Leo Kekushev - lomhleli: iifoto, engobomi, wakha eMoscow

Ngelo xesha, wezakhiwo obalaseleyo Leo Kekushev wakwazi ukuphepha umsebenzi yomkhosi ukuba ethunyelwa uyise, umcebisi enkundleni. Nyana wakwazi ukuba abazali bakhe imfuneko. Yena umakhi yokuqala enkulu abasebenza isimbo Art Nouveau. Ngena kwi ngohlobo ingonyama ephawulwe yonke imisebenzi yakhe eMoscow wezakhiwo , abanyanisekileyo.

Umcebisi Inkundla usapho

Biography womzobi qwa Lev Nikolayevich Kekusheva ligcwele amabala amnyama. Abanye abaphandi bobuchule yayo kunye ngobomi kukholelwa ukuba wazalwa ngo-1862 e Saratov. Abanye bathi wezakhiwo wazalelwa Vilna, kwiPhondo Warsaw. Ukususela oko, siya kusondela kuyo.

Lev Nikolaevich Kekushev ke Wakhulela kwintsapho yasemkhosini. Uyise kuyakhathaza kwi Pavlovsky webutho, apho wayemi ebukumkanini Polish. Kuyabonakala ukuba, kulapho ke kuqala wadibana umfazi wakhe elizayo. Igama lakhe Constance. Yena ke intombi enomhlaba Polish.

Ngowe-1861 intloko-ntsapho iye yagqiba ekubeni umhlala phantsi. Waye wajoyina i-inkonzo yoluntu. indawo yakhe entsha yomsebenzi yaba Corps zenjineli. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo inkonzo, kwafuneka ukuba afudukele kwezinye iingingqi. Xa ngamaxesha awohlukeneyo wahlala eSt Petersburg, Pskov, Novgorod, ngoxa kuhlala Vilna. Kwaba apho wazalelwa unyana wakhe - womzobi elizayo. Ngeli xesha utata wekhaya wonyuselwa isikhundla sokuba ngumcebisi wenkundla.

Ngaphandle Lva Kekusheva, ngubani umntwana 3, kwakukho abantwana 6. Le ntsapho ubomi ayezizityebi. Kungenxa yoko le nto abazali baye ekujoliswe inzala yabo ukuze bafumana imfundo ephucukileyo, njengoko wenza kube lula ukuba ukubala ngokongeza okulungileyo umsebenzi wenkonzo kwixesha elizayo.

Yemifuniselo yokuqala

Xa th 1883, uLwazi oselula abathembekileyo waphumelela kwisikolo yobuchwephetshe Vilna. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba sele iye yabonisa isakhono ezicacileyo zobugcisa uthiyiwe ngokumba umkhosi, waya eSt Petersburg. Waye wazimisela ukuba angene Institute of Engineers Civil, eyabakho ke nyaka.

Phakathi kweendonga kwesi sikolo wafundiswa elizayo ezifana nabayili dumeke xa V. Vialichkin, ivanov-ukuqhela noN Markov.

Xa waba umfundi Kekushevu Lvu Nikolaevichu kwakufuneka enze inani yomsebenzi yomfundi ozimeleyo, apho kwakhona wabonisa italente wakhe ongaqhelekileyo ngenxa yokudweba.

Ekupheleni yoqeqesho, wayezithethelela ngeprojekthi yakhe ithisisi, yayibizwa ngokuba "Slaughterhouse eSt Petersburg." Ngaphambi nje kokuba iziqu bakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi iKomiti yezobugcisa-kulwakhiwo Ministry of Interior. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1888 waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo waza waba injineli civil yobungcali. Ukongeza, ukuba wawongwa imbasa yesilivere impumelelo yakhe bokwakha.

Emva koko, Lev Kekushev wasebenza ngokufutshane isicwangciso isixeko oncedisayo. Noko ke, ngo-1890 wagqiba ekubeni umhlala, waya komdala.

umcebisi

Kwikomkhulu, abanyanisekileyo wagqiba ekubeni azinikele practice ikakhulu zabucala bokwakha. Ngoko ke, waqala internship kwi ngokomakhi fashion S. Eybushittsa waza waba umncedisi wakhe. Kule sikhundla, ke bathatha inxaxheba izakhiwo Okhotny neebhafu central.

Ubukhulu becala, ezi zifundo ziye zanceda umyili abadumileyo kuphela nokuntlalutyisa indlela ngokomakhi oselula, kodwa ukwenza isangqa basenokuba ngabaxhamli beenkonzo, phakathi leyo banikwa weza evela kwiintsapho merchant.

