Njengokuba ngoku bethengisa yeoli? Njengoko amaxabiso e-oli kuchaphazela imakethi exchange angaphandle?

Okwangoku, neoli njengesakhi esibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Akubalulekanga nje umbandela ekrwada ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kukho ezininzi zokwenziwa, ngaphandle apho umntu namhlanje Andiqondi ukuba ubomi bam; kodwa isebenza amafutha kunye, ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhulula abanye. Abaninzi abanomdla urhwebo oyile kunye negolide. Indlela ukurhweba ioli yaye kutheni kubalulekile kakhulu ixabiso le amafutha, siza kuxubusha ngayo kwinqaku yanamhlanje.

Ukususela oko iqulathe udidi brand

Neoli kuphela imiba engundoqo yenkqubo yamandla yehlabathi, kodwa omnye izixhobo exchange-wasebenza kakhulu ethandwa. Iindaba basoloko bethetha amaxabiso oyile njengoko unobangela zonke iingxaki. Ngoko, kungekudala emva koko, wonke umntu kukho umbuzo, njengoko kubhaliwe ioli orhwebelana ngoku kwaye nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuze imali. Sele ngenxa ukuqokelelwa kwedatha zamabanga aphantsi kunye nocazululo, kucacile ukuba uphindo kule resource-ethe kakhulu intsingiselo yeziganeko ezenzeka ehlabathini. Kwaye yenza ukuba nokuqonda indlela ioli ngoku ukurhweba ebaluleke nangakumbi, kuba oko kunika uluvo lokuba oko kwenzeka ehlabathini. Ngaphezu koko, intelekelelo kwi "igolide black" ixabiso hexa badla nje kumnandi, kodwa ishishini eliphumelelayo.

Neoli yiminerali yendalo Kubonakala ngathi kukho ulwelo olunamafutha Umbala ezimnyama ivumba ethile. It ngumxube oluntsonkothileyo hydrocarbon. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeoli. Ahluke ekwakhiweni. Ukuze lula ukuthunyelwa neoli abangazukumisa imigangatho ethile. Ngokufuthi ulwabiwo yeoli ukuya kwibanga ngenxa yam, apho atsalwa. Ukusuka yokugqibela kuxhomekeke kubukho ubumdaka, isiqulatho isalfure ubukho kumaqela ahlukeneyo alkane. Emakethe zomhlaba ngawaphi amabanga zilandelayo yeoli:

• Brent. Oku mhlawumbi brand edume ioli. Kuba ukususela ngowe-1971 njengesiseko intengiso phantse isiqingatha kwezinye iintlobo. Oku ekuveliseni North kunye Norwegian Seas.
• WTI (West Texas esiPhakathi) okanye Light Sweet. Le grade oyile luthathwa njengesalathisi. Oku kufunxwa kwiphondo eTexas eUnited States.
• Urals. Eli gama i gabalala ukubhekisela oyile, nto leyo atsalwa kummandla we-Russian Federation. Oveliswa kwiMpuma Ekude, eSiberia kunye North.
• Light Siberian. Le yenye ezahlukeneyo ioli Russian. Kuso isalfure ngaphezulu kancinane ezidlulileyo. Olu uhlobo iveliswa kwiinkalo ioli Western eSiberia kunye Khanty-Mansiysk ஜோடி isilungelelanisi.
• Arab Light. Olu uhlobo iveliswa e-Saudi Arabia.

Le orhwebo lwe-oyile

Njengoko sele sibonile, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ahluka ngeempawu umgangatho wabo. Ngoko ke, ixabiso ngazo kungaba kuba efanayo. It senziwa ngendlela efanayo kuzo naziphi na ezinye izinto, ngenxa yonikezelo kunye nemfuno. Parameter ibalulekileyo fuel mninzi wayo. iintlobo Ukukhanya zithathwa ezibaluleke ngakumbi. Oku kungenxa yokuba umntu anokuzifumana iimveliso zepetroliyam kukhanya ezifana ipetroli. Olunye uphawu lo okuqulethwe nesalfure.

