Ngexesha lentlekele, Kazakhstan? Oonobangela kwentlekele Kazakhstan

Malunga imeko yezoqoqosho enzima ku Kazakhstan, iingcali zithi kunyaka wesibini. Phezu kwayo nje imigudu ukuze ukunciphisa imiphumela yeemeko ezimbi ezichaphazela impilo-ntle yezimali zeli lizwe phakathi ku-2015 abasemagunyeni baye bayiphawula le ntlekele. Ngokukodwa, kwaye kwaqatshelwa nguMongameli Nursultan Nazarbayev weRiphabliki. Kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo imeko yangoku kwinkalo yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, kodwa umbuzo enoba kukho ingxaki, akusekho omiyo namhlanje Kazakhstan. Waziva, yaye abemi abaqhelekileyo kunye namashishini kuwo onke amanqanaba, kunye nabameli shishino. Omnye abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuba le meko kuya kuyenza mandundu kule minyaka izayo, kodwa ezinye abezoqoqosho ababeke amathemba zazo zokuphucula kwimisebenzi lorhulumente omtsha.

Iimpawu ze ezingxaki zangoku

Ubuthathaka isiseko kwezoqoqosho Kazakhstan wazibonakalisa ngo-2008, yaye emva koko ngo-2013. Ukuze othile, ubunzulu bale meko ngoku kungenxa yeengxaki ezingakhange zisonjululwe ngelo xesha. Sekunjalo, ingxaki e Kazakhstan ngo-2015 uneempawu zawo. Lubonakala ngezizathu bangaphandle, nto leyo, lanempembelelo ukuqhubela ephikisanayo zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuqaphela isikali ntlekele, nokwadala ukuba phantse zonke iinkalo. Ngokutsho kokuma leengcali, iye ubunzima ilahleko ngokunzulu kumazwe angaphandle, kwakunye namalungu kumashishini amancinci naphakathi.

A isici esasenza ezingxaki zangoku yaba cula kwicandelo yorhwebo. Apha uyakwazi bonisa iinkalo nje ezimbini. Lokuqala - intsingiselo jikelele kuqoqosho lwehlabathi - nokurhoxa evela kwamanye amazwe resource kugxininiswa kwimarike yasekhaya, nto leyo ibuhlungu na kuqoqosho. Kwaye ingongoma yesibini kukuba uqoqosho yelizwe ngokusondeleyo ne-Russia. Ngako oko ke ngoko wathi sele kuqalile kwi-oyile ntlekele Kazakhstan ngo-2015, nto leyo iphenjelelwa nxaxheba kwimarike yehlabathi. Ukuze siqonde ngcono le nkcukacha yeentlekele zize ke iindlela baphuma kubalulekile sihlolisise izinto ezinegalelo kuphuhliso lwayo.

izinto zangaphandle

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba iingcali ezininzi tsalela US edlalwa orhwebo lwe-oyile. Okwangoku, isicwangciso waseMelika iye iinjongo ezimbini: ukomeleza imali yayo kwimarike yehlabathi, kwakunye nokunciphisa ngabom kwamaxabiso zegolide 'abamnyama' ukuba buthathaka indawo eRashiya. Kwangaxeshanye, asimele silibale ngezingxaki ehlabathini. Ku Kazakhstan, kukho phantse iinkqubo ezifanayo ukuba kwenzeka Brazil ne-China. Nangona umahluko imifuziselo kwezoqoqosho, ukuphucula yorhwebo mveliso kuchaphazela ukuhla ye-GDP. Ngokukodwa, kwinguqu esa imarike yangaphakathi nakanjani kubangela iingxaki kwicandelo zemali. Le nkqubo kunokubonwa njengendlela yemvelo yaye kuyimfuneko ukuba naziphi soqoqosho olusakhulayo. Kodwa kukho amanye izizathu, ngenxa apho kwavela ingxaki.

kwiimeko zangaphakathi

Kodwa inxalenye enkulu iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukonakaliswa uqoqosho kukhokelele kwiingxaki ezikhoyo kwiRiphabliki. ezibangela yangaphakathi kwentlekele Kazakhstan wayanyaniswe umyalelo engalunganga ubonelelo ngemali, elaye kwi kowama-2000, sizoku lwisana boom kwezoqoqosho. Njengoko ufaka kwiimarike zengingqi nezehlabathi nge WTO kunye eYurophu Union kwase kucaca ngakumbi ukuba imveliso Kazakh ayikho nako ukuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano komsindo ngenxa iphelelwe yobugcisa kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Enye into eziphembelele ukuvuthuluka meko, kuye ungenelelo karhulumente le kwezoshishino. Le nkqubo yaqala ngo-2005, xa amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi ngaphandle emarikeni. Inxalenye yokwanda isabelo kwicandelo likarhulumente kukhokelele ukuba namhlanje yokuba e Kazakhstan lobunzima, esilimaza, kwaye ngoosomashishini ngokwabo.

izinto ngqo

Kukho intetho ethi malunga uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo kuqoqosho Russian kunye imeko yezimali zeli lizwe. It iphenjelelwa ngummelwane enkulu ebangela sele imibandela yezopolitiko igalelo ukuqhubela phambili imeko yezoqoqosho Kazakhstan. Ngokukodwa, ezi ukwayo ezifanayo, ifuthe ngqo leyo ekugqibeleni ebangela ukhuphiswano aphantsi lwamashishini Kazakh, ukunyuka dollarization wezeMali nokungathembani abemi ukuya Tenge. Oko kukuthi ukuba ku Kazakhstan, ingxaki yoyilo njengoko yenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo zombini iimeko zoqoqosho nezopolitiko. Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba nefuthe elibi lezinto imeko enzima ezichaphazela uqoqosho Russian kunye namanye amazwe iqabane, ukwakha othile umjikelezo apho kukho isiseko esihle uphumo imeko enzima.

