Lamp izibane inkathazo injini, ukuba benze ntoni? injini yokulungisa

Injini - intliziyo umatshini, yaye yintoni imeko oko kwenziwe, kuxhomekeke iimoto yokusebenza. Akusoloko motor isebenza ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ukuba kukho izizathu ezininzi zombini zomsebenzi kunye nobugcisa. Kodwa namhlanje, kunye nenkqubo enamandla diagnostic, ukuvumela ukuba sizilindele umonakalo isigqibo songqamano olubuthathaka kakhulu. Makhe sithethe ngezinto ntoni xa kufika ukukhanya kule kusilela injini, nendlela ukuze ilungiswe.

Overview

Wokulungisa kweemoto ubuso, hayi zonke wemoto. Xa usebenzisa umatshini ngendlela njengoko kufunwa yi ngumvelisi, akuthandeki ukuba kuza kwenzeka naziphi na iingxaki. Kodwa ixesha ayitshintshi ioli, ayigqitywanga bangaphila nemiphumo emibi kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuya kukhokelela kwi kakhulu ukulungiswa, yaye okubi - ezinkulu. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba izibane isibane, ukungaphumeleli injini, yinto ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba eli xesha ukuya kwi "gqirha", kwimeko yethu, ukuze le nkonzo.

Ngoko ke, izizathu ngenxa apho ukulungisa motor ezifunekayo ingaba ubunzima. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi kungenxa yokwanda banxibe of piston, nto leyo inceda ukunciphisa amandla nokunyusa amafutha. Kodwa ngokukodwa kule ngongoma, siza kuthetha kamva. Ingongoma ephambili kukuba lokulungiswa iinjini idizili kunye nepetroli nganye enye eyahlukileyo. Kufuneka iqondwe, kuba ukuba unawo amava kunye injini diesel, oko akuthethi akuthethi ukuba ipetroli IbuyiselweName ngqo. Nangona iinjini kunye nomsebenzi kumgaqo, banalo umahluko zezakhiwo. oku Konke yokuba, phambi kokuba ulungiso, kufuneka uqonde kancinci kunye kuyilo uzakuqonda indlela izinto. Emva koko, kungakuhle ukuba bafune isiphako ekhokelele ukuba ukusilela ethile. Zonke ezi ngongoma ziya kuchazwa kweli nqaku. Kodwa siza kuqala kakhulu ezibalulekileyo kakhulu elula.

uqilima

Kwiimeko ezininzi, bonke iqala into yokuba umqhubi akazange ahlangabezane neemfuno ezingundoqo. Kuba ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo nasiphi na isithuthi, akunamsebenzi - yinto imveliso yasekhaya okanye hayi, kufuneka ukusifaka rhoqo. Ukuze wenze oku, umlinganiselo othile siphalaza ioli, ekufuneka njalo indawo. Xa umsebenzi, oko lubricates i Pistons ukutshiswa injini lwangaphakathi kunye nezinye iindawo ngokukhuhla, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ukukhuhlana, ukwandisa imveliso nokucutha banxibe. Kodwa ke ngokuhamba kwexesha ioli singcolile, ndingabi ukuzalisekisa injongo yayo yokuqala. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni imiphezulu zochuku benithobele ekunyukeni banxibe. Ngenxa yoko, i-injini unokuba ngqi, kwaye ke ngaphandle kuncendile enkulu akwanelanga. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, imeko oyile lokhozi.

abavelisi abaninzi Siyaleza ukutshintsha i-oyile motor kanye lonyaka okanye zonke 8-10 ophosa. Kodwa enye impazamo eqhelekileyo kukuba ioli, obuphalazelwe phezu umgangatho engalunganga. Kananjalo akuyi kunenza nantoni na elungileyo. Lucky xa ubona nje kwankqonkqoza kwi injini kwaye ucele uncedo. Oli lokuhlanganisa injini uya kuhlamba waphuphuma ezintsha. Ke ukuqhuba imisebenzi ummiselo, kwaye ungaya kwakhona. Noko ke, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yeoli kukho iingxaki. Umzekelo, nokulungiswa iinjini diesel ukuze kufuneka ngenxa yokonakala ngokugqithisileyo iinxalenye iimoto, Pistons kunye nokudinwa m. P. Apha indima enkulu idlala indlela yokusebenza isithuthi.