Ukongeza, ngexesha internship Kekushev yakwazi kakuhle izakhono ezahlukeneyo zobuchule zokuhombisa izicelo. Oku kubhekiselele nzini, electroplating, kunye ngasekhohlo zeglasi nentsimbi.

workshop Own bokwakha

Kekushev bagqiba uqeqesho ngo-1893. Emva koko, wavula ngokuqinileyo yakhe bokwakha. Ngelishwa, amaxwebhu malunga nemisebenzi kulo masifundisane, phantse akazange asinde. Kodwa ke kukho ubungqina malunga labazobi lowo wenziwe umsebenzi wakhe, ebuka ulwakhiwo eziliqela iiprojekthi zokwakha nokuphuhlisa umhombiso ngaphakathi kunye olungaphambili.

Ezi abancedi aba, umzekelo, bazalwana Shutsmany. Ba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, bathatha inxaxheba kuyilo Pomakazi Korobkov kunye nenzuzo Frank House. Kwakhona esweni inkqubela ekwakhiweni Nicholas kudederhu lweevenkile.

Ezinye Abancedisi Kekusheva intsimbi Voeikov V. noN Shevjakov. Kwakhona, kwakukho abadumileyo Russian abayili A. Kuznetsov and I. Fomin isikolo lokwakha.

Ukongeza ekusebenzeni kwi-ofisi, Kekushev wasebenza njengomfundisi kwi School Technical kwikomkhulu. Iimfuno iindawo wakwazi ukwakha laboratory imichiza.

Kekushev kwaye afundiswe Stroganov School of Industrial Art. Wabanika abafundi kwizifundo zabo silvering, nokwakhiwa zentsimbi kunye nokwakheka. Waza waqala ukusebenza ngowe sesinye sezikolo zobunjineli.

Iminyaka emihlanu, abanyanisekileyo wakhonza womzobi wesithili. Kwaye ndiye ndakwazi ukwakha isakhiwo lwabo izinto style Moorish ukuba almshouses egameni zekhompyutha.

Umyalelo Imperial

Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-90 ukuya Kekushev weza uzuko kuqala. Ngokuthe ngcembe, waqala ujikele wezakhiwo eqhelekileyo womzobi baziincamisa. Kungelo xesha ke wafumana umyalelo * uKhesare Nicholas II.

Ngexesha le minyaka, walungisa ibekwa ezisemthethweni kwenkosi entsha. Kuba kuthe, kwagqitywa ekubeni likhuphe yinxalenye Tverskaya Street, isakhiwo yesiXeko Koti kunye nokuvuka Square. Ngenxa yoko kwathiwa ukhuphiswano ezifanelekileyo, apho yazinyaswa yi abakhi kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, indlela waba ezandleni Kekusheva. Ke kaloku, emva kwexesha elithile, uye wagqitywa ngempumelelo lo msebenzi. Ukususela ngoko, igama wezakhiwo wayesele esaziwa kubo bonke obo bukhosi.

indlela entsha

Lo xesha, ubomi yenkosi yabalasela yinto yokuba wezakhiwo, onyanisekileyo, ogama biography lizele izibakala umdla, ngokuthe ngcembe wafudukela indlela yokuyilwa ngobugcisa kwayo Art Nouveau.

Umsebenzi wokuqala loo indlu yokuhlala Khludovs, egqalwa omnye weyona mizekelo ebalaseleyo lo mkhuba. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sakhiwo yakhiwa, kodwa walondoloza olungaphambili.

isimbo Le wezakhiwo iye yaxhasa inani developers real estate eyinkunzi kunye abathengi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, phakathi kwabo kwakukho Kuznetsova, neempumlo, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Savva Mamontov kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala

Ngeli xesha, ukuba kuza Kekushev impumelelo ezinzulu zemali. Waba ingcali liyathandwa kweli entsimini. Eyaziwa usomashishini Savva Mamontov wagqiba ukuzisa wezakhiwo edumileyo kweeprojekthi zabo. Umzekelo, Kekushev inxaxheba ekwakheni Northern Railway, kwaye kananjalo eyenzelwe nenqaba amanzi kwenye kwizikhululo zikaloliwe ikomkhulu likaThixo.

Kodwa mhlawumbi projekthi zibalaseleyo edibeneyo yaba kukwakha yehotele "Metropol".

