wazi ukunyibilikisa indlela isamente, olinganise izinto kunye nokulungiselela kwimeko nganye, ngenxa yokuba ezi ngongoma zinokwahluka.
• isakhiwo amaziko.

Iindlela kulungiselelwa izisombululo

Cinga isamente njengokuba yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano kokwakheka ezahlukeneyo. Njengokuba sele sitshilo, umxube eziphathekayo ezisetyenziselwa isiseko. Ukulungiswa kwengoma kunokuxhomekeka izinto ezininzi, ezifana ngexesha lonyaka (xa isakhiwo yakhiwa), iimeko zengingqi (zesithili) kunye nabanye. Oku zingasetyenziswa ongeziweyo ezahlukeneyo (plasticizers, osekhohlo kunye nezinye ubumdaka) ukuba kakhulu ngcono iimpawu eziphathekayo, ukunciphisa i "isicwangciso", ukuthintela ukwenzeka lwamathanda njalo-njalo. Noko ke, unako ukubalaselisa iingongoma eziphambili ezinxulumene kuzo zonke iintlobo eziphathekayo. Kwakhona ukwazi ukuba ndityale indlela isamente kuba isiseko liya kusebenzisa le nkcazelo ilandelayo:

• Zonke izisombululo kufuneka sisincoko rhoqo - isamente, isanti (kucetyiswa uhlobo ukusetyenziswa umsebenzi), uhlalutye (igrabile), kunye namanzi.
• Umlinganiselo woviwo fillers lilawulwa ngokungqinelana uhlobo Umatshini element, ngamanye kungona brand nesamente, le kunakuqala iya kuba ukuyondelelana kwendlela sisombululo. Ngenxa yoko, ngalinye 1 m ³ yokumpompoza isanti kwale nto ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: M150 - 230 kg, M200 - 185 kg, M300 - 120 kg, M400 - 90 kg. Umlinganiselo kwakhona kuyahlukana kuhlobo kunye grade eziphathekayo. Isisombululo kufuneka ugalelwe ukuba ngokubekwa manual ngokuthatha izithako yobuninzi (ezivakaliswa iindawo): Cement M 300 (1), isanti (3.5), uhlalutye (igrabile, 5) kunye namanzi (1/2). Zilungisiwe uphawu eziphathekayo-50.
• Amanzi akufuneki ibe ubumdaka ezifana oyile, iikhompawundi ikhlorini, intsalela nezinye iziselo kunye like.
• umgangatho isisombululo kuya kuba ngcono, xa ibhetshi eliqhutywa a Umxhubi eziphathekayo.

Cement-lime ukubunjwa balungiselelwa kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo lokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, engenise ngakumbi kwiindawo banxibe (nobhazabhaza, iindinyana njalo njalo) kufuneka ukunyusa izinga ukuhamba yokubopha. Noko ke, ungakhetha i inkqubo enye, iingongoma eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

1. "Stubbed" ikalika ngamanzi kwisingxobo esahlukileyo kwangaphambili.
2. Xuba isanti kunye nesamente.
3. Ukuxuba umxube ngekalika "ubisi".

ratio kweziyobisi, kuxhomekeke imisebenzi:

• iindonga kunye nophahla - nesamente (60 kg), ikalika (140 kg);
• ukusebenza stairways - isamente (100 kg) kunye lime (140 kg);
• ukwenza igridi iguqulela - isamente (50 kg), ikalika (140 kg) nesanti (1 m ^3).

Amaziko ngodaka ingalungiswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Xuba isanti kunye nesamente (3: 1) ukuze ifikelele kubunzima eyohlobo olulodwa.
2. amanzi livaliwe, imali leyo ixhomekeke iqondo ukufuma ye entlabathini. Oko kumiselwa abangaboniyo kancane kancane ngokudibanisa ukuba itanki afaka umoya. Isisombululo kufuneka ductile kwaye barhuqe emva ikhaba.
3. Ukubunjwa kufuneka lusebenziswe ngaphakathi iiyure ezi-2.

Ukwazi ukuzalela njani ezahlukeneyo mortars zesamente ungakhetha ngawona ekunene kubahlali kwezinto kunye neemeko ukuxuba. Kuyenzeka ukuphucula kakhulu umgangatho womsebenzi, apho ezi ndumiso zisetyenziswa.