Movile emqolombeni e Romania: a ecosystem evaliweyo

Khawucinge nje maze mqolomba, ekwanti kwihlabathi ngaphandle, apho njengezinambuzane izigcawu, noonomadudwane, iintsholongwane, nezinye izidalwa ayiqhelekanga. Le meko unique yendalo efana kunoko ihlabathi komhlaba Jules Verne ( "Journey Centre of the Umhlaba") kunokuba kwindawo yokwenene. Movile umqolomba e eRomania, wafumanisa ngowe-1986, yenye yeendawo ezininzi yodwa emhlabeni, nto leyo yaba indawo echumayo eenzululwazi zophando. Bakholelwa ukuba isifundo esi umqolomba okungaqhelekanga ukunika iimpendulo kwimibuzo emininzi, kuquka ukuvela eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Lost World of eziguqulwe

Ngowe-1986, ngexesha lokwakha, kwafunyaniswa ngempazamo umqolomba Imfono, nto leyo ifumaneka kufuphi nonxweme olusentshona kuLwandle Black. kamva Batyhilelwa yonke imfihlelo yobukumkani eziphilileyo luthintithayo anqamka ngokucacileyo angabikho ehlabathini ngaphandle kwizizukulwana ezininzi. Phakathi kwabo izigcawu, rhorho, centipedes, amabhungane, iintshulube tyaba, amangolwane, kwakunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini ezifana ngeekatsi namanzi kunye amanundu nematodes.

Movile umqolomba - a ecosystem evaliweyo, ukohluka leyo yinto yokuba izinto phantse zonke eziphilayo ezizimeleyo amandla kwelanga. Ngoko ke, akukho utyani photosynthesis. Fancy kokuba ikhuthazwa amandla nethe emanzini, uqhutywe maleko angqingqwa iintsholongwane eziphila ezindongeni mqolomba. Le ntsholongwane ukuvelisa sulphuric acid, yi nelenyuse umthamo lwangaphakathi isithuba emqolombeni-in eziko ematyeni elineeminerali.

Features emqolombeni eziphilayo

Air avuzayo kungena incipha, ziqhekeza zincinane, kodwa umoya yahluke gqitha ukusuka ngaphandle: icarbon dioxide amaxesha 100 mkhulu phezu kwamanzi, kunye oxygen amaxesha 10 asezantsi; liphinde isixa esikhulu emanzini hydrogen eveliswe yi emithonjeni sulphur yendalo. izilwanyana eqhelekileyo wasabela ngoko nangoko utshintsho incinane kwinqanaba oksijini uzame ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kuloo ndawo apho ubumdaka ziyazibhaqekela emoyeni.

Cave Imfono (Romania) luphawulwa kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu ukusinda, ukuze eziphilayo ukuze bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yayo ebalulekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima ezinjalo, ube eziliqela yeembalasane. Umzekelo, nenkangeleko baluthuthu omthubi, ekubeni emqolombeni isici esasenza bonke abantu akukho ngombala obomvu. Bonke abantu bazalwa eyimfama, ngaphandle nezigcawu, banamehlo ezisibhozo, ngathi kunezixhobo ilizwe-based. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye umbono wabo alahlekelwe ononyawo. Ukuze uhambe ebumnyameni, zinceda amabhovu enkulu.

Izidalwa emqolombeni Akudingeki amehlo

Amehlo izakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo kuxhomekeke kwizifo nokulimala. Ukuba izidalwa eziphilayo ukuba ngandlel 'wangena emqolombeni iimeko ezinzima, kumnyama thsu, oko kungadala umonakalo phezu iliso, nezifo ubovu bandiqumbisayo nokufa kwesilwanyana. I-bume asidi kwakhona yingozi kwimpilo amehlo.

