Kubenskoe chibi, ummandla Vologda: inkcazelo, ingakumbi lokuloba kunye nohlaziyo

Kwinxalenye yaseYurophu eRussia Kubenskoe echibini. Siqwalasela ngezantsi incazelo yayo.

indawo okuyo

Eli chibi of imvelaphi glacial, eyakhiwe phakathi ihlathi endala-ukukhula kwi esemazantsi mgxobhozo ezaliswe meltwater ukwehla ukuya kwelingasentla apho glacier. Ise efikelela kuyo i-Northern Dvina River, km 30 kumantla Vologda. Kubenskoe chibi side kwicala ukusuka mpuma ukuya emntla, ubude balo 54 km, ububanzi balo - 12 km, le ndawo - malunga 370 macala onke. km. Ubungakanani ziyahluka ukusuka omkulu entwasahlobo ezibalulekileyo kuzaliswa neetyuwa ichibi. Ebudeni iimvula ehlotyeni nasekwindla besukelana indawo 410 macala onke. km. Kubenskoe olulichibi kwintaba ephakame kwiimitha 110 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle.

inkcazelo Lake

ihlathi ezigqunywe esikunxweme lwempuma bala phantsi emanzini yaye ngokufuthi waphuphuma, kunxweme olusentshona yi induli encinci. Ubunzulu avareji chibi Kubensky 1.2-2 eemitha, kodwa kwisithuba kwekhephu zinyibilika amanzi kunyuka ukuya kwiimitha ezili-13.

Ukulawula inqanaba lamanzi kunye nokuqinisekisa navigation ngo-1834 kwi-Sukhona 7.5 km ukusuka kumthombo kwedama yakhiwa "odumileyo." It zaphumela Kubenskoe elwandle ichibi kunye nokutsalwa kolawulo. Ebusika nasentlakohlaza de kwasekupheleni onogumbe kwi Sukhona yesango isiseko uvikivwa ukuya ezantsi, kuba meltwater nokulatyuza kudala sokuphuma emlanjeni.

Lake Kubenskoe (indawo Vologod) bondliwa ngamanzi yemilambo engamashumi amathathu emvula yayo ngu-14 400 macala onke. km. Le uviko inkulu - umlambo Kubena ubude 368 km, iqukuqela singene echibini ngasempuma, ukwakha Delta enkulu. Umlambo yesibini ngobukhulu - Uftyuga (117 km) - aqukuqela edikeni evela entla. nemingenela ezincinci Porozovitsa (34 km) ukuya emantla kunye Hjelm Omkhulu (60 km) ukuya ngasentshona. imilambo zilishumi kubude 10-20 km. Ehla evela chibi yenzelwe Sukhona umlambo emifuleni yamanzi ezimbini ukusuka mpuma.

inqanaba lamanzi Minimum iphawulwa ngoMatshi, ifikelela kutsho ngoMeyi, yaye ngoJuni phezu buyaphela. Ngexesha flow umva kwi Sukhona Kubenskoye echibini amanzi efika 30-40 cm ngosuku. Ihlobo echibini izaqhwithi rhoqo kunye iinkqwithela, ngumkhenkce kwayo ekupheleni uNovemba - ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, sikhululwe womkhenkce ngasekupheleni Epreli - ekuqaleni May.

indaba

Ichibi uthatha igama layo evela emlanjeni Kubeny. Imisa "-ene" mhlawumbi Finno-Ugric, elithetha "amanzi ezinkulu", yaye yingcambu yazo yexabiso 'cube' ayaziwa. Kuthiwa livela ulwimi izizwe extinct eyayihlala kumaxesha amandulo kummandla kummandla Vologda.

Xa XI-XII iinkulungwane kummandla emantla Lake Kubensky yaba zixhomekeke kwiriphabliki Novgorod, ukupheyiva kwindlela yorhwebo ecaleni Sheksna ngaphesheya ichibi Sukhona, kwaye kwakhona eMntla Dvina ukuya kuLwandle White. Sami Kubensky ubunini bomhlaba baba abathetheli Rostov-Suzdal, yaye kamva kwakukho fiefdoms Yaroslavl Rurik.

