Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo: icawa, iinqaba, imbali

Nizhny Novgorod - isixeko phantse elinamanci asibhozo zizityebi iziganeko ezahlukeneyo kwimbali. Sise ekudibaneni iVolga kunye Oka, ebesoloko elinye enkcubeko amaziko ibalulekileyo, ezoqoqosho kunye nokuthuthwa eRashiya. Ngaphezu kanye, lo mzi waba inqaba karhulumente, akhusela ilizwe kwiintshaba yangaphandle. Konke oku kube negalelo ekubeni ngoku Nizhny Novgorod ezele izinto ezinomdla kunye neendawo ekhumbulekayo. Enye yazo kwinqaba iShushan odumileyo yamandulo.

indaba

Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo waqala ukwakhiwa malunga 1500, waza ekugqibeleni kwakhiwa kwindawo isakhiwo 1515 ludonga ngekhilomitha-mbini, apho kuye kwaxhaswa ezinde ezilishumi. Omnye wabo - Zachatskaya - iye yachitheka ukuya namhlanje.

Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo, nto leyo nayo ngokuba sisixeko ilitye, waba amabutho osisigxina, kwakunye izixhobo zokudubula umxhelo. IVolga inqaba wadala impangele njengoko engundoqo sisebenzisane ngokuthembeka, eyenzelwe ukumelana Kazan Khanate. Guest inkonzo yakhe Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo imelana ukuhlaselwa eziliqela yamelana.

Iphepha lokugqibela lupwa ingxelo iVolga inqaba yabhalwa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-17. Eli xesha yokungenelela angaphandle kunye uqulukubhode omkhulu Nizhny Novgorod wamajoni, eyayikhokelwa Kuzma Minin kunye nguDmitry Pozharsky.

incazelo

Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo i izakhiwo sokuzikhusela ephakathi. Kubhaliwe ebekwe ngokuyinxenye phezu olusithabazi i-All Intaba kunye mathambeka (emantla-ntshona).

Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo (photo ungabona ngezantsi) kubekwe phezu kommandla 22.7 yeehektare. I ekuthiwa isixeko ilitye umntu ubukhulu kunokuba iyamangalisa. umjikelezo walo kweemitha 2045. Ingafikeleleki elidlulileyo sotshaba iindonga kuba ukuphakama kuyimitha ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Ngelo xesha linye nabo ebanzi kakhulu.

Ububanzi iindonga abathathu ezinesiqingatha neemitha ezine ezinesiqingatha. Kunye kujikelezo izixeko amatye zaye wakha iinqaba ukuzithethelela. Zingaphi iinqaba ezinde Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo? Ekuqaleni, kwakukho elishumi. Okwangoku elinambini basinda. Names for weenqaba ezinde zikhethwa ukusetyenziswa zabo khona, okanye igama izakhiwo ezikufutshane.

Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo (Nizhny Novgorod) isiseko ike icawa yayo kwintsimi, esisixeko esikhulu. Phakathi kwabo zingelosi uMikayeli, kwakunye uguquka oyiNgcwele. "Emzini ilitye" kukho iicawa kumarhamente eziliqela. Kukho izindlu Episcopal kwaye grand, kwakunye nezigodlo eziliqela.

Indawo iinqaba Uyalwa

Ukuba yazi nge kwesicwangciso umqokozo iinqaba wena, uya kubona ukuba wepoligoni mgaqweni ingabekwa emasondweni ezinde. Benento kumaxesha amandulo, kwaye wadlala indima ezinde ukuzithethelela. Le nkqubo ye-Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo usiqhelanisa amagama ezinde. Xa ingakhangelwa kwicala langasekunene, ngowokuqala kubo - kaDemetriyo (Dmitrov). Le nenqaba enkulu. I igama imbeko omkhulu Prince nguDmitry Konstantinovich of Nizhny Novgorod, owayelawula ngenkulungwane ye-14.

