Kozlovsky, uMikhail Ivanovich: engobomi, iifoto, imifanekiso

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich yenye abakroli ezinkulu classicism Russian, umsebenzi wakhe uya kuxhotyiswa ophezulu eziqulethwe yiEnlightenment, nesithukuthezi eqaqambileyo nobuntu ephakamileyo. Ngokutsho bemisebenzi yobuciko ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX, ngamnye imisebenzi yakhe, "ubonisa eninzi banga, iimvakalelo, look wokuqala kunye master isandla yombhali."

Mihail Ivanovich Kozlovsky - a nomkroli, zonke artists Russian ababehlala, mhlawumbi, eyona imfutshane, kodwa ubomi kakhulu ezikrelekrele. Of umdla ethile ngumdali ukuba iintsomi zamandulo kunye nabalinganiswa zembali Russian. Kubo, wafumana ophila zibalulekile nje kuphela bexesha lakhe; kodwa ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo.

Kozlovsky, uMikhail Ivanovich: biography

I elizayo nomkroli odumileyo wazalwa ngo-1753 usapho trumpeter sinqanawa fleet, omnye amadlelo elwandle St. Petersburg. Apha wachitha yakhe iminyaka yobuntwana.

Xa wayeneminyaka eli-elinanye (1764) Kozlovsky, uMikhail Ivanovich ngonaphakade wahluka ekhaya nabazali wambongoza inani abafundi wajoyina i-St Petersburg Academy of Arts. Ngeli xesha kwimizobo yaseYurophu - imikrolo, izakhiwo, ukupeyinta - izimele yaye kancane classicism. Ummeli ezigqame yalo mkhwa kwimizobo yaba nomkroli eyaziwayo Russian Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich.

biography emfutshane nomkroli:

• .: 1773 izidanga Academy kunye imbasa yegolide;
• . 1774-1778 gg: uhlala e eRoma ibe kwibhoda academic;
• 1780:. EMarseilles Academy of Arts yanikezelwa kuye kwisihloko academician;
• . 1784-1785 gg: ngokuyi umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ibhastile of uCatherine II ngohlobo uthixokazi yamandulo yobulumko, uMinerva iye zithanda nokunakana ababephila (akhulelwe eziqulethwe zemfundo kumkani efanelekileyo - i-mthetho olumkileyo kunye Wayekhusela iLizwe loobawo);
• ekuqaleni kuka-1788 kwakhona wathumela amazwe (Paris) ku dyondza;
• . 1790: Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich ubuyela ekhaya, idala ekroliweyo umjikelo yokuchitha;
• ngo-1796-m ivelisa uluhlu imizobo oqingqiweyo kumxholo kaTrojan, eli xesha wonke yamakishwa khangela monumentality, iimpawu ezintsha, eyaba njengenye yeekhomponenti ukuya phambili umsebenzi womzobi;
• kwisithuba ukususela 1799 ukuya 1801 usebenza ilitye lesikhumbuzo umphathi A. V. Suvorovu, wazukisa uloyiso yakutshanje umkhosi Russian kweli phulo Italian;
• Ngowe-1802 Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich kwincopho yobomi kunye ngetalente ngequbuliso afe.

Wayekade wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Orthodox ESmolensk. Ngowe-1931, i-ukungangcwatywa wafudukela Alexander Nevsky Lavra kwi Lazarevskoye emangcwabeni

Kozlovsky, uMikhail Ivanovich: imikrolo

imisebenzi yakhe - imikrolo staturnaya iplastiki, ukukrola omkhulu kunye amangcwaba - igcwele imvakalelo enzulu nobuntu sublime.

Xa indlela yemisebenzi yakhe nefuthe kakhulu bayo of French kwinkulungwane imikrolo XIVIII. Kwezi, elaziwa kakhulu zezi: lesikhumbuzo A. V. Suvorovu e St. Petersburg, lo mfanekiso "uSamson eziqwenga emlonyeni wengonyama" (buyifanele omnye imithombo Peterhof), "Ehleli Girl" (Winter Palace) kunye "nenwebu ebonisa ubuntombi nto", wadala kumsitho kumtshato Constantine Pavlovich (njengokuba ngoku kwi Winter Palace), isenze ngemfano yendoda, ngenxa isifundo ukwakheka komzimba kwabantu.