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela ukusilela iinjini ipetroli nedizili

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, kukho inani elikhulu izinto ezichaphazela ubomi injini. Phakathi iqhosha - eluthulini kunye ubumdaka, owathi ngenxa element filter bawele ngqo kwi-injini. Umzekelo, iinjini diesel ziyivela kakhulu umgangatho amafutha. Elimsulwa ezifana namanzi kunye isalfure, kungakhokelela umhlwa of nemilomo kunye iimpompo, ngenxa luphembelela unikezelo amafutha. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu yaye indlela nentshukumo, i rhoqo ukumisa kunye ukuqala, kokuma futhi likufikela. Ukuba ngeemoto esebenza ixesha elide kwimo enye, oko kuya kungena ngokomyalelo elide. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kunciphisa ubomi injini, - ngenkonzo engekho kwisikhululo. Ngelishwa, kuba zicwadi kunzima ukuchonga, kamsinya nje yonke into yokulungisa kubonakala ukuba kuhle, iingxaki yokuqala adibene yi ngeekhilomitha amawaka aliqela.

Ukuba izibane isibane, ukungaphumeleli injini, kuyimfuneko ukwenza into ethile, kwaye uyayiqonda yonke umqhubi. Kodwa yintoni ukwenza ntoni kule meko, yaye apho ungajonga umonakalo? Mhlawumbi sisebenzisana injini nobushushu, okanye mhlawumbi into yenzeka umgangatho umxube amafutha-moya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ngxaki kufunelwa ixesha elide. Kodwa kukho eziliqela iimpawu ezinokusinceda kulo. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga abo ezinkulu, uze ufunde indlela yokucombulula iingxaki zixhaphakileyo ngezandla zabo.

ukuthambisa ajikeleze akwanelanga

Babizwa ngokuba "yindlala ioli" ngoyena nobangela ephambili ukungasebenzi injini. Phantse onke amatyala ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo inkqubo ayoneli okanye angekhoyo. Sele emva kwemizuzwana embalwa yokusebenza injini ngaphandle iibheringi ukuthambisa ajikeleze ebushushwini babo, ngoko kukho submelting aktifriktsionnogo ifaka umaleko. Isiphumo elihle kulo mzekelo - ume injini, oko kukuthi, jamming wayo. Ukuba okufakwa musa cranked ezibhedini zawo, kweentonga ezo yokudibanisa kwaye crankshaft akuthethi ukufumana umonakalo ebalulekileyo. Ukuba sizama ukuzitshintsha lever crankshaft okanye uthengisa, uya kufumana kuphela kakhulu, kufuneka ukuba ayiqonde. Nokuba injini ibuyiselwe ngempumelelo, "ioli yindlala" iya kuchaphazela kamva.

Amaninzi kumaqondo obushushu sub-zero, abaqhubi kufuneka ubunzima motor ukubaleka. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokwanda viscosity oyile. Oku kuyinyaniso ezaqanjwa kwezimbiwa. Ezenziwe ezibonisa ngcono ngokwayo kwiqondo lobushushu zombini ephantsi phezulu. Njengoko ngenxa uxilongo ngokokusilela ( "ioli yindlala"), ngoko ke kufuneka usebenzise ulungiso gauge ukujonga izinga. Oku kwenziwa kwi i "iqhosha lokulayita", oko kukuthi, iimoto kufuneka angawuqalisi kangangexesha elithile. Ukongeza, i-injini "Mercedes" Vaz nayiphi na enye zincwadi Womenzi ohambelana leyo Ikhanyisa xa kukho uxinzelelo zaneleyo kwidashboard.

Nobushushu kwe-injini kunye yonke into enxulumene nayo

Le motor zingamoshakala ngenxa nobushushu, ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Amaxesha amaninzi ingxaki ilele ukungaphumeleli kwenkqubo sokupholisa, leyo uyayeka ukwenza umsebenzi wayo nangempi ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ke, ngaphandle koku, depressurization intloko cylinder kukhokelela ukuba nefuthe elibi ezifana, nobushushu. Ngokumalunga inkqubo sokupholisa, echachambileyo zakhona umsantsa kwi radiator isinqandi akhokelela ukuvuza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimeko ezinjalo kungenzeki ngoko nangoko, kodwa emva kokuba umsebenzi elide kwesithuthi. Ngerabha athambekele nokuguga, kwaye metal - to umhlwa. Kubonakala ukuba ukuba ngamaxesha khangela inkqubo sokupholisa, oko kwenzeke ingxaki. Akukhathaliseki, nifanele niwagxothe "Volkswagen" yaye "Porsche", ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzi olungileyo ukupholisa, yena ngeke, yaye ukuba kuthi, ke kungabi ixesha elide.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba umqondiso ocacileyo yokusilela kwenkqubo sokupholisa kukunqongophala ubushushu kule ndlwana ngexesha lasebusika. Noko ke, kukho kusenokuba kukho imibhobho radiator manzi okanye isitovu eyaphukileyo. Njengokuba le nkqubo ukuvuza, oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kakhulu lobushushu apho abilayo njengesipholisi. Ekugqibeleni, ukunqongophala lungapholi kukhokelela nobushushu. Kukho ezimbini iinketho: noba yenza izixhobo zokusebenza, nto leyo nje akayi kuvumela motor ukusebenza kuyo, okanye zifuna ukulungiswa kakhulu. Umzekelo, "VW" injini ubaleka kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu, kwaye iinjini of "Mercedes" - abakumgangatho ophezulu. Ngenxa yoko, iqondo eliphezulu avumelekile kubo kwakhona ezahlukeneyo.

