Kutheni liphuma dollar?

Masiqalise nembali. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II kumazwe encedisayo kwabunjwa phantsi igama nkqubo eBretton Woods. Umongo saba oku: i-dollar kuye yelizwe jikelele kunye esekelwa ngegolide. Le nkqubo ngokungagungqiyo de ekupheleni koo yokuqala, okwangoku uthembele eseleyo yonikezelo kunye nemfuno. Ukususela ngelo xesha loo dollar liphume. Kwaye lukhula rhoqo, ngoxa ndiqhubeka engundoqo reserve lwemali kweebhanki ezininzi ehlabathini, kuquka eRashiya.

Kutheni liphuma dollar? Ukunciphisa (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokuba Ukupheliswa) kwezinye asethi amazwe (kubandakanywa BRIC) phila yokuthengisa lwemali eerandi. Oku kwandisa ngokuzenzekela Imfuneko dollar. Enye inzuzo - ezithengiswayo yi-US likaNondyebo iintambo zayo. Uqoqosho US gqolo ukuba inkulu ehlabathini, njengomzekelo kwabanye.

uluntu aseMelika mhlawumbi yeyona entsha. Yiyo le phawu ikuvumela ukuba ivele ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ntlekele. Kwaye le mfanelo iyaqhubeka ekuphembeleleni kwinkolelo abatyali 'kumandla US lwemali, apho le nto dollar liyenyuka. Kakade ke, bezifumana osinde nayiphi na imeko, uqoqosho ezitsala iliso abatyali kakhulu kwihlabathi-ngokubanzi. Kwaye le nto yenza kube lula ukuthetha uzinzo kuzo zonke iimeko.

Yiya phambili. Umthetho mali olufanelekileyo lwempahla kunye isixa semali apho zingathengwa ezi mveliso, noko ilungiswe. Ngoku yena bakucaphukele iireyithi emiselweyo exchange. Kodwa ikhondo yaziwa ukuba kumiselwa Exchange.

Kubonakala ukuba le ntlekele US engakhange iGavdos. Apha kwakhona, kuba waphawula yimali, intswela intsilelo mali. Kodwa idola ingakumbi incopho ibango le ntlekele. Indida? Makube lee oko. Ngokuqonda ezibangela ukuba izinga lokukhula, siya kuphendula umbuzo esisiseko kutheni dollar ukhula.

Ukuba phantsi kwezi meko uqoqosho US laqhubeka lisanda, i-dollar umane liphakamile. Kodwa ezinye izinto kudlala indima counterweight: ukuwa amaxabiso ioli, kukho ukwehla kwezoqoqosho kuwo onke amanye amazwe.

Kodwa ixabiso lwemali liyaqhubeka nokwanda. Kutheni? Abatyali baye balahlekelwa ngumdla kwixabiso eziwa yeoli, ziye watshintshela kwi eerandi. I-dollar, njengoko yorhwebo, ezaziwayo lihlabathi liphela, iye yaba nomtsalane ngakumbi nje ngenxa yexabiso esezantsi ngeli thuba. Oku icela umbuzo kutheni dollar ekhulayo, kodwa hayi euro? Yinto elula: yi-euro - lwemali entle entsha, kodwa idola kwi inqala - trust ubudala ubudala kunye nokuqondwa, ngoko nkqu kokuwa, uya kuhlala yomeleleyo ehlabathini. Ukongeza, uluhlu olude kwamatyala langaphandle awukuvumeli US ukuba yimali. Ziyadibana ukuchaza utshintsho ukulamba abatyali-mali kunye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukukhula kwamaxabiso emali.

Le nkqubo nako kunganikwa ingqwalasela umzekelo imali engange-dollar nje. Kule minyaka 2012 xa imali engange wasemzini ukuxhathisa i Central Bank lehla nge-18%, nokuqhubeka ukuba siwe ngakumbi. Kutheni dollar lezifo, imali engange uyawa, yaye uya kuze ayeke le nkqubo maxa onke? Kutheni yibhanki eyongameleyo akakukhathalele kukuwa imali yesizwe - le engange?

Iingcali ezininzi zoqoqosho zibonisa ukuba kwintlekele yetyala yaseYurophu nokuncipha kwemfuno ioli. Kodwa maqhezu elincinane kuphela inyaniso. Isiseko yoqoqosho Russian - kwamanye amazwe. Uzinzo kweli candelo kufuneka, ngethiyori, lo msebenzi №1. Kodwa yonke into eyenzekayo abathumela kuphela icala, ngakumbi ke ukuba inxalenye enkulu sele wafumana ingeniso evela kwamanye amazwe na amazwe. Kwaye le nto yenza kube lula ukwenza umqamelo ukhuseleko lwezimali an extra 18-20% (okanye ngaphezulu).

Ngelo xesha, kwaye sono silingenwe bamazwe zemali, wayeyithanda le mali lula kwi mdlalo kwenzala. "Flight Capital" le ngxoxo kangaka, ngenene nokutsala mboleko dollar phesheya. Kwaye nangona ke ngokuyinxenye psevdokreditami ngokwabo iinkampani zabo kude nonxweme, bona kakhulu kucinywa. Phantsi koxinzelelo-mboleko, urhulumente kwakufuneka ukugcina ngokubanzi umthamo ofanayo woovimba ngurhulumente ukwenzela ukuthintela uhlaselo nkomoni kule engange. Ekupheliseni lwemali-mboleko zabucala ngokuyinxenye likhululwe izandla, ngokususa into ebangela ukuba ube notyalo-West, ngaloo ndlela ubakhuphele okunokwenziwa kubetha ezabo iimali zabo karhulumente. Kwaye - inzuzo kabini: engange dollar ngalinye kwi CB mkhulu, kwaye koovimba karhulumente sele ayikwazi ukunxulumana ekuweni inkqubo yezimali West kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, ebukele njengoko stolidly i Central Bank ukuba ukungcakaza ukuthenga dollar, ukubatshabalalisa "iphepha elinombala kwamanye amazwe." Nangona kunjalo, apho imali engange 30,76 lula "jump" ukuya ku-40 dollar ngalinye, akuba emehlweni ubungozi-ngokukhula.

Ngoku makhe sibuyele wonke. Sisondele ingqalelo ngokwayo kwindawo yokuqala? ulungelelwaniso ezipheleleyo iintshukumo zonke iimarike. Ngenxa ukukhula idola iwela euro, bonds, neoli, igolide. Kwaye isizathu - phezu komhlaba: i US wabaleka yimali. Kakade ke, unako uprinte kubo, kodwa imeko ngenxa eUnited States ngcono ayitshintshi: imfuneko refinance iimela evela phesheya, ekuphela kwendlela ukubuyisela ezinye amatyala bangaphandle. Kufuneka kubekho inkqubo ecacileyo ukusebenza i-US Federal Reserve - iibhanki US - iibhanki yaseYurophu - lwabiwo US. imali Free evela kwiibhanki yaseYurophu ungahlaliyo, kwaye European Central Bank, akwazi ukulungelelanisa umba, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, kuye kwacotha ukungena umatshini wakho. US uhlala nivuthulule konke okusemandleni azo kwiinzame zokuthintela ukuwa kwamalweyile ngendlela le dollar, ekufunxeni amatyala kuwo onke kwiimarike kunye namazwe. Le yenye impendulo umbuzo kutheni dollar ukhula.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba xa ubaleka umatshini wokushicilela le ECB ukuzinzisa le meko. Siza ulinde ...