Memory: Iintlobo kunye neempawu Laptop

Ikhompyutha, laptop, smartphone okanye icwecwe iintlobo ezimbini kwinkumbulo. Zangaphakathi ngokuqhelekileyo noxanduva ukugcinwa iifayile kunye neenkqubo zosasazo, kodwa osebenza esebenza, ngamanye amazwi, ixesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo devaysakh mihla babe isitokhwe ezaneleyo neenkumbulo zombini, kodwa kukuba umsebenzisi kufuneka nokwanda kwalo. Ukuba kwimeko ngaphakathi, unako ukuthenga nje yangaphandle hard drive, ngoko oku akusebenzi RAM.

Yintoni na?

Inkumbulo - le yifayile yethutyana ukuba igcina idata kuzo zonke iinkqubo ixesha elithile ngethuba umsebenzi wabo. Emva ifowuni icinyiwe, yogcino kususiwe. Ngoko ke, lo PC usoloko uncoma umsebenzisi ukugcina yonke idatha ukuhlelwa, ekubeni emva kokutshintshela utshintsho olungagcinwanga shwaka.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa kufikwa "RAM" kubonakala yokugcina elondoloza zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kunye software. Kodwa maxa wambi eli gama ikwabizwa ngokuba kumacebo okugcina angaphandle ezifana diski okanye izixhobo zokugcina kwi tape ngemagnethi.

Ngokubanzi, zonke iintlobo RAM zizinto nobudlova nkqubo. Bona ukugcina umatshini ikhowudi ye-software, njengoko igalelo / imveliso kunye nezinto aphakathi, apho iprosesa isebenza.

imbali yentsusa

Ngaphambi kokuba sihlole iintlobo iintlobo inkumbulo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kwaqala njani konke. Eli bali liqala sele 30 ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ke Charlz Bebbidzh babesebenza kumatshini yohlalutyo. Ezo yunithi okwakufanele ukugcina iziphumo yokubala lekhefu, wabiza i "warehouses". Yonke ingcaciso malunga nezi iiseli zoomatshini egcinwe ngohlobo emigodini kunye nelungiselelo pinion kunye.

Xa kubalwa umatshini besizukulwana sokuqala sele yenziwe, ukusebenza kwayo uthathwa zovavanyo. Kwi i "RAM" kwaye akenzi nto kuthi. ongakhetha bayo baba ezimbalwa, kwaye zisekelwe kwimigaqo emzimbeni. Bathi ezinxulumene i relay magnetic, imigca ukulibaziseka yiacoustic, iityhubhu cathode ray kunye like. D.

Emva koko RAM ukubonakala kusenokuba ukwazeka ngokupheleleyo. Amaninzi ukuba igubu ngemagnethi okanye imikhonto.

Ngenxa ukukhululwa isizukulwana yesibini iikhompyutha amelwe kukuzicingela phezu esebenzayo kunye RAM. Kanye ngelo xesha kwakukho ngemagnethi core memory. Besizukulwana sesithathu yenze uvale phambili, waza waqalisa ukusebenzisa i chip, apho kwakukho kumacandelo yekhompuyutha. Emva koko baye baqala ukuba kuvela iindidi RAM. Dynamic zigcinwe ngenxa isigxina capacitor, kwaye static - usebenzisa kusungula.

Imeko yangoku bemicimbi

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le nkqubo ikhokelele ekuthini uhlobo entsha RAM. "RAM" isekhona ixhomekeke umbane. Kwimeko zokulahleka umbane kwangoko ulahlekelwa naluphi data olungagcinwanga. Ke kaloku kukho iintlobo ezisisiseko RAM. Ba, njengokuba ngaphambili, ezimbini: eme ndawonye nabanamandla. isebenza Eyokuqala Bulelani asibambe, le yesibini - le ekondensa.

Zombini ziye kakuhle ngakumbi. Ngokwangaphandle, bakhangeleka ngathi iyunithi kunye semiconductors, nto leyo esicwangciswe njengeyunithi kunye ukufikelela simahla. imemori Dynamic ayibizi kakhulu. Okulandelayo, sithatha sihlolisise ngamnye kubo.