Ngeli xesha Kekusheva elimisiweyo umyili oyintloko le mibutho mibini. Yaba inkampani yeinshorensi, nto leyo yaceba ukwakha zokuhlala zodidi phantsi "isitshixo" kwi isimbo Art Nouveau, yaye inkampani homebuilding, nto leyo nje benza ekwakhiweni "Metropol". Le mbono fanele kumnini yehotele S. Mamontov. Ngelishwa, ngaxa ezithile wagqiba ukunika ngqo ukuya wezakhiwo V. Vilkotu. waqala ukwakha, kodwa baqonde iprojekthi Mamontov ayaba nako, kuba amangalelwe omkhulu zokuxhaphaza kanye wabanjwa. Ngokusebenzisa ixesha yakhe, egwetyelwe yena, kodwa wonakele ishishini.

Abanikazi ezintsha yehotele kwakhona wamema Kekusheva, ngoko ke unako ukwenza ukuhluzwa kweprojekthi Vilkota. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba Kekusheva inxalenye enikiweyo impumelelo olukhulu lweshishini.

Ukongezelela kulwakhiwo "Metropol", unyanisekile, yaye baqalisa ukwakha eyakhe indlu yabo inzuzo. Kwakhona umyili esakhiwe nandawo yayo Ostozhenka. Usomashishini uMnu Liszt yayichwayitile umyili ekhaya Kekusheva. Wacela isakhiwo ngexabiso elikhulu. Kekushev ayikwazanga ukwala.

Waqalwa bobuchule

Creative Leo Kekusheva kwincopho weza ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ekuveleni kwenkulungwane kwakhe ingqalelo umnyibilikisi, kunye umlandeli othembekileyo Moscow Art Nouveau. Yaba ngeli xesha, kukho izakhiwo eMoscow umyili Leo Kekushev yenzelwe kwaye wakha ezifana izindlu kunye Mindovsky I. Nosov, Iberia shopping arcade, kwakunye kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Tsaritsyno. Kwakhona, ngokutsho amacebo akhe ndikhuphe yokungena ukusuka Arbat kunye nenani emagumbini yokutyela "Prague". Ukongeza, Kekushev kwafuneka ukuba amalungiselelo iiholo ye-Pomakazi Morozov ukuba Prechistenke.

Ngokubanzi, yonke into eMoscow umyili Kekushev okwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ezi zakhiwo apha umphefumlo wakhe. Befanelekile ingqalelo. Kuba zonke izibonelelo zawo luphawulwa ukufunda phantse okuzalisekileyo ngaphakathi.

Ixesha Troubles

Xa kwafika revolution yokuqala Russian, abantu baqalisa ukutshintsha. Ukuba ngaphambi iziganeko ka 1905 yaye kulawulwa bokwakha eqaqambileyo modernist kusasa, emva kokuba lo mkhuba omusha yaba laconic, ndazibamba mihla emantla.

Ngelishwa, umakhi Lev Nikolaevich Kekushev okanye engavumi, okanye akakwazi ukusebenza kwicala entsha, ukuthandwa kwakhe negunya aqala ukuncipha.

Ngowe-1907 wayeza ukwakha yokutyela ebizwa ngokuba "El Dorado." Enyanisweni, le projekthi wayefanele ukuba abe ngomnye iingcamango ezinkulu womzobi. Noko ke, isakhiwo waqala ukwakha kwenye ingcali. Ngenxa yoko, ulwakhiwo yagqitywa, kodwa zokwahluka ezinkulu kakhulu ukusuka L. Kekusheva imizobo. Last indalo ngokucacileyo lokwakha - isibhedlele ukuba i yoTshintsho. Yayakhelwe phambi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ngo-1912.

umsebenzi ekugqibeleni wezakhiwo Kekushev eyenziwa ngaphandle ngokucacisa somntu kakhulu.

ukufa

Emva 1912, okumiselwe Kekusheva wazuza inkalo kabuhlungu ngokwenene. Kwakubonakala ukuba wezakhiwo yaye akazange athenge iimvumelwano. ukuba nje Wabeka imifanekiso ekwiincwadi ezahlukeneyo indalo yakhe yakudala.

Kwakhona ngako non-amadoda alwa nawe. Noko ke, kungenzeka ukuba uqinisekise ukuba iijenali umsebenzi, yena ngethamsanqa uyaphila yaye maxa wambi safudukela kwindlu entsha.

disengagement ezinjalo, ngokutsho biographers, umakhi, kwabangelwa yokugula ngengqondo. Ezinye mbali bakholelwa ukuba umyili Kekushev wahlala kuye ngenxa ohlangabezana buqu kunye nemisebenzi kutshanje.

