Izilwanyana ye-Red Book of the Republic of Komi: list, inkcazelo kunye neempawu

Isiseko ingqibelelo yeqokobhe ophilayo Umhlaba (Biosphere) yeyona inani iyantlukwano kweentlobo Cya, izityalo, izilwanyana, umngundo kunye t. D., Yiyiphi kwasekwa inkqubo zazivelela. Kule nkqubo, akukho nto igqithiseleyo okanye engeyomfuneko, ngendlela kakuhle nelungelelanisiweyo esebenzela kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ezinxulumene nayo kunye nophuhliso loluntu wabantu, ezizoba zasendle ziza kwandisa kuphela ngonyaka-on-nyaka. Kudla kuyingenelo yaye ngenxa yoko kukhokelela imfuneko yamkele amanyathelo ejoliswe ukugcinwa iyantlukwano eziphilayo.

E Komi Republic umsebenzi olu hlobo lwenziwa imi--80. I Book Red yasekwa ngo-1998, nto leyo ebonakalisa zonke iintlobo ezinqabileyo ezisengozini. Nezihlandlo sapapashwa - kanye qho emva kweminyaka elishumi. Izilwanyana ye-Red Book of the Republic of Komi ezihloliweyo kwindlela ezintandathu kunye nezigaba isenza ubume iintlobo.

Indlela yokugweba ye-yovavanyo

• 0 - mhlawumbi zibhangile, oko kukuthi, phambi kokuba owayehlala kummandla weRiphabliki, kodwa kule minyaka ili-100 okanye 50 yokugqibela (ngokuba ezingenamqolo kunye ezinomqolo, ngokulandelelana), zange baqinisekisa ebusweni babo.
• 1 - asengozini, oko kukuthi, inani elo lancipha ukuya kwinqanaba ebalulekileyo kunye amathuba ukuze shwaka ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elizayo.
• 2 - ntlobo ogama amanani ayehla chu.
• 3 - ezinqabileyo. Ezi ziquka labemi, zenyathi ezihlala indawo elinganiselwe kunye amanani encinci ngokwendalo.
• 4 - yemeko ngezwi elingaqondakaliyo, oko kukuthi, leyo eqokelelweyo inkcazelo ngokwaneleyo, kodwa mhlawumbi kuwa kwenye yezi ndidi.
• 5 - ekufunyanweni okanye wachacha. Cya, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zonke Red Book of the Republic of Komi, inani ekufuphi ngokomfanekiso, xa bengekho adinga ukhuseleko kunye noncedo.

awafanele

Enye kunazo zonke yaye umdla kusibeka inzululwazi - Mushrooms. Ngoku kuquka malunga nezigidi enesiqingatha iintlobo. Xa Red Book of the Komi imelwe ngamasebe amabini kunye neentlobo 42. kubandakanya:

• Autumn gyromitra - ekhula emahlathini coniferous kwaye mixed amancinci-zodonga, uza na unyaka wonke, kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo Vychegda River Basin;
• Smorchkova cap - wamatye saprotroph, ezinqabileyo, ludlolo, ubukhulu becala efanayo imboniselo yangaphambili;
• greasers White (ingasentla) - isagquba eRashiya, kodwa kummandla Komi kunqabile, esona sizathu siyintloko - ukutshatyalaliswa iindawo ezihlala yayo.

ulwelwe

Ngokwahlukileyo inkolelo ethandwayo, zithathwa phantsi kokhuselo iintaka kuphela, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Red Data Book of the Republic of Komi kunye nabameli waya izinto ibihlungu endala (ezimdaka) besive kwizityalo ezisezantsi Subkingdom. Kukho iindidi ezine: lemaneya umlambo, Nostoc Plum, tolipella spicate, dule zesiqhelo. Eyokuqala i ulwelwe columnar, ukufikelela ukuya ku-4 cm. Ukuba uthabathe isikali zehlabathi, kukho uhlobo olunolwazi ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, e Komi qaphela kuphela nabantu ezincinane imilambo namachibi le emathafeni.

Lemaneya mfula a thallus enkulu ukuya kwi-30 cm ubude, ngokuqhelekileyo elula, phi ngaphantsi ngokugqithiseleyo branched. umbala ngqo: mnyama bubomvu, omdaka, ezipinki. neentlobo ezizodwa ulwelwe ebomvu ehlabathini, wafumana 4 kuphela labemi Komi. Kunjalo enokuthethwa tolipellu spicate, zikhula kwi emazantsi amachibi emathafeni. Population, kunye neenombolo zabo ziye kancinane wafunda, kodwa kufuneka ukhuselwe, ekubeni kuphela kumathafa ekhula eRashiya.

Plants Red Book

Lonke flora weRiphabliki Komi ineendidi 1158 zezityalo (semithambo), apho malunga ne-1000 enxulumene izowuni hlathi kunye 500 - ukuya kumathafa. Mbuso fanele ukuba nabameli angiosperms. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ezinye iintlobo. Umzekelo, Pinus sibirica (umfanekiso), ngubani ngempazamo ngokuba omsedare. Bungumthi omde (34-35 m) has a isithsaba onabileyo wadla ubomi, ngokutsho ezinye iingqikelelo, ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka 500, ingakumbi kakhulu ukuba isityebi iluncedo iikhompawundi nuts. Kuvavanywa ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu yesibini, isizathu - imililo nokuphungula ngaphandle kwemvume. Le ncwadi ibonisa sedges ezahlukeneyo, Bolotnitsa, Bluegrass, iris zaseSiberia, ntyatyambo, Elm (agudileyo, rough), kunye nabanye.