Famous for BAS-imikrolo: "Ukubuya Regulus ukuya Carthage," "Camille, zikwenze eRoma ukusuka Gauls" (ise eSt Petersburg, kwibhotwe Marble), "Massacre amsulwa", "IiPolycrates", "cupid", "Mercury kunye Uphunguphungu", " Apollo "(ifumaneka imyuziyam ka-Alexander III).

ekuqaleni

Kweli xesha lokuqala uyilo lo mxholo uphambili imisebenzi nomkroli umxholo noluntu lwesiqhelo isidima, inkalipho, ukuzincama bobakhe.

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich zamaqhawe imikrolo zabo yenza abalinganiswa abadumileyo kwimbali waseRoma yamandulo, nto leyo egameni iLizwe loobawo nabalungileyo eqhelekileyo yabantu zizinikele. Loo umsebenzi wakhe 'Regula ntle kunye abemi neRoma "(1780) kunye" Camille ishenxisa asemaweni of Rome "(1781).

Hill kunye nomfanekiso ngqo, kukucaca zesakhiwo, Ukucamngca kunye nokucaca imigca kunye neefom - iimpawu ezahlula umsebenzi apho Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich elisetyenziweyo nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba yokuqala ingqondo yemveli. Sculpture ivumelana ngokugqibeleleyo kunye sesakhiwo kwesakhiwo, eyakhiwa ngo indlela classicism yokuqala.

Harmony imikrolo yokwakha

uluntu ingakumbi evumelanayo zobugcisa ezimbini - sculpture kunye nobugcisa bokwakha - kwabonakala imikrolo udaka wadala iHolo Concert kwi i-Catherine Park (Tsarskoye Selo). Umbhali egumbini, enziwe isimbo classicism aqolileyo, u George. Quarenghi (1783-1788). Imifanekiso naye ngento eyodwa - umculo. Orpheus wayebetha ngesandla tames izilwanyana zasendle; Apollo, ukudlala umculo, uyakuvuyela indlebe Ceres; Muse Art iimpawu umboniso - iziza ezinjalo, leyo Unikele ingqalelo Kozlovsky, uMikhail Ivanovich. I-Wizard (imikrolo okuqala) kwahluka isakhiwo equilibrated ukwakheka yakhiwe yesingqi ogudileyo kunye nemifanekiso ukuzidla ezinde. Zonke ezi mpawu negalelo ekudaleni egumbini umoya zomculo ezizodwa.

Umfanekiso uCatherine II

Umfanekiso omkhulu uKumkanikazi uCatherine II ngokohlobo uthixokazi yamandulo yobulumko, uMinerva (eRoma yaMandulo) okudalwe nomkroli kwixesha ukususela 1784 ukuya 1785. UKumkanikazi ligutyungelwe ingubo yamandulo surmounted yi nesigcina-ntloko (isithixokazi iimpawu). Yena uveza enye ngesandla elele ezinyaweni zakhe neembasa limela uloyiso urhwebe kuyo. Enye ukumkanikazi ubambe umqulu lushicilelwe "-ntle imithetho bakhe '. Ngoko Liquka ingcamango yabo kumkani ogqibeleleyo - i-mthetho olumkileyo kunye Wayekhusela iLizwe loobawo - Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich, imifanekiso leyo ingabonisa ukuvelela iingcamango yiEnlightenment.

"Emvuselelweni Aleksandra Makedonskogo"

Marble oqingqiweyo, enziwe kwi-1780s, kukho umfanekiso oluntsonkothileyo esemantiki. Umfanekiso hero elizukileyo yamandulo sakhonza njengoko njengesiseko nomkroli ukuba kudibanisa iimbono wemfundo - zemfundo ekufuneni ulwazi ukuthanda yobulukhuni.

Zeplastiki isisombululo ukubunjwa eqingqiweyo sibengezela umoya ubukhulu ozolileyo lula amanene. Umfanekiso aqine ezahlukeneyo kunye ukulingana, esikhukulayo kakuhle iimilo kunye imisele.

umzimba lo mfana njengoko kunjalo ngalala ozele, izihlunu zakhe "ukucima" i marble zintle inshorensi frosted, intloko yakhe ebambe isandla sakhe ebambe edolweni. Kodwa besimo ndiziva esisiseko ukuchulumacha ...

imizobo

Xa iintlobo zemizobo isetyenziswayo, uninzi lwazo imizobo ukulungiselela imifanekiso elizayo, wazilanda eziwafaka kunye ugxininiso kweli inkosi - kwi uluhlu lwezihloko nemixholo (neentsomi, iBhayibhile, iVangeli), xa esebenzisa izimvo zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa.

