Kutheni ku iziselo eneji phambi Radium ongezwe?

ubomi Modern esoloko ibangela ukudinwa yakho? Uvakalelwa kukuba akukho nto abanalo ixesha, yaye akukho mfuneko yokuba amandla ukugqiba yonke imisebenzi? Mhlawumbi nawe ungomnye izigidi abathengi bathembele kumandla ukuba onwabe anikhumbuze zonke izinto ukuya ekupheleni.

Ukuveliswa kwekhulu yokugqibela

Nangona neziselo amandla ingabizwa uphawu ixesha lethu, ngokuba akukho wayila le yeminyaka entsha. Abantu bathembele kubo, ukuzama ukoyisa ukudinwa, ubuncinane leminyaka yokugqibela. Namhlanje "amandla" zazo idla avela kwezinye uhlobo stimulator luvo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba uzive ngakumbi odlamkileyo, kwaye maxa wambi iswekile eziqhelekileyo.

Kodwa kukho ixesha xa iziselo amandla eneneni eziqulathwe energy yokwenene eqhumayo. Le nto esebenzayo kwezi iziselo kwaba Radium - into eqhumayo uvelisa isixa esikhulu wamandla radiation ekuweni atom nganye. Kwaye nangona unxulumano phakathi ukusetyenziswa lweziqalelo lwemitha, kwaye ukuvela kwentlawulo amandla iyaxokozela kwi engcono ukwenzeka, siye na abantu 1900 yokuqala, leyo ngoyaba iingozi eyaziwa kunye neziphumo zempilo ixesha elide wayeka.

Unusual incasa Radium

Enye ezinjalo iimveliso amandla equlethe Radium waba RadiThor. Enyanisweni, lo isiselo amandla yayiquka Radium unyityilikiswa emanzini. Ithengiswe kweli-1920 xa iibhotile ml-30. Iindleko kwaba malunga $ 1 (elilingana iidola-15 kunyaka-2016). Umenzi ubanga ukuba le ethululwayo akuyi kuphela kukunika amandla, kodwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi, kuquka induku. Ubungqina luncedo ubomi ngokwesini abantu akwanelanga, kodwa iphepha uphando ubuncinane enye yathi Radium exutywe amanzi kungandisa "inkanuko yesini leenewt zasemanzini." Kuba abantu abaninzi xesha ngaphambi kokufika Viagra ubungqina kwakwanele. RadiThor waba yimpumelelo enkulu phakathi kwabathengi.

A fan amandla angaqhelekanga

Umboleki kakhulu yodumo RadiThor iEben Byers - usomashishini ePittsburgh golfer kunye andilociko. Byers kuqala baqala ukusebenzisa RadiThor, xa ephatha ingalo eyaphukileyo. Nangona le mveliso ayiqulathanga naluphi na iziyobisi, Byers waba likhoboka kulo, ubuncinane ngokwasengqondweni, ukuba akunjalo physiologically. Waqhubeka umthamo omkhulu RadiThor ethululwayo kwanasemva isandla sakhe lukusindisile. Kuvakala ukuba basela ibhotile okanye ezimbini imini yonke iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu asele esoma Kucetyiswa ukuba bonke abahlobo bam. Abanye babo baqalisa ukusela rhoqo RadiThor.

Ekugqibeleni, wabulala ukuxhomekeka ka Byers RadiThor ngaye. Ngelishwa, ukusetyenziswa Radium kuchaphazela amathambo, ekubeni onke amandla radiation agcinwe ithambo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngaphandle kokuba Radium amathambo Byers zedosi omkhulu radiation. Waphelelwa uninzi emhlathini baba imingxuma yaba lukakayi, iqela nezinye izifo ezinxulumene ithambo. Ekugqibeleni, wafa ukufa kabuhlungu Matshi 31, 1932.

