Njani kwi Internet. A incinane

Ngamnye kuthi ubuncinane kanye, ngelixa ufunda i-imeyili okanye ngokufunda iziphumo umbuzo olandelayo search, ndazibuza indlela Internet. Eneneni, loo nto ekuqaleni kwale nkqubo enkulu akanalo umkhosi ethile namhlanje.

Njengabanye ubugcisa ezininzi izinto, i-Internet iphuma izibilini amaziko zomkhosi, ezizezi - i-ntlanu. Ukuqinisekisa impilo lweekhompyutha kuthe imfazwe yenyukliya okanye enye naleyo umkhosi, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqulunqwe inkqubo entsha ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze kuphunyezwe lo msebenzi ekupheleni-imi- 50 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela yasekwa DAPRA - arhente ucwangciso lwexesha elide yophando kunye nophuhliso (Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency). Yaba ekuqaleni kukho entwine "web".

Ukufunda iincwadi ezahlukeneyo malunga njani kwi Internet Kunzima ukunika impendulo ecacileyo, ukuze kube ekuqaleni yokwenene. Qala uphuhliso theoretical? Qala yomsebenzi ukubeka uqhagamshelwano ngentambo yokuqala? Iseshoni yokuqala yimpumelelo?

Iminyaka emininzi phambi kokuba Internet waba Ngokwengcamango eqhelekileyo, liphuhlise ingcamango yokudlulisela inkcazelo ngokusebenzisa i-network enye okanye eplastikini utshintshayo. Kule minyaka ingama-60 kwinkulungwane yama-20, izazinzulu ezininzi, ngaphandle kwelinye, kuba ingqiqo uthungelwano ezisasaziweyo. Phakathi kwazo: abaseMelika Dzhozef Liklayder noPawulos baran (ngokuzenzekelayo, a Ukrainian ngokuzalwa), indoda yeNgesi uDonald Davis. Licklider kwi 61 kunyaka th lapapasha amanqaku bakhe, nto leyo ethe ingcamango uthungelwano lwehlabathi, nto leyo eza kunika wonke umntu ukuba afikelele kulwazi phantse nayiphi na ikhompyutha. Baran wazisa ingqikelelo i "iphakheji", kunye Davis wavakalisa imfuneko kwindlela ezalathelwe nje nokudlulisela kuphela kodwa ukudluliselwa kolwazi.

Ukuqala uhambo olude

Ngowe-1969, lilinge lokuqala uqhagamshelo ikhompyutha 4 2 iiyunivesithi abaziintloko yaveliswa (3 kubo fanele ku UC, kunye 1 - Stanford), zishiyane km abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu. I yokuqala Iseshoni ngempumelelo data phakathi iikhompyutha-2 ngo-Oktobha. 10/29/1969 22:30 - Kungenxa la manani, imbali network Internet sele iqalile.

Xa umsebenzi sokuqala ichithwe kwesigidi esi-1. Eerandi. Ukulungiselela izixhobo ukuze uqalise iprojekthi entsha ebizwa ngokuba APRANET, ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzi ngokubekwa intambo phakathi izixeko ababandakanyekayo kule nkampani BNN. Enye abasebenzi yale nkampani wathi: "Andazi ukuba kubani na ukuze ufuna uthungelwano enjalo."

Ngokuhamba kwexesha kwi APRAnet wathulula iikhompyutha namanye amaziko ophando kunye neeyunivesithi of America. Kweli nqanaba, kuba ingxaki ukungahambisalani kakhulu ubhalo kunye "inokubalwa" software, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba ukudlulisela ulwazi. Into efanayo kuye kwayimfuneko ukudalwa kwenkqubo data emanyeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, abaphuhlisi wosondeza elidityanisiweyo imithetho yokudlulisela data, wafumana igama protocol. Yaba yeyokuqala ezimbalini IP (Internet Protocol). Nangona aluhlaza ebonakalayo ukudluliselwa kolwazi, iye andilahlekwanga ngokuhambisana namhlanje. Njengoko uhlobo umlawuli ugcine idata egcinwe kwi ugqithiso, liphuhlise TCP (iProtokholi yoLawulo loDluliselo).

Zonke yesiqhelo igama "Internet" inethwekhi efunyenweyo ngo-1974. Ziindawo ixesha lomenzi na Amerika Vinton Cerf kunye Bob Kahn.

Ukususela mzuzu esavela kwi-intanethi, kubini ngaphantsi kwe kwenkulungwane, kodwa kunjalo nzulu umphefumlo womntu mihla, ukuba abaninzi baba umthombo wolwazi kunye nolwazi. Uyakwazi phikisana ngonaphakade malunga nenzuzo yayo okanye umonakalo, kodwa ukuba ukuba nithe nayifunda ke wena kwi network.