Amawaka emiqolombeni imbali isiRomania enikiweyo izizukulwana ezininzi abemi balo ixesha elaneleyo lithathelwe ubuninzi-bume entsha. Luqhele lusekelwe kulwazi yemfuza ekuqaleni wazibeka phantsi, kwakunye ukulahleka ngendlela encomekayo kunye iziphene kwinkqubo izakhi ngokuthe ngcembe.

iimpawu Geographical kunye nokuthotywa

Cave Imfono (Romania) ifumaneka kufuphi nesixeko Mangalia, xa inxalenye kumzantsi-mpuma kweli lizwe, nje kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kuLwandle Black. Log shaft imele nobunzulu kweemitha 18. Ubude lilonke le umqolomba lincinane kunye kwezitulo emxinwa, Bathiwe wambu ngodongwe, imalunga 300 leemitha. Ngelo emazantsi kukho ichibi encinane.

Xa imozulu koMhlaba batshintsha kwiminyaka yezigidi 5.5 eyadlulayo, evukile Kuyashisa ukuya ulinganisele, izilwanyana kuphela ikwazile ukusinda abo bahlala ukuhlala enzulwini eshushu mqolomba phantsi komhlaba. Movile emqolombeni yenye lwemvelo ezininzi angaqhelekanga umhlaba omiweyo ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezingenamqolo ukuba bebeziqhelanisa kwiimeko ezimaxongo entolongweni lwabo komhlaba. Ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi bafunda ezi 46 iintlobo ezingenamqolo esemhlabeni nesemanzini, 31 kuzo zange ziphunyeziwe ngaphezulu.

Cave Imfono (Romania): iifoto ezingenamqolo

Inkoliso yabemi emqolombeni kwakucingwa ukuba udidi ezinamaqokobhe, intlanzi kunye nezinambuzane. iintlobo elinesibhozo eziphilayo zasemanzini zibandakanya tyaba, ngeenxa (nematodes, rotifers), annelids, yaye ezi rhorho uyimfama, iinkumba kunye nepidae ezidla. Nomqolomba kwakhona springtails ekhaya, amasongololo.

Movile emqolombeni kumzantsi Romania yimeko-bume enye ngokupheleleyo. Nangona isilela phantse ngokupheleleyo ingqibelelo kunye nokukhanya kwelanga, nomqolomba a ecosystem okhulayo, ezele iintlobo ngeentlobo eziphilayo, ukususela ezineqokobhe ezincinane isopods yenamvuna, izilwanyana kunye ezinamaqokobhe. Xa ezinye iiplanethi inkxaso eziphilayo ngenxa kubavelisi ezinjalo ephambili ekwaziyo photosynthesis, njengoko izityalo okanye ulele, leyo kudliwa ephezulu izinto chain lokutya.

Iinxalenye mnyama, nto leyo movile umqolomba ngokupheleleyo, abavelisi zaseprayimari neebhaktiriya aguqule icarbon dioxide kulo mba ophilileyo, kwakudada phezu kwamanzi emqolombeni. imveliso Primary ebumnyameni iqhutywa amandla ekhemikhali eziveliswa iintsholongwane ngenxa igcwala of iikhompawundi isalfure ammonia emanzini. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba chemosynthesis.

ecosystem okungaqhelekanga komhlaba uyazimela ehlabathini ngaphandle iminyaka million eliqela. Le kwikona ezifihlakeleyo ubomi phantsi komhlaba uzimele ngokupheleleyo ihlabathi ngaphandle. umoya Cave izele neegesi olonakalisayo, kodwa ke ekhaya kwizilwanyana ezininzi iintlanga. IMethane kunye neentsholongwane nesalfure-oxidizing ezivelisa zaseprayimari, ukutya ukuxhasa womnatha oluxandileyo, iquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iintsholongwane, nomngundo, aguqulelwe ubomi ezingenamqolo ezimnyama. Ezi kunye nezinye imfihlakalo izidalwa, elingaziwayo eluntwini, baye umthombo yashukumisa zemvelo, oosonzululwazi, ababhali kunye bhanya elide.