Kodwa inani imizobo Kozlowski usenokuba zingathathwa imisebenzi graphic ezimeleyo, ngokupheleleyo. Phakathi kwabo sidalwe m 1792 "Ukufa nguHippolytus" yaye "Theseus eshiya Ariadne." Abagxeki umdlalo weqonga umfutho ngokweemvakalelo, nto leyo "uphefumlele" le misebenzi.

"IiPolycrates"

Ithuba ukususela 1788 ukuya nomkroli 1790-th kwakhona, eParis, apho waya bafumane ulwazi namava amatsha kunye. Ngenxa obhobhozayo omkhulu yokuvela zibangelwa iziganeko kwe revolution, ukwenza phambi kwakhe, wazalwa iphefumlelwe entsha, imixholo emitsha kunye nezifundo.

Revolutionary Paris nomkroli watyhala ingcamango ukwenza ibali kwimbali yamandulo Greece IiPolycrates ukufa Samos yingqwayingqwayi. Legend of the nomkroli IiPolycrates wakhonza njengesiseko nokudalwa uhlobo impendulo yimizekeliso kwimisitho lwanamhlanje. Iphepha iboniswe umnqweno le womzobi ekutyebiseni ulwimi lokomfuziselo art. Yenza kube ochukumisa ngakumbi. Xa Umfanekiso yakhe, "IiPolycrates" umbukeli usasazwa ugqithiselwa lunxano neqhayiya inkululeko, ukubandezeleka ukuziva kabuhlungu nembubhiso hero.

lwalo msulwa ngokomoya

Ngowe-1792-m omnye umsebenzi ongasoze ulityalwe sele sigqityiwe - umfanekiso omhle "Sleeping cupid" (nezemarmore). Umbhali uyila ngendlela emangalisayo yokuchitha-gingxi.

savulwa e mood yenziwa yi umfanekiso elincinane (nezemarmore, 1801) umfanekiso "psyche", yoncedo msulwa ngokomoya, lo nostalgia ka unalloyed, yobuntwana bonwabile.

"USamson eziqwenga emlonyeni wengonyama"

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1800 iinkosi best Russian kwaziswa ukuba ukuhlaziya i-Big Peterhof ayo. Umsebenzi lwaqhutywa kwiminyaka emithandathu.

Indawo esembindini kwisicwangciso wathabatha iqela wadala Kozlovsky - "uSamson eziqwenga emlonyeni wengonyama." Ekudaleni lombhali ye sculpture yasetyenziswa yavela emva ngexesha uPetros nje lo apho uSamson yezibhalo yachongwa ne St. Sampson, ngubani ngenkulungwane ye-18 yayigqalwa umxhasi ongcwele Russia. Ngowe-1709, yokubhiyozela kwinkumbulo yakhe (27 Juni), uloyiso ezukileyo Russian elo phezu balwa kwi edumileyo Idabi Poltava. Xa ubuchule Peter I, uSamson waye isimntwiso sengonyama noloyiso Russian kwaye (umfanekiso engundoqo ye kophawu Swedish ingalo) amelwe yoyisa ukumkani Swedish.

Kule imifanekiso grand baboniswa odlamkileyo kodwa ndathintela intshukumo yomzimba uSamson yamagorha. Wajika kwindawo kwindawo uwele, enomva umzimba ukuze yemidlalo izihlunu eziqinileyo zibonakala ngokucacileyo, kabukhali kume umva unyawo intloko yakhe waqubuda, iqhawe izandla zozibini eziqwenga emlonyeni wengonyama.

Abaphandi baye ngokufanele khomba kufutshane ukuya Umfanekiso zobugcisa kaMichelangelo,. Kodwa iqela yeengcinga ukuyila isiqulatho, imvakalelo enzulu ubuzwe, nto leyo ivakaliswa emsebenzini wakhe Kozlovsky, uMikhail Ivanovich (photo sculpture bubungqina elo), ukuba umbukeli ingqalelo kakhulu ezahlukeneyo echo - lweenkobe ukuthetha Russian baziswa enkulu yomlando domestic kwentliziyo - izithethe.

Izihloko Imbali Russian

Izihloko ze imbali zesizwe iyindawo ezichulumancisayo imisebenzi nomkroli. Kwisiqingatha sesibini 1790s wadala oqingqiweyo ka "Prince uYakobi Dolgoruky eziqwenga umthetho basebukhosini 'yaye" uMofokeng zikhwele emahasheni. " Uninzi ukuzinikela ngokupheleleyo ukudala umfanekiso Yomelelani eliphezulu kwaye baba ngabafo ngokomoya liqela le nomkroli kwi umphathi nengcwaba lakhe A. V. Suvorovu (St. Petersburg, 1799-1801).