fuel elingasebenziyo okhethiweyo

sele ukuqonda We kancinci kutheni ukhanyiso wazimisa ukungasebenzi injini. Njengoko kudla lomqhubi impazama, kodwa ke akukho 100% yamatyala. Kwezinye iimeko, ityala ubuxoki emagxeni abaqeshwa SRT. Kodwa kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba ukujonga ngumtyholwa kunzima. Umzekelo okuphawuleka kukunqongophala umgangatho amafutha. Kutheni na inani octane eliphantsi - incoko eyahlukileyo. Kwinjini ne yintlantsi ucinezelo, oku kukhokelela detonation, okungalungileyo, kwaye loo nto yinyaniso.

Ukuba Motors Vaz ukuvumela ukuba ukunyenyisa ngesandla le angle kwangaphambili, ke ngoko, ukuba usebenzise amafutha kunye nenombolo octane eliphantsi, iinjini mihla yokuvutha kwangaphakathi, ingakumbi wokwenziwa angaphandle, akukho ithuba elinjalo. Umzekelo iphawulekayo woku iinjini "Nissan" "Volvo" kunye nabanye. Enye ingongoma umdla kukuba abaqhubi abaninzi basebenzisa ulwelo olunokutsha ukuqalisa injini kwindawo yeqabaka nzima. Ingakumbi le exhalabisa iinjini diesel. Ukwenza oku akunakwenzeka, njengoko unako ngokulula konakalisa iqela piston le.

Ukungaphumeleli injini engundoqo: izando amanzi lombhobho

Eyona mbangi iphambili ihamile amanzi - zingangeni iisilinda olwelo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukungena kwamanzi ukuya sokufunxa wawelela zezulu lokucoca ulwelo. Le esingamanzi lula ukufikelela isayizi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu elula, iyavakala ukuthetha malunga nento yokuba ezinye iimodeli imoto ezisengozini waterhammer, kunye nabanye - ubuncinane, njengoko ubume umzimba kunye nendawo umbhobho ofunxayo zahlukile. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukufumanisa oko kungasebenzi elula ngokwaneleyo. Okokuqala, yinto yokumisa kabukhali-injini. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yesizathu esilandelayo. Amanzi engena isilinda, ezizezi egumbini yokutsha. Apho ke lwayame ngokuchasene piston, kwakunye ngento engangenwa, le ukunyuka koxinzelelo kabukhali, kukho deformation yentonga yokudibanisa kwaye ayeke ngokupheleleyo enjinini.

Ngokubanzi, oonobangela konyanzeliso isando amanzi. Kodwa ukuba uhlale kuyo nayiphi na into elulwelo iziqulathi. Oku kunokuba ioli evela ekutshatyalalisweni turbocharger okanye into elolo hlobo. Isimanga, kodwa ulungiso "Mercedes" ye injini, "Audi", kunye nayiphi na enye kulo mzekelo, kuyingxaki kakhulu. Kwezinye iimeko, zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo iqela piston.

Isibane wazimisa ukusilela injini: iingxaki Sifo ngembonakalo

Kuyinto neze labaqalayo, wakhangela phantsi ukwesona emotweni, baqonde ukuba wehla injini, nokuba oko aya kulususa imiqondiso. Kodwa nantsi lweengcali onamava ukuchonga lula le ngxaki ngokuthi uhlolo olubonakalayo. Iimpawu eziphambili ukuba nandzu ICE: izandi esindayo, umbala kunye ukwakhiwa iigesi zeemoto .. ukusetyenziswa Oli, njl Kodwa apha kukho iqela iingxaki. Into yokuba ubuchule ezizodwa isetyenziselwe ukubonisa le ngxaki. Bona abanamava kunye neengcali. Kodwa apha simele silumke, ngenxa yokuba ingengabo bonke iinjini babe design zakudala. Umzekelo, iinjini "Nissan" kunye Vaz zahluke bodwa nangemiqondiso alinganayo ukusilela breakage ungalahleka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, kubalulekile ukukhangela kungekhona ngenxa yokusilela kunye ityala layo. Kwangaxeshanye, uxilongo ezibonwayo ithuba ayihambi. Umzekelo, inkosi weza kwisigqibo ukuba kutywinwe iintanda injini, "uMercedes" iyafuneka ngenxa iibheringi sokubhutyuza ngentonga. Kungenzeka, ugqiba ukutshintsha kubo ngenxa ebugxwayibeni. Kodwa ke kunjalo, hayi nje kuphela kweli iibheringi, kwaye pump oyile eyaphukileyo. Ngokubanzi, indlela ulungile yaye ilula, kodwa azisoloko zithembekile.