Phindwa isifundo malunga ngeengozi ubuthi

Shame le meko kukuba iingozi zokusetyenziswa Radium wayesaziwa kokuba Byers waqala ukuthatha RadiThor. Uluntu lonyango sele ukufunda isiphumo Radium impilo yabantu kuba wavula Marie Pierre Curie ngo-1898. Isazinzulu British Walter uLazaro-Barlow ngo-1913 wakhululwa data ukuba xa tapeworm Radium esiya ithambo. Ngowe-1914, Ernst Zublin, unjingalwazi amayeza kwiYunivesithi Maryland, epapashwe ngokutsha ka-700 iingxelo zonyango, uninzi lwazo wabonisa ukuba necrosis ithambo kuye kwaba nefuthe kwicala rhoqo ephuza Radium. Ngelishwa, le iiflegi ekuqaleni ebomvu kuyabonwa, kunye nokuthengiswa RadiThor wahlala kwintaba ephakame ka 1920.

Ufundo inqanaba radiation kwi ithambo

Byers xa wafa, wangcwatywa etyeyeni yokubhalela ilothe ukuvala imitha evela amathambo emzimbeni wakhe. iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu kamva, ngowe-1965, enye ingcali yenzululwazi Robley Evans somfana Byers skeleton, ukulinganisa ubungakanani Radium emathanjeni akhe. Ngenxa Kwisiqingatha ubomi Radium yiminyaka 1600 ubudala, amathambo Byers baba phantse umlinganiselo ofanayo Radium, njengoko mini wafa.

Evans wayeyingcali phezu zemilinganiselo ngumzekelo okuba ukufunxeka kunye kukhuthaza umzimba womntu lweziqalelo eqhumayo. Ngokwesiseko iirekhodi losetyenziso Byers Evans RadiThor ibalwa ukuba umzimba kamfi wayeza ukugcina malunga 100,000 Bq. Becquerel iyunithi ngamazwe lomlinganiselo yemisebe. Kodwa wafumanisa ukuba uhlala skeletal linawo ezingama-225.000 Becquerel. Oku kubonisa ukuba imodeli kwedatha radiative Evans alunalo, okanye cishe Byers efanayo phantsi RadiThor ukusetyenziswa ubuncinane izihlandlo ezibini. Kodwa ngoku kunzima ukumisela ukuba ngowuphi zeenketho ichanekile.

Emva kokuba egqibile Evans imilinganiselo zabo kwinqanaba Radium, wabuyela amathambo Byers wokungcwaba yakhe abakhokelayo ePittsburgh, apho bahlala namhlanje.

Kutheni kungekho amatyala yokufa mass

Nangona Byers, Kakade ke, abachatshazelwa Radium e RadiThor, ukusetyenziswa neziselo yamandla ngathi zange yaba nengxaki kakhulu kwinkalo lwempilo yoluntu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho izizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, ngokungafaniyo RadiThor, uninzi "amandla" nezinye iziselo ezivenkileni baba zomgunyathi. Bona azinamgaqo nayiphi na Radium okanye nayiphi na enye into eqhumayo. Okwesibini, RadiThor kunye nezinye iimveliso ukuba linawo Radium, bathi zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu. Isibakala sokuba Radium yaba enqabileyo kwaye anexabiso elikhulu, kwaye inkqubo gesi kunye lokuhlanjululwa kuye imali eninzi. Ngoko ke, nako ukufikelela kuphela abantu abazizityebi ezifana Byers ukusebenzisa yonke imihla. Ngoko ke, izifo ezibangelwa RadiThor, wabonakala kuphela ezo abantu abambalwa ukuba abangenamandla okuhlawulela isiselo.

Ekugqibeleni, xa umdla wokhuseleko lwempilo yoluntu kurhulumente federal wayivala Bailey Radium Laboratories - inkampani evelisa RadiThor. Ngenxa yale iziselo zamandla Radium equlathe zanyamalala emarikeni umthengi ngo-1932.

Zokukhawulezisa e iziselo mihla

Namhlanje imakethi yeziselo amandla bathembele caffeine ukuba 'avuselele' abathengi zabo, ze ubanike amandla ukuba nimfunayo. Caffeine - wesithako ezaziwayo-kakuhle ikofu, iti, itshokolethi kunye cola. Yena bangavilaphi nje exotic njengoko Radium, kodwa ngokwenene ivuselela, ukuze abantu oko, uziva kwakhula amandla kwaye musa esichengeni impilo yabo.