Le Dynamics le

RAM uye iindidi ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi angundoqo enokubekwa onamandla, okanye DRAM ekhankanywe. Yeyona hlobo luqhelekileyo iikhompyutha. Ngenxa yokuba ngokoqoqosho ngakumbi. Ukugcina ukubhobhoza kwayo, iphuhlise isekethe eyodwa equka iinxalenye ezimbini: a capacitor kunye transistor.

Esi sakhiwo ayibizi kakhulu kwaye nenoqoqosho. Oku kungenxa kwiqhezu linye ukubamba capacitors ezinkulu transistors, kunokuba kwenye uhlobo umnqongo.

Eyona ethile amanqaku aphambili "RAM" leyo kuthathwa ukuba isantya yayo. Isebenza kancinci njengoko ukutshintsha ubume capacitor kufuneka intlawulo ixesha elingakumbi kunye nokugxothwa. Le nkqubo ithatha izihlandlo ezilishumi ngaphezulu uguqulelo static. Kwakhona, le hlobo inomnye sithintelo apho capacitors ixesha alahlwayo. Ngaphezu koko, inokubuyiselwa ezinxulumene capacitance zombane kunye evuzayo current enkulu.

Oku kungenxa yokusilela kwale hlobo yokugqibela yegama layo: isimangalo unciphisa ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye ngoko ke, kukho amandla. Noko ke, baphulukana lonke ulwazi, i capacitor ingahlawulwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko ayolule ubomi babo. Ukuze uqalise ukubuyisela, kufuneka wenze ixesha ukufunda yetshathi. Usebenza kuzo zonke imigca uluhlu memory. Esi siganeko ulawula kumqhubekekisi okanye memory isilawuli.

statics

Olu hlobo memory transistors. SRAM ayifuni ukuchacha, yaye ngenxa yoko igama lawo. Eyona abaxhamla kule memory - ngesantya esiphezulu. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba indlela eyenza ukulungisa namasango logic elula, ngoko ukuswitsha Okokuqala akufuneki ixesha elininzi.

Kodwa ke kufuneka ukubeka up ebiza ngemali. Isibakala sokuba transistors ukuba uphelelwe, ayafana ebiza ngaphezu ngohlobo lokuqala kwinkumbulo. Ngaba akuyi kuchaphazela iindlela zabo iindleko kunye neqela eliphezulu ngawo. Kwakhona transistors abahlala isithuba kakhulu kwiqhezu elinye.

RAM static phantse akaze asetyenziswe iiPC namhlanje. Kudla ibekwe ukuba RAM superfast umbutho, leyo banokubenzakalisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukubonakala are ekhohlisayo

Ukuze ngaphandle chonga iindidi kwinkumbulo yekhomputha kufuneka kuhle kakhulu ukubaqonda. Umsebenzisi avareji asikwazi ukwenza nto. Kukuba xa Andithethi malunga iimodyuli ze desktops kunye laptops.

Noko ke, ngoku zihlelwe iintlobo ezininzi RAM. Ezinye zazo asetyenziswa ngoku, abanye baye kudala yaphela ukuvela ezivenkileni, kodwa sekunjalo zifumaneka abadala computer isizukulwana. Kwaye abaninzi imifuziselo zangaphambili olukhuni kakhulu ngakumbi iinketho imibala baba.

FPM

Le imemori yofikelelo oluzenzekelayo linamandla. Yaso ephambili yokusebenza ilula: kuba idatha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwiphepha eye isetyenziswe kwixesha elidlulileyo. Le iteknoloji ingqamana Indlela layo igama Fast Page. Ngoku sidibana "RAM" enjalo kunqabile, ekubeni waba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Ke amaqabane aso baba 486 kunye Pentium entsha.

EDO

Le yenye inkumbulo, iindidi ezaziwa kancinane. Yena ngaphambili kangangoko wasebenza 1995 yaye ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuba Pentium iprosesa yokuqala. Waba ngcono inguquko yangaphambili. Ukusebenza kwangaxeshanye izenzo ezimbini ngaxeshanye: ukhetha ibhloko elandelayo ngexesha waya iprosesa elidlulileyo.