Loo intabalala kwiintlobo nzima ukuqonda ukuba i oyile ngoku ukurhweba. Ukuququzelela uhlalutyo, uphawu ireferensi. Kuba Europe - yi Brent, US - West Texas esiPhakathi okanye Alaska North. Ngokwesakhelo soMgaqo-OPEC ngaphambili eolini Inkolo iye isetyenziswe njengesingqiniso. Ngoku, ke, ngaphakathi umbutho usebenzisa i "ingobozi" lamabakala ezisixhenxe. Njengoko for lwamafutha eRashiya, nto athunyelwa phantsi yemiyinge ezine. Okungcono eyaziwayo yezi phambene.

anika umdla

Cinga zonke yeoli.

urhwebo Oli de 1970 akubanga ohlawulayo njengokuba kunjalo ngoku. Kwagcinwa kubiza ezintathu zeedola US. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso watsibela kakhulu emva kokuba isaziso Ukwayo ukuthunyelwa oyile Arab, owenzeka ngo-1973. Ixabiso elitsha $ 12.

Enye ukwanda okukhulu kwenzeka ngo-1981. Kulo nyaka le ntlekele Iran-Iraq. Ixabiso lenyuka ukusuka $ 14 ukuya kuma-35.

Namafutha ebizwa "elimnandi 'ukuba sulphur kuyo esezantsi. Ezi ntlobo musa ukuba iindleko processing ezongezelelweyo. Ngako oko, i "asidi" bakholelwa ioli enesiqulatho high nesalfure. La magama anxulumene yokuba kude ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX ukujonga umgangatho zegolide abamnyama wazama iingcali zakhe incasa.

Quotes on amafutha ngokwalo kwi New York Stock Exchange kubonisiwe US iidola umphanda, kodwa ioli - ngeesenti neelitha nganye.

Ezona ebalulwe umthamo contract kunqabile kakhulu. 1 Kuphela% kwekhontrakthi singagqibi kwi uphindo.

Njengokuba ngoku bethengisa yeoli?

Kude 1970, esi yoshishino ukuyiguqula kakhulu, ngoko amaxabiso ziye kakuhle izinzile. Emarikeni kwezivumelwano ixesha elide ziphela. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo yaba singazinzi lwalusiwa ntlekele yokuqala. Xa ucinga oil ukurhweba njani namhlanje, ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• esebenzisa izivumelwano lekusasa exchange;
• ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zexesha elide phakathi abavelisi ngqo nabathengi;
• nge kwizivumelwano igqitywa ngaphandle istock exchange, imakethi Awabotshwanga kwindawo, kwaye uthungelwano lwehlabathi wabathengi.

oyile Uninzi lingathengiswa kwi New York kunye London Stock Exchange. volume ukusebenza Standard imalunga 1000 nemigqomo. imilinganiselo iOTC azibhalwanga kulawulwa yi emarikeni.

Njani na ixabiso yeoli?

Kukho malunga nama-200 iintlobo amafutha. Abo kwabo umgangatho kwimimandla ethile zijongwa ulwelo kakhulu. kwi kokhuphiswano kwiimarike oko phantse egqibeleleyo. Ngoko ke, ethetha ngendlela oil ukurhweba namhlanje, sithetha ngokuyintloko malunga standard grade. Iindleko omnye ngokuqhelekileyo kubalwa ngokunxulumene kubo, indlela ngqo elikhankanyiweyo kwiimvumelwano ezithile ukuba athenge okanye athengise. Kwakhona ithatha ingqalelo iindleko zokuhamba.

Njengoko amaxabiso e-oli kuchaphazela imakethi exchange angaphandle?

of wokumbiwa kwisifundo uphindo amafutha azimisele kuphela imithetho yezoqoqosho, kodwa ngumba politiko. Russia ixhomekeke kakhulu kumaxabiso oyile. Ukuba bathe bawa, imali engange depreciates. Ngokufanayo kwenzeka kwi US dollar.