Elinye icebo lo ithawa igama Storage. Kuye isetyenziswe njengendawo yokugcina. yayakhelwe emnyango ecaleni Posad Nikolskaya ibandla ngoku-nongasebenziyo Nikolskaya Tower.

inqaba Okulandelayo - yesitshixo - kufuneke senze umzobo enombhalo Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo. Imbali esi sakhiwo ubalisa ibali malunga ezenzo wangcwatywa kule ndawo wentombi edume idyokhwe. Nenqaba sesihlanu - Taynitskaya. Igama Inqaba ngenxa ibekwe sicatshulwa wakhe ngasese ekhokelela Pochaye emlanjeni. Nenqaba enkulu Eliya.

Hayi kude liBandla kulo of kuEliya umprofeti. Kodwa le nqaba kuthiwa kunye nendawo - North. Zonke phezu kwenqaba ngenkulungwane ye-16. Sizibekele kwewotshi.

Ivanovo Tower osecaleni ecaweni ngoku zonakale Ioanna Predtechi. White igama inqaba ngoyaba ngenxa khazi yayo emhlophe amatye, bayirhawula kwemi yangaphandle ngaphantsi. kwakhiwa inqaba St. George kufuphi ibandla ngoku-ezigugileyo eSt George, yaye kwi Powder egcinwe umgubo kunye neentlobo emthethweni.

Injongo Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo

Emva kokuwa Kazan, ukubaluleka zomkhosi iVolga inqaba yayo ebilahlekile. Kamva yaba iziko kwezolawulo indawo enkulu. indawo kwayo sase endlini. Kuye akhiwe vicegeral kwisixeko ilitye kunye norhulumente wephondo.

Namhlanje Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo - iziko yenkcubeko lolawulo umzi. On nommandla wayo indawo sisakhiwo kulawulo lwengingqi kunye nesixeko, kwakunye ngummeli uMongameli Russian kwi iVolga Federal District. Iindwendwe ze iinqaba zangaphambili inikezela ngokhenketho ukuya Art Museum kunye myuziyam le Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo. Oku elise kwintsimi isixeko ilitye wamandulo kunye Centre for Contemporary Art.

uDemetriyo Tower

Main Uyalwa Nizhegorodsky yesicelo inqaba elimiswe kwinxenye obhudlayo engundoqo. sibonakala ijongene inxalenye omise ye isikwere, ogama lakhe behlonipha Minin kunye Pozharsky.

UDemetriyo kwinqaba Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo ukususela ekwakhiweni kwayo wadlala indima somnyango engundoqo enqabeni. Kwakhona yaba likhaya usembindini indawo obhudlayo yonke zokhuselo. Indima ephambili uqinisekiswe kwinqaba kunye nesicwangciso isixeko radially-concentric. Inyaniso kukuba lisuke emnyango nenqaba ngaphandle Dmitrievskaya likhipha izitalato. Phakathi kwabo Ulyanov, Alekseevskaya owalukileyo nongalukanga kunye nangezibongozo Omkhulu.

Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo, imbali yayo equlethwe yemihla yamandulo, waqalisa ukuphila kwawo kanye ulwakhiwo yenqaba leyo inde. Oku kuqinisekiswa wasinda imithombo documentary.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17. UDemetriyo Tower waba efektri ezibalulekileyo. Ngokwamanani, oko olungaphaya zonke ezinye iinqaba ukuzithethelela. izixhobo wokulwa yayikhona kuze 1705 kamva ngasekupheleni 18 - nasekuqaleni kweye-19. UDemetriyo Tower waba indawo kukubekwa yesikolo ikampu. Oku ke wagcinwa zogcino kwiphondo, yaye ukususela 1896 ukuya ngo-1919 - museum imiboniso art-zembali. Ngeli xesha yiSoviet kwi nenqaba ixesha yokusebenza izityalo ukuvelisa intle ngenxa ballet, imidlalo yeqonga kunye opera.