SDRAM

ukhetho RAM smart kakhulu. Kuyinto fast ukuze ngokulula banxibelelane rhoqo kumqhubekekisi. Umgaqo a anzima kakhulu: nj inamacandelo amabini. Ngexesha ukusebenza esebenzayo, owokuqala esibhekiswa bat, kunye nezinye kumalungiselelo ale senzo. Lo mnqongo zaye zasasazeka kakhulu 1996. Waza waqala ukusebenzisa ngokukhutheleyo kubanjiswene ne-Intel. Kwaba nande kakhulu, ngoko SDRAM yayithandwa de 2001.

Le memory Iintlobo zangaphambili waqutyulwa nokuqutyulwa nge impindezelo. Kwaya kathathu ngokukhawuleza kwe FPM, yaye kabini - Edo. Abasetyenzisiweyo 133 MHz.

DDR

Olu oluphuculiweyo inguqulelo ezidlulileyo. Kubonakele nje ngo-2001. Utshintsho ephambili Akukho iwotshi, kodwa ngqo umsebenzi ngokwawo. Ngoku, xa i data kumjikelo enye ezidluliselwa kabini.

DDR2

Kucacile ukuba oku nokuqhubekeka inguquko yangaphambili. Kubonakele ngo-2003, kodwa chipsets eziveliswa ngayo de kunyaka olandelayo. Kanye DDR2 yangaphambili «umkhululi," basenokugqithisela i data kabini kumjikelo clock ngamnye. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi iimodyuli ezimbini - a lungiswa rhoqo iwotshi, ethe yafumaneka ngenxa uphuculo zezakhiwo. Le nguqulelo uye waphila ixesha elide ukusukela ezithile iziphene. Ngenxa yokubakho qho yi utsalo olubonakalayo kwinkqubo memory.

DDR3

Enye hayi ngaphantsi edumileyo memory - DDR3. Iintlobo "operativok" libhekisela kuthotho SDRAM. Yathatha isizukulwana yangaphambili. Isetyenziswa izixhobo zokubala, kwakunye ngokuba ukukhunjulwa yevidiyo.

Lo mnqongo khetho iye Qaphela ngakumbi: konga ukuya kwi amandla-40%. Nciphisa amandla kulawulwa ngokuthi kusetyenziswe 90-NM iprosesa technical. Kulo mzekelo, nj yenziwe kwaye transistors kabini-isango, nenoxanduva nje kuba imisinga ukuvuza.

Trouble yeyokuba umnqongo kweli xesha wajika iguqulwe kancinane. isitshixo sakhe ngoku ebekwe kwenye indawo, ngoko, wabeka inkumbulo kwi DDR2, akunakwenzeka ukubeka. Noko ke, oko kwenziwa ngenxa yesizathu. zombane iparameters musa utshatise ezi modyuli, khon 'ukuze kuthintelwe izicwangciso eziphosakeleyo, batshintsha indawo weqhosha.

DDR4

imemori New kwemvelo. Iindidi SDRAM weza kwisigqibo esisiso. umnqongo omtsha kwinginginya baphume ngo-2014. Yena ngcono iimpawu rhoqo kwaye yehlise unikezelo ombane amandla. Umehluko omkhulu ukusuka kwisizukulwana oludlulileyo: kabini inani yeebhanki (iiyunithi 16).

Ngoku ke bandwidth nayo ngcono kakhulu kwaye kuthiwa ukufikelela kangangoko 25 Gb / s. Yaye liphuhlise ubuchwepheshe obutsha ephucula ukuthembeka zonke iinkqubo. Kule imemori uye iprosesa yaso - Intel Haswell-E / Haswell-EP.

RAMBUS

Le ntlobo memory eyahlukileyo, iimpawu zazo kakhulu phezulu. It yasungulwa ngo-1996. Wagqiba ekubeni athabathe kwinkampani Intel. "RAM" ucime ngcono kakhulu kunokuba "asebenza 'yakhe. Kufunyenwe ilayisensi iinkxalabo ezaziwayo. Kamva osekwe motherboards eziliqela. Bona wabonisa iziphumo ezisemagqabini.