Zokusombulula injini mechanical

Kukhuselekile ukuba ngexesha inkinga langoku uchitha ezininzi ngeendlela. Inxalenye mechanical ye-injini kunye neenkqubo ze-elektroniki. Ngoko ke, kwimeko lokuqala kufuneka abasebenzi abanamava abangawaziyo kakuhle kwi injini ukutshiswa lwangaphakathi, kwaye eyesibini - izixhobo diagnostic.

Ke ukuba inxenye mechanical, inkathazo injini Vaz badla ezichongwe yi indlebe inkosi. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ndlela echanileyo kakhulu, kodwa ke kwiimeko ezininzi ngempumelelo kakhulu. Nayiphi na indlela diagnostic mihla ukunika ingcaciso epheleleyo malunga nemeko ye-injini, njengabo indlela uhlolo olubonakalayo.

Abaninzi abaqapheli ukuba boluvo Vaz, kunye nayiphi na enye imoto, musa nje nifuna oko. Ibonisa xi, ubushushu kunye nokubonelela nenye ingcaciso eluncedo. Ukuba isibane oyile zikhanyiswe, oko kubonisa ukuba ayanelanga okanye akukho uxinzelelo kwinkqubo. Kukho abenzi boluvo ezahlukeneyo injini, yaye bonke kuyimfuneko. Noko ke, maxa wambi kuyimfuneko yonke into efanayo ukuba ibattery injini uze ukhangele le ngxaki ngokwakho. Le ndlela ilula kwaye ibiza - hlola ucinezelo njengesilinda. Nzima kule misebenzi, nto. Thatha gauge xi kunye isinxibelelanisi ezikhethekileyo ziqinisiwe endaweni ye-plug yintlantsi okanye iiplagi. Indlela kakhulu, kodwa badla ngokungawazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana mileage, ubukho imikrwelo kwi iziqulathi. Konke oku lisenokubhidekisa ukuba repairmen bangenamava. Iindlela zokulinganisa ucinezelo kwi iisilinda iinjini idizili kunye ipetroli ezahlukileyo. Befundisi uphawu ubuncinane. Xa uxinzelelo lihla ngaphantsi kwenqanaba elithile, kunokwenzeka ukuba bagwebe ukwehluleka cylinder.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, unobangela injini ucinezelo bulb imbandezelo akusoloko ngokukhawuleza nangokulula uzimisele. Ngokufuthi kufuna ingqalelo yobungcali abanamava kunye nokufumaneka kwezixhobo ngenxa uxilongo. Kodwa nakuba kunjalo ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukufumana umfanekiso opheleleyo lweziganeko. Njengomgaqo, nawuphi na umonakalo omkhulu kufuna injini disassembly ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga. Ngenxa yoko, le repairman na ezandleni iindawo ezineziphene okanye indawo yonke. Kodwa wayedla ebonakalayo iziphene musa ukuvumela nge-100% ngokuchanekileyo ukugqiba nandzu.

Host kubaluleke kakhulu yaye luxanduva ukuphathwa injini. Oku, njengoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba ugqibe i inaliti amafutha kunye ucinezelo. Ukuxilonga ezi umtshini iimoto mihla kufuneka usebenzise neenqwelwana ezinamandla kunye nezincedisi. Xa kuziwa endala "ezintandathu" okanye "penny", ngoko kukho eyahlukileyo diagnosis kancinane. Wonke umsebenzi lwenziwa ngaphandle izixhobo ze-elektroniki. Ngamanye amaxesha, kukho ezandleni a voltmeter eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Kodwa design elula nolwazi olunzulu ivumela neengcibi ngokuchanileyo olukhulu troubleshoot, ukubasusa undikhuphele ngaphandle Ukulungiswa ucinezelo kunye amafutha inaliti.

Injini "Mercedes" Nissan "," Audi "kwaye abanye isakhiwo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukukhanda kudla imali eninzi kakhulu. Ukuba wenza oku wena, sebenzisa kuphela ezo oli Kunconywa ngumvelisi, abaza kuzisebenzisa baze bagcine nemithetho yokusebenza. nasiphi na isithuthi ixesha elide kakhulu yaye oluthembekileyo kwanaxa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu yokusebenza, kodwa izahlulo ziguge ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwaye yokusebenza iba ezingazinzanga. ngoko ke, uxilongo ngexesha kunye nokulungiswa ibaluleke kangaka. Ngoku uyazi ukuba ntoni xa kufika ukukhanya kule ukungasebenzi injini.