Chordate izilwanyana ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book of the Republic of Komi zininzi kwaye zahlukene, ngoko makhe sijonge ngakumbi ngokukodwa ukuba iklasi nganye.

class Pisces

Amanzi ezintle zeRiphabliki lilikhaya leentlobo 44 kweentlanzi esisodwa. iimeko ezinzima zemozulu kwaye inani elikhulu imilambo namachibi sichonge indima yokuloba njenge nomsebenzi yemveli kule ngingqi. Lo mba, kukhatshwa ukuzingela, ungcoliseko amachibi kunye nemilambo, uphuhliso industrial kummandla kwakhokelela ekwehleni kwenani yeentlanzi yorhwebo. Ziphantsi kwesoyikiso, kuquka oku kulandelayo.

• wemifula Common - iintlanzi ukhetha ukuhlala imilambo entabeni acocekileyo ngoku fast. Ngaphambili, kukho iimeko ukuya ku-70 kg, kodwa ezibanjwe yokugqibela yi hayi ngaphezulu kwe-4 kg. Ezi chordates Red Book of the Republic of Komi bambalwa ngenxa niche kuphela eziphilayo.
• sturgeon Siberian - intlanzi enkulu kakhulu kwaye 1.5 m ubude kunye yimilinganiso avareji ye-50 kg. neentlobo ezinqabileyo kakhulu ngokunxulumene esebenzayo kwemikhombe kwaye namanzi ungcoliseko A.
• Iisalmon White - intlanzi enkulu umlambo, ingxaki ungcoliseko besasaza kwaye lusidla izizathu.

Ukongeza, le ncwadi kuluhlu Isakare Arctic, grayling, bullhead.

Ezirhubuluzayo, Amphibians kunye

Ezi izilwanyana Olubomvu Book of the Republic of Komi na eziziivethebreyithi nobu-, amanzi phambili okanye yokuphila nezo zihlala emhlabeni nasemanzini. Icandelo zimelwe iintlobo ezimbini kuphela. Okokuqala - intulo Siberian. Ine- umzimba evuthelweyo kwaye ahanjiswa intloko ebanzi atshabalalisa. Ubungakanani abadala 11-15 cm ubude. Izizathu kunomzimba waso ezincinane zingaqondwa kakuhle, kodwa ngokutsho kwabanye inxulunyaniswa zokusonjululwa oyidingayo. Uhlobo lwesibini - yaseYurophu umlilo-bellied xoxo. A zamasele up encinane ukuya 5-6 cm kunye orange eqaqambileyo okanye isisu obomvu wawutyabeka amabala purple. Le ngozi siyifumana kwizingcoliso zokuhlala zazo okanye ukuguqulwa zabo.

iintaka

E Komi Republic, iintlobo 250 zeentaka indlwane. Of nabo Red kwiNcwadi mmandla zidweliswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ezinkulu Grebe, yaseYurophu Diver omnyama-umqala, nokhwalimanzi eziqhelekileyo amancinci, amancinane nedada zaselwandle, ebomvu-breast irhanisi, greylag irhanisi, encinane emhlophe, nenkqo, Marsh harrier, eagle yegolide, ubusi nesangxa, ukhozi emhlophe-tailed, njengeyona, nesangxa, merlin, Indwe ezingwevu, izagwityi, moorhen, coot, corncrake, oystercatcher, snipe, ukhwalimanzi omnyama-ezinomsila, nefubesi, nefubesi ngekhephu, zingwevu, elineentshebe nokuzeka kade tailed tawny nefubesi, nefubesi njengexhalanga, shrike eqhelekileyo Red-kunye Nightingale.

I-Red Book of the Republic of Komi (izilwanyana): uluhlu ezanyisayo

Le yeyona ndlela kakhulu amalungiselelo chordates, bakholisa isakhiwo entsonkothileyo-nervous system kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iimpendulo ezinzima eyakuthi yokuziphatha. iintlobo 60 ezincancisayo bahlala kwiRiphabhliki, kwaye ezinqabileyo kunye ezisengozini eyabelwe ezintlanu.

• Adle - iintlobo ngokwelizwe basengozini isisongelo ikakhulu ngenxa ngaphandle kwemvume. elide Kube sele izizwana polar uthathwa onokufumana kuzo ukutya nezinto.
• pika Northern - zezilwanyana, ubukhulu kunye nenkangeleko kufana nempuku, kodwa nomsila elifutshane, isiwe iindlebe, umbala - mhlwa emthubi. Usongo uphuhliso industrial belizwe, batshabalalisa kwindawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana.
• Xa uluhlu 'Izilwanyana Red Book of the Republic of Komi "Badger ifakiwe nayo, nangona kuqhelekile kakhulu ngaphakathi imboniselo Russian. Inani elincinane labantu lu dityanisiwe unikezelo elinganiselweyo ukutya, iimeko ezinzima zemozulu, ukutshatyalaliswa ngokungemthetho.
• Le ngoboya yaseYurophu ohlala kwimimandla ezininzi Russia, kodwa Komi encinane kwamanani, izizathu ayaziwa, mhlawumbi ngenxa yotshintsho iimeko zokusingqongileyo.
• Brown kudala-eared bat - bat ubungakanani encinane, isizathu sokuba sifo ephantsi - ebusika kwaye kwamahlathi.

Njengoko usazi, wonke umntu kweli hlabathi zilungelelane, kodwa phantsi kwempembelelo yemisebenzi yabantu, kulula ukuba bedinga kwicala esibi. Ayifane yenzeke, kodwa kukho amaxesha, kwaye uguqulo xa self-babuyiselwe izilwanyana ezinqabileyo ye-Red Book of the Republic of Komi. polecat yaseYurophu - umzekelo ngqo. Yena ikuluhlu uhlelo lokuqala, kodwa ukuzokuthi ga ngoku, abemi elibuyisiweyo kwaye ukhuselekile evela Izazi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba isilwanyana akafakwa kuluhlu.