Ngo-1965 kwakukho isiganeko ebalulekileyo. Xa uphahla spire yayifakwe omfuziselo isixeko ihonjiswe obonisa deer ukuhamba.

indawo yokugcina tower

Ekuqaleni le Congress Zelensky Yinqaba ende round Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo. Abayibiza ngokuba ukudla. Ngaphambili, oko isetyenziswe njengendawo yokugcina. In eminyaka 17-18. Tower wabizwa Alexis, njengoko ibandla ekufuphi nalapho.

Okwangoku, isixhobo na isakhiwo ezine-tiered. Xa indawo yayo ngokufihlakeleyo inxalenye esezantsi indawo, apho kukho indawo yokwayama ekulweni kunye embrasures. Umsebenzi wokulungisa, esenzeka ngowe-1953, wavumela nokubuyiselwa a omise lolwandiso Spence inqaba. Esi sakhiwo, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-19., Linjani ukudala umoya kwegazi kwi oovimba enamanqanaba asezantsi, apho kufudumeze oyile igcinwe, kusetyenziswa ukukhanyisa izitrato esi sixeko.

Xa nenqaba senani yesibini ezifanayo iindonga ecaleni kwegumbi. Inqanaba lesithathu - "indlu ngamatye" ngaphandle idlulela. Le tier lwesine indawo engqonge kwisisu semoto nqaba. udonga kwakhe - ungqameko kunye nongqameko.

Nikolskaya Tower

Emva Spence eriyeli scheme Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo Nikolskaya ibekwe. igama layo sathathwa Church ezikufuphi St Nicholas the Wonderworker.
Kumaxesha amandulo, le nqaba wadlala indima exhasayo ukuba iyunithi ukuziphendulela ukubaluleka. Kwi ixabiso esho kaDemetriyo Tower. Okwangoku, ngoncedo umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa wayibuyisela imbonakalo lokuqala izakhiwo kwesango endleleni.

Ngexesha eminyaka 17-19th. ende yayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina, ukutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo layout yayo yangaphakathi. imisebenzi Ukubuyiselwa lwenziwa kwiminyaka 1959-62., Hayi amagumbi angaphakathi kuphela zakhiwa. Emva kodonga kwenqaba zaqalisa imbonakalo yayo yoqobo zembali. Kwangaxesha nye, nasenqabeni ngokutsha intente kophahla-ezimise nge Ucinga inqaba.

kang tower

Xa chain kweendonga ilahlwa kwi isabelo inkangala uyingxonde angled ngeenxa enxibe igama ngokungaqhelekanga. Imbali igama yesitshixo Tower edibene amavo ezahlukeneyo ezimbini malunga umfazi wangcwatywa kule ndawo. Ngokutsho kwenye incwadi, sabulala iindonga ukuze libanike ngamandla, njengoko kufunwa yi-inkolelo ethandwayo. Ilivo yesibini isixelela ngesibindi abafazi owabulala idyokhwe kwabo abahlaseli eziliqela ze wangcwatyelwa kufuphi kwenqaba.

A isici esasenza nenqaba yesitshixo yi khazi wayo ilitye elimhlophe. In eminyaka 18-19. kwinqaba elisembindini yokugcina kwaye ukusukela-1886 warehouses ezahlukeneyo kwakhiwa kuyo.

Taynitskaya Tower

Le nqaba round ibekwe ngaphezu eweni ithambeka yebhanki Pochainskogo ezase kunye umfula ngpaha komzantsi Pochayna. igama layo, lo yokwakha unyanzelekile cache - sicatshulwa komhlaba. Le umendo kwakhokelela ukususela kwinqaba phantsi kwithambeka kumwonyo ukuya nomlambo. Nomsele waba imigangatho yeplanga neendonga, nakumphezulu ukusuka emehlweni prying dogwood efihlakeleyo. Kule 80 yenkulungwane iphelileyo ufumene amathambo watshabalalisa cache.

. Amaxwebhu zembali enxulumene ngenkulungwane ye-17, esazisa ukuba elinye igama le nqaba - Mironositskaya sasivela ibekwe kwi icala komlanjana igama elinye ibandla.