Ngowe-1692 wabamba eliselula Peter I, emva kokuba ukuhlola ukwakhiwa iinqanawa kwi Lake Pereyaslavl wafuna umzimba ebanzi kakhulu amanzi echibini iinyanga ezimbini. Kwi ukumkani wachukunyiswa ubude chibi, kodwa kudana kakhulu iziphumo ukujula.

Ngenkulungwane XIX, eli chibi ezibandakanywe kwinkqubo emanzini North Dvina kunye channel Aleksandra Virtembergskogo (ngoku Northern Dvina Canal), wemba ngo-1825-1829, ngokulandelelana.

Uphando Complex Kubensky chibi lwaqhutywa ngo-1972, Vologda kunye Arkhangelsk hambo lokuhlola amanzi.

Biota

Lake flora imelwe ziintlobo 57 zezityalo. Malunga-4 800 iihektare ekuhlala iintshinyela ezishinyeneyo of sedges, ukwakha nemiqolomba kwi emlonyeni Kubeny, xa intlanganisela Uftyugi kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi. UReed umgama we-540 yeehektare kunye polygonum kwimiboniso zamasele indlela indawo 2000 eehektare kunye nazo zibekwe kufutshane emilonyeni yemilambo. Jer ezabanjwa of pondweed kuthatha indawo ka 7000 eehektare.

Ukuloba on Lake Kubenskoye njalo zizityebi. Kuyo zifunyanwa iintlobo 19 zeentlanzi: zakhele, IDE, bream, nguyá, Roach, bream, gudgeon, sisinkantazi, neKubhi, neKubhi, yayinguDace, Roach, saber iintlanzi, limfiliba, Pike, nesalmon omhlophe, okanye nelmushka (iintlobo yasekuhlaleni whitefish, kakhulu ezinqabileyo) lengca, bream, burbot. Kunjalo maxa wambi ucaca starlet. Ukususela 1950, ngakumbi yaye ngokufuthi ngakumbi ibonakala zakhele, ngaphambi kwechibi ayikho vodivshiysya. iintlobo ezilishumi zeentlanzi zixhomekeke amashishini okuloba, ethe gqolo ukwehla ngenxa shoaling kunye echibini ungcoliseko.

izinto

Ukongeza ubuhle bendalo, le ingaka ibatsalayo eziphambili kamenny isigodlo, omnye omdala kumntla Russian, eyakhelwe isifungo ngo-1260 yi-Prince Gleb Vasilkovichem Belozersky, abasindileyo ngexesha uqhwithela enzima. Ngowe-1528 yena watyelelwa i-Grand Duke Vasily III. Ngamaxesha Soviet uyekwa kwaye isithuba inikwe mveliso iintlanzi. Kumbi Cathedral yasha ekupheleni-1930 yaye kwakhona ngowe-2009. Kwidolophana inkulu eselunxwemeni Mouth yi kwicawa endala, indlwana, imyuziyam, kwaye ekufuphi Lysogorskaya monastery.

ukuloba

Fish Lake reserves ziye zithathelwa uyaphela, ngobanjiso mveliso ina amashumi ezininzi: ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-616 ngo-1938 ukuya 285 ngo-1953, kuye kwafunyanwa iitoni ezingama-72 ngo-2013 Ngo-1990, inani elikhulu zeentlanzi babanjwa ngokungemthetho (total kuqikelelwa catch yonyaka lingaba ngaphezu kweetoni 900). Kwi abantu intlanzi inempembelelo shallowing kwechibi elibi, nto leyo kwimimandla zidala zemveli ayigqitywanga ngamanzi, kwakunye lobushushu eliphezulu engaqhelekanga iminyaka embalwa, baye bachatshazelwa inani nguyá.

Lidlala indima ebalulekileyo, kunye nongcoliseko industrial: on the chibi kwaye kukho iifama ngaphezulu kwama-180, ihagu kunye ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo ezimbini. Uthemba ukufumana ukubuyiselwa iintlanzi ezinxulumene iiprojekthi ulawulo ukuqengqeleka Sukhona eyayinako ukukhuphula inqanaba lamanzi avareji ukusuka kwiimitha 1.2 yangoku ukuya kwiimitha ezimbini ngaphambili.