Lifetime woloyiso lesikhumbuzo

umfanekiso lokomfuziselo, ngokufuziselayo ezukisa eRashiya umphathi layo elikhulu - ngoko wamitha Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich isikhumbuzo Suvorov.

Umsebenzi waqala ngexesha ubomi hero. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-asixhenxe Generalissimo wenza lonke ihlabathi sokuncoma nanto kwimbali inguqu yobuqhawe umkhosi Russian phezu kwiiAlps. Xa balwe 63 Russian wayengenguye ukoyiswa olunye, utshaba 619 amalaphu anomyalezo athathwa boyisileyo. uhambo odumileyo Italian kuya kuba emkhosini Russian kunye netalente qhinga Aleksandra Suvorova salo uzuko.

Umsebenzi we nomkroli Kozlovsky wayeza ukudala ilitye lesikhumbuzo ebomini woloyiso. Order moya isihloko: musani ukwenza ubomi zobugorha elide lenduna enkulu, hayi ngokuphuma womfanekiso yakhe engqondweni, kodwa sokuthimba kuphela kwiphulo Italian kwafuneka ukuba ziboniswe kweli litye.

Umzobo ulwimi ukuchaza

Kwaye ke nomkroli kwakhona aba ulwimi yimizekeliso nje. nani Light neyi phezu kwamanqwanqwa ngeenxa - uncedo egorheni elabe e iintonga, ezele ngamandla kwaye ndileqeka phambili. Oku komfanekiso uthixo wamaRoma emfazwe Mars. Isenzo yesokunene isandla, ephethe ikrele ozimisele engaqhelekanga. Ngamandla ezilahliweyo ingubo umva. ubuso Beautiful eyindoda, ngokuzingca aphakamise intloko yakhe, ukuzithemba idayiman kunye nentando owoyisayo, wayekwazi zidluliselwe mzobo - lo mfanekiso enezigaba okudalwe nomkroli uthixo imfazwe.

neqhawe lakhe izingxobo ikhaka ekhwele ngasemva kuyo nesibingelelo ekubhalwe kuzo Sardinian kunye Neapolitan isithsaba kunye bathwala loopopu. Intsingiselo yokomfuziselo yalo mfanekiso kukuba izixhobo Russian phantsi kweliso lephulo Suvorov ka-Italian ukukhusela umdla kumazwe amathathu umelwe.

Emacaleni esibingelelo indawo amanani ababhinqileyo engumqondiso ilungileyo kuluntu: ithemba, ukholo nothando.

Kwicala phambi kwinqwanqwa kukho umfanekiso amasebe ube ngowakhe, namasundu ewela - uphawu Commonwealth ubungqondi imfazwe kunye noxolo.

Hero Shield uxhomekeke neembasa imfazwe - core, iibhanile umpu. Le wasibiyela litye lesikhumbuzo elidityaniswe ngemixokelelwane elanda iibhombu.

intsingiselo yimizekeliso ukuba afumaneka kuzo zonke iinkcukacha mfanekiso. Yaye umbhalo kwinqwanqwa: "INkosana eItali, Count Suvorov Rymniksky" ikuthethayo owadala lesikhumbuzo.

High inyaniso yangaphakathi

Iphepha Kozlowski kuphela akuphuhlanga kakuhle buqapheleke portrait mfanekiselo wadala umfanekiso yimizekeliso yengxoxo ye intsomi hero oyintanda.

Olinganise side kobuso, amehlo ezinzulu-set, iimpumlo enkulu kunye necandelo eqhelekileyo saka, nechibi kancinane uthixo umlomo lobhedu ababephila imfazwe ingqalelo kutyekelo jikelele enkulu.

Ukufana ukufiphala kakhulu kwaye ukude, ngaphandle Portrait accuracy ngokucacileyo akukho iphambili ibe unguMdali imikrolo. Bebingelela ukuthembeka portrait, wanika ukuthanda lwaza amandla bonke-owoyisayo of Suvorov. Kozlowski ulwimi ukuchaza - xa ukufanisa uthixo zemfazwe - kunye nomfanekiso enezigaba of the amaqhawe umphathi Russian ezinkulu yobudala. Kwaye kule - high nyaniso engaphakathi umsebenzi wakhe.