North Tower

kwemi Pochainsky kwi kumwonyo ngaphandle inqaba, ibekwe kwikona ekumntla inxalenye weentaba Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo. Le nqaba North, ezafumana igama layo ukusuka kwindawo eendawo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Lushicilela kwenkulungwane ye-17. UEliya wabiza ngayo igama elinye ibandla, leyo yayimi phezu kwelinye icala kumwonyo. Kwezinye amaxwebhu, nasenqabeni wabonakala njengoko Naugolnykh (esekoneni).

Icebo le Inqaba akukho kwahluka izicwangciso Tainitski kunye kang. Kukho kuphela umahluko ezincinane kwezinye ngokweenkcukacha. Ngenkulungwane ye-19 nasekuqaleni 20. Tower wasebenzisa amajoni njengendlela yokugcina.

Clock tower

Le ndawo imi kwithambeka iVolga River kwi encotsheni yenduli inqaba. Yeyona ende kuphela incwadi yesicelo, bahexa ngaphakathi. Ngemihla yakudala yokulwa iindima Wayedlala. Injongo yalo esentloko kukuba kukudala ubume art-kubuhle. Lomculo kunye North iinqaba Bonke kwalungiswa nabayili kakhulu kakuhle. Ngoko ke kwiindawo ezininzi ezintle yesicelo ngamanyathelo ezikhulu apho kuhla eweni zeendonga high inqaba. Xa kwentungo yenqaba leyo inde na isakhiwo eyodwa ngamaplanga - ". Watch endlini" Ngenxa yoko igama laloo isakhiwo.

Ivanovo Tower

Igama lwesakhiwo efunyenwe iicawa ebekwe ngaphambili ekufuphi ogama emva Ioanna Predtechi. Ivanovskaya kwinqaba Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo kwi ngaphakathi kwayo kwaba ileli ulwandiso, ngomhla apho abavikeli isixeko waya udonga lwamatye. Kukho kwakhona ikhamera zaphuli kunye nibathimbileyo. Ivanovskaia Inqaba mayixhotyiswe isango yaye kwindawo engundoqo submountainous yesicelo.

ende emhlophe

Le lokwakha ukujikeleza malunga Congress ebizwa yesicelo. Kuyinto kwenqaba ngeenxa kuphela, nto leyo bahlala yinduli esezantsi kolundi apho ke kuloo nqaba. Kwicala olungaphambili nenqaba endle igcwele ilitye elimhlophe. Ngenxa yoko kwabakho igama. inqaba elisetyenzisiwe ngamaxesha uxolo njengendlela yokugcina, kwaye phambi komlilo, owenzeka apha ngo-1924, abagcina amaxwebhu archive kumagumbi enqabeni.

Tower St. George xa

Ukwakhiwa kwemilo yoxande, leyo ngaphambili zezithuthi. St George Tower of Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo iqhele ngaphezu kwiindonga iVolga Krucha uyancedwa. Akukho kude na isikhumbuzo VP Chkalov. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini ngemvelaphi lwesakhiwo yegama. On omnye wabo, ibekwe kufuphi ibandla igama elifanayo. Ngokutsho yesibini, le ndawo St George kaThixo inqaba - kwibhotwe ezakhiwa ngunozala isixeko kaYuri Vsevolodovich.

Xa ukubonakala kwazo nokuma ngaphakathi wesimanje ebuxande yahluke kakhulu kwiziseko efanayo incwadi yesicelo.

powder tower

inqaba Round of Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo, ogama ukuba uhlobo lokusetyenziswa kwayo. Kuye agcinwe emthethweni. Ngokutsho amaxwebhu igama elifanayo 17 yecawa elikufutshane. ukubiza le nqaba Spasskaya. Encwadini yeembali ngenkulungwane ye-18. nto ibizwa ngokuba Musketeers, ngenxa yokuba kufuphi District Musketeers.

Okwangoku Powder Tower zayisithelisa uphahla kunye zibuyiselwe. Isixhobo iyafana kwenqaba Spence. Ezinde ezimbini ezahlukileyo intsalela le lokungabikho kwi amacandelo kwezisezantsi iindawo amakroba ngaphambili.