Ngenxa shallowness ngokugqithiseleyo zokuloba wokuzonwabisa kwi ixesha ehlotyeni oko kunokwenzeka kuphela izikhephe ezi yandipha bendawo ndibanikele ukuba irente ku kubakhenkethi. Ukuze kukhuselwe okuloba salmon emhlophe akuvumelekanga namadlelo ayo amaqanda kufuphi emlonyeni kunye ekudibaneni Kubeny Pelmo kunye Neyga, kumgama ozikilometa ezintathu amanzi emhlabeni. Xa ezinye ntlanzi chibi, ngaphandle ngowe-1999 ukusuka kwiNcwadi oluBomvu, uvumelekile ukubamba.

Ngokungafaniyo abakhenkethi, ubukhulu becala ukufika zothutho amanzi abakhweli, Abalobi badla akhalaze yokungabikho kweendlela ukufikelela lula edikeni apho, kodwa ngokwenene beka isiseko lokuloba ngokwaneleyo.

Eyona nto ephambili abathanda yokuloba bass, nto leyo ifumaneka ezininzi, nangona ubunzima ngokomlinganiselo hayi ngaphezulu kwe 100-250 grams. Liqikelele iluma kwi Lake Kubenskoye usoloko okulungileyo, ngaphandle ngexesha izikhukula. Imvubu ufikelela incopho yawo ekupheleni kwexesha zasehlotyeni-ekwindla.

ukuloba ebusika

ukuloba ubusika athandwa kakhulu kwi Lake Kubenskoye. Abalobi Local bayazi kakuhle le ndawo zokwanda ubusika bass kwi shallows kufuphi engena elwandle. Kwiveki emva kokuba ngumkhenkce-up iqala umsebenzi ezininzi intlanzi, ihleli ukuya ekupheleni kukaJanuwari. NgoFebruwari ingakumbi Matshi - ixesha yimpumelelo ubuncinane ukuloba ebusika. Xa umkhenkce linyibilike, intlanzi iqala nomntana kwakhona. Abalobi abanamava wambamba zakhele ukusuka ice floes ukufumana loo emkhombeni. Catch ebusika balancer, isarha kunye bengena ebusika. Ngokuhle abaluma kakuhle omnye ukuvelisa 30 kg yeentlanzi. iintlanzi White ebusika ukunqakula nzima ngaphezu iphezulu. Nje phambi kokuba intshukumo ice abaluma Roach bream.

Izimvo of Lake Kubenskoye

Abakhenkethi bathi kukho, yintoni ukuze ubone. Uyakwazi ukuchitha ixesha elunxwemeni, thatha idiphu ngemini ezishushu zasehlotyeni. Zonke iindwendwe bazama ukutyelela woonongendi Spaso-ilitye phezu siqithi phakathi kwedike. Abahambi kwakhona HIV malunga amaziko zolonwabo, ibekwe elumelwaneni lwaloo edikeni, apho kuhlala. iziseko ezininzi ibekwe ecaleni komlambo Kubene apho Campsite kwaye kufuphi emlonyeni. Ukuqhela ukusuka chibi ezimnandi "Morino Manor" kwaye elunxwemeni Big Hjelm i mini-ihotele "Omogaevsky". Ingakumbi a lot of reviews Rave malunga isiseko yonke intsapho "Ekzopark Vysokovskoye" umiwe iinciniba, Lunenceba yengwamza, iinkwali kunye nabameli zasendle yokuphanga yasekuhlaleni. Kubhaliwe ibekwe umfula Kubeny.

Unako kwakhona ukuva kwakhona abazingeli abeza echibini ngomdlalo Kubenskoe. Zokuzingela ngexesha for zasemanzini ivula entwasahlobo, kodwa apha kukho imveliso ezimbalwa. Emahlathini ezingqongileyo kuhlala amaxhama, amabhere kunye yasendle, ezingelwa ekwindla nasebusika.

Abalobi, ukwabelana okuvelayo zakhe malunga kuloba kweli chibi, sithethe lokuloba elungileyo kwaye kusoloko iintlanzi enkulu.