Kwenzeka ukuba phambi kokuba yenziwe, Intel ibhaqe imposiso, ngenxa leyo yalahlekelwa $ 100 million. Ngoku lo mnqongo lisetyenziswa enqabile. Kodwa ke nangoku PlayStation 2 kunye PlayStation 3.

zokubhalela

Ngokungafaniyo RAM memory for laptops kunye iiPC ngokuthe kuphela ubukhulu kunye namagama. Ngoko ke, ukuba awaphinde onke ngasentla akwenzi ngqiqo. Ukukhetha le umnqongo ukuba icebo, kufuneka ukufunda zonke iintlobo ezikhoyo lwe memory for incwadi, ukuqinisekisa ngokuhambelana yayo kunye motherboard kwaye basebenze kunye nangamanani.

I 'RAM "kuqala nouta yakhululwa ngo-2002. Yaba imodeli SO DIMM SDRAM. Ngoku akunakwenzeka sele ukufumana naphi na. Ndandishumayela rhoqo 100 MHz ne-133 MHz. SO DIMM DDR wabonakala kancinci - ngo-2005. Iye yaba umyalelo yobukhulu enamandla ngakumbi. Ndafumana 266, 333 no-400 MHz. Indawo isitshixo kuthelekiswa imodeli lwangaphambili litshintshile kakhulu. SO DIMM DDR2, malunga "nabalingane 'zabo ukusuka kwisizukulwana edlulileyo, iye nayo yaba namandla ngakumbi: nezihlandlo ubuninzi ukuya ku 800 MHz. Key kwakhona kodwa ngenxa 1 mm yasiwa, xa kuthelekiswa ne-DDR, okukhokelela ukudideka nokuhambisana.

SO DIMM DDR3 bangena kwimarike ngo-2009. iqhosha indawo yahluke kakhulu ukusuka imodeli elidlulileyo, abasebenzisi ongenamava ngoko ke asikwazi ukuya engalunganga. Le Ukuxhaphaka eliphezulu le yunithi ekufikelelwe 1600 MHz.

Zokubhalela zatshintsha, iguqulwe, kwaye inkumbulo kubo nako siguqulwe. Imodyuli elandelayo waba Micro DIMM DDR2. umthamo wayo 1 GB, nto leyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba umsebenzisi.

Ngoku imeko RAM Laptop ezimbini. Isibakala sokuba iimodeli ezininzi nenkqubo ehlangeneyo, kwaye endaweni "RAM" akwenzeki. Ngoko ke, imfuno modules for noutom ngoku ezincinane kakhulu. Abo kusafuneka ukwandisa umthamo wendawo yokugcina yethutyana, bachitha ixesha elininzi ukufumana ukhetho elungileyo.

Ngoku, ukuze ukumelana kwikhompyutha i-izicelo Internet kunye ofisi, loo nto iya kuba yanele 1GB "RAM". Kodwa nabadlala kufuneka ujonge Ukrainian lunee ntlobo ezinamandla ngakumbi. Umzekelo, Kingston SO-DIMM DDR3 4GB PC10660. Kukho lo operative memory Laptop phantse 2 amawaka engange. Umthamo kwalo, njengokuba igama layo lixela, kuba gigabytes-4. Uhlobo - DDR3, kwaye rhoqo iwotshi - 1333 MHz.

Phakathi kwezinye iinkampani ezivelisa iminqongo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kukho Samsung, Corsair, Hynix, kupheliswe. Kuba abanini desktop kukho iinketho enamandla kakhulu, nto leyo ngokukhethekileyo umdla abalandeli imidlalo yekhompyutha - Kingston HyperX ubushushu Red Series. Isethi "RAM" kuquka iimodyuli ezimbini-4 GB. Uhlobo - DDR3, kwaye rhoqo iwotshi - 1866 MHz. Ixabiso le RAM ngu 3,500 engange.