Enoba Kwathi, xa October Revolution kunye imfazwe yamakhaya, inkosi unyamalale ngokupheleleyo. Kuyinto akwaziwa Xeshikweni ngoko aphumileyo, yaye xa wangcwatywa ... Noko ke, ngokutsho kwenye izalamane zakhe, Leo Kekushev wafa ngowe-1917 esibhedlele. Bamngcwabela kwenye amangcwaba ikomkhulu likaThixo ... Indlela memory izakhiwo Kekushev umyili ngasekhohlo yakhe eMoscow. Izithombe umsebenzi wakhe, unalo ithuba ukubona inqaku.

Esifubeni usapho

ubomi Personal womzobi igcwele iziganeko. Xa oku kwenzeka, yaye imidlalo nosapho. Kwinkulungwane kade 90 XIX Kekushev wadibana Anna Bolotova, ntombi umhlala mthetheli-mkhosi. Yena wazalwa waza wahlala Kremenchug, kwiphondo Poltava. Kwindawo intlanganiso yale ntombazana elinomtsalane wajika nje elinethoba. bezakhiwo capital kwaphumelela phantse 35. Nangona lo mahluko, watshata zintanda. Kwathi ekupheleni kuka-Apreli 1897 th-.

Ekuqaleni, esi sibini bavuya ngokwenene. abantwana babo bakhula. Lo mhlaba ke baba kuyo ehlobo Ehlathini zobungangamela Silver. Kwakhona, kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuba betshatile, bafudukela kwindlu yabo e Ostozhenka, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili. Enyanisweni, lo "izindlu kuphela 'ukuthetha ngalo oku ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzi ngobungcali womzobi. Vuma, izindlu zodidi, leyo eyakhelwe iiprojekthi yombhali, iiyunithi ephethwe.

Ngokutsho akhawunti kuphela umzukulwana womzobi, yaba mnandi, umlinganiswa abanyanisekileyo. Waba bachwayita nobubele nezalamane, abahlobo, nabo. Wayebathanda akukho nto imbi. Kodwa uthando lwakhe ngokwenene ibisoloko bokwakha. Njengomgaqo, wavuka ngentsimbi yesithandathu kusasa, waza waqalisa ukusebenza kwi-ofisi yakhe. Ngokutsho umfazi wakhe Kekusheva, waba ngumntu ngehlombe kakhulu. Yaye xa sungula, ngokufuthi lagqithisa uqikelelo eziyimfuneko. Kwimeko enjalo ngamanye amaxesha kuhlawulwa ngokwayo ilahlekile ebhegini yakhe ngenjongo ukubona lwalo izimvo zabo. Ngelishwa, ngenxa yohlobo lo msebenzi kwixesha elizayo, akashiyanga nto emva kwakhe kodwa namatyala.

Ubuncinane i intsapho yonwabe yathatha iminyaka elishumi. Ngowe-1906, abanyanisekileyo wagqiba ekubeni afudukele kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Ngokutsho imithombo engaqinisekiswanga, ityala elo ikhefu yaba ukukrexeza ngumfazi wezakhiwo. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, waqalisa ukuba wathandana nomnye noogxa bakhe kumasifundisane Kekusheva.

Noko ke, esi sibini ziye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wayezama ukwakha ubuhlobo babo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kwakukho ixesha xa babehlala ndawonye kwakhona. Kodwa ke wemka kwakhona. Zonke ezi nzame yaba lilize ukugcina umtshato.

Lomhleli Kekushev: abantwana

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, intsapho oselula Kekusheva wayenabantwana. sibini amazibulo odumileyo wazala unyana, uNicholas. Wazalwa kwi ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 1898. Ngowe-1901 umfazi womzobi wamnika intombi, Tatiana. Waza ke kunyaka olandelayo wazalwa nentombi omncinane Katya.

UNyana Nicholas waya waba wendiza odumileyo. Ngowe-1924, yena ikuqaphele IMbasa Red Banner. Ke wakhokela imisebenzi emkhosini kummandla nakwiiriphabliki Central Asia.

Ngowe-1930, wasebenza nje Aviation oomatshini ezibandayo. Ngelo xesha ke waba lilungu le crew VP Golovin. Ezi abaqhubi ikwazile nomhlaba okokuqala kwi-North Pole, xa belungiselela ukugaleleka hambo eyaziwa wamazwe polar Ivan Papanin.

Xa IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic kunye kokurhangqwa eLeningrad, Nicholas wakhupha nabemi moya luluntu eyinkunzi osemantla kwi ukuhlasela. Xa akhawunti wakhe ngokomyalelo amahlanu moya.

Emva kwemfazwe yena entolongweni, uze step waya enkampini. Xa kwakhululwa yena, wagqiba ukubhala incwadi memoirs yakhe. Eyona nto imangalisayo, akukho iinkcukacha malunga ubomi nokufa uyise odumileyo kulo msebenzi.