Kwenzeka ntoni Tenge?

Le ntlekele yakhokelela nokwehla okukhulu kwiindleko Tenge xa ithelekiswa nedola yaseMelika. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba ingxelo yentloko izinga republic lenyuke ukusuka 188 ukuya 255 Tenge dollar ngalinye. Njengoko ngamaxabiso, ingxaki zemali e Kazakhstan phantse azichaphazeli iimveliso zokutya, kodwa oomatshini kunye nezixhobo wavuka kakhulu.

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili kukuba kwakhokelela ekuweni Tenge, phawula utshintsho kumgaqo-nkqubo wemali ka kwiriphabliki, leyo, Noko ke, izinto enizityelweyo ngoku kwangaphambili. Phakathi ku-2015, sabhengeza ekuqaleni nkqubo qhinga wemali imithetho emitsha kurhulumente. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi isicwangciso izilungiso yi ukupheliswa ngeranti band kunye neqondo lotshintshiselwano free-ezidadayo. kanye kwakhona Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ingxaki akuthethi isisombululo ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ku Kazakhstan. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iNtloko kaRhulumente kuqatshelwe ukuba kule minyaka mi-5 izayo, kwiriphabliki iya kuhlala engekho lokukhula kwamaxabiso emveliso.

Liqikelele elizayo

Kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo imeko yangoku, kodwa bonke bayavuma ukuba ubuncinane enokulindelwa leminyaka emi-2 ezayo ukuphucula imeko. Kakade, kukho zizinto ezifana yandisa GDP, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso abangaphezu kwe-4%, ukunyuka ngqesho, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso yawa amazinga okuphila. Bendithetha ngaye xa ingxaki phezu ku Kazakhstan, enkulu leeNgcali bathi ekuqaleni inkqubo yophuculo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-oyile. Uninzi ingcali ulindele imeko kwimarike yehlabathi kwi zorhwebo ingxenye. Leyo imeko ingxenye ixhomekeke kwi imeko yezoqoqosho Kazakhstan.

Nokuba imeko kuFeliks akuthethi lubonisa bachache ekhawulezayo kuqoqosho. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwandiswe ukusebenza abagqibayo imveliso yempahla zinokuphunyezwa kuphela emva kweminyaka embalwa. Kunzima ukutsho ukuba ntlekele ziya kuyoluka ku Kazakhstan. A lot kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezingaphaya kolawulo nabasemagunyeni Kazakhstan. Nakuba kunjalo, eminye imigudu ukusombulula ingxaki, uRhulumente nangoku ulungiselela ukuphumeza.

aphume qhinga yokuphuma ntlekele

Okwangoku, bambalwa waqonda izicwangciso "wobuyiselo" yoqoqosho. Kuqala amanyathelo ejolise ekunciphiseni nemiphumo emibi ngenxa kubemi Kazakhstan. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abasemagunyeni bazama ukunciphisa ivolyum borhwebo lentelekelelo kwiimalike lwemali kunye nonikezelo imali ukusetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, impendulo yombuzo xa ingxaki phezu ku Kazakhstan, iingcali ezininzi Siyaleza cinga ngendlela enzulu, ukuqonda oonobangela yangaphakathi imvelaphi yayo. Ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba inxalenye yesibini kwesi sicwangciso, ejoliswe ekuphuculeni ukhuphiswano kweemveliso kwiriphabliki.

Ukuxhomekeka yeentlekele phezu ukhetho US

Njengoko kuboniswe ngo-2012, nezepolitiki kwi West kuba nempembelelo enkulu kuqoqosho lommandla eYurophu, nto leyo ezisa kunye eRussia Kazakhstan. Kwaye namhlanje iingcali, njengoko apho yayibaluleke ukuba ephumayo ukusuka ingxaki amaxabiso ombane, waphawula ukubaluleka unyulo eUnited States. Nangona kunjalo, umbhodamo kwezoqoqosho e Kazakhstan akayi kutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kutshintshwe nomongameli ngokwawo, kunye nohlobo kobudlelwane kwezopolitiko, nto leyo eza kuyilwa kamva.

isiphelo

Nangona zonke iziphumo ezibi le ntlekele, phakathi kwabo ukuhla imigangatho yokuphila, mhlawumbi ezinye iimpawu ezintle. Ngokomzekelo, ukususela ukuqondwa kwayo kwentloko kwiriphabliki sele ndamgocagoca izindululo ezininzi ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni nezikhombisi umgangatho kuqoqosho. Inyaniso yokuba kwintlekele ekwelo Kazakhstan ngo-2015 lubonise ukusebenza imveliso ebuthathaka eli lizwe. imveliso eyenziweyo ngaphandle oyile kunye izinto, akubonakalisi nomdla kakhulu kwimarike yaseYurophu apho Republic ezihlangeneyo, kodwa akazange akwazi ukufumana amadimoni. Kwimeko ukuqonda ngempumelelo iinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo inkxaso kumashishini kunye necandelo lokuvelisa, mhlawumbi, Kazakhstan uya kuba nako nje kuphela ukoyisa ingxaki kule minyaka izayo, kodwa kwakhona ukunciphisa ifuthe iimeko zangaphandle kwezoqoqosho.