Ixesha lokuba isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho (Criminal Code). case Studies

Xa Code Criminal kukho ixesha ezithile ngexesha apho umntu kuthwala uxanduva ngezenzo zabo. Eli xesha liya kuxhomekeka ubungqongqo zlodeniya, emva koko umoni ekhululwa enkundleni ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho ukuba zonke iimeko ezichazwe ngumthetho.

ngokoMthetho

Ixesha elibekiweyo ekufuneka umntu uya kuba nabutyala yokuziphatha echazwe Art. 78 Code Criminal. Ngaphezu koko, eli xesha kuya kuxhomekeka ubungqongqo bolwaphulo mthetho. Imigaqo uxanduva zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- kwisithuba seminyaka emibini yengxinano iphantsi ulwaphulo;

- iminyaka emithandathu ukuba inqanaba umyinge wabo;

- eyi-10, ukuba isenzo esibi;

- iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu xa kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho ingakumbi kakhulu.

Emva kokuphela kwezi yamaxesha umntu kufuneka baxolelwe kotshutshiso zii-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho, njengoko umphandi okanye umphandi uya kwenza isigqibo waqiqa. Kwimeko apho umba ukungahlawuli uxanduva mthetho ukuba isenzo azenzileyo kufuneka kugqitywe kuphela yinkundla, ephelisa ezingummiselo iintsilelo akayi kuba izigqibo apha. Inye kuphela kule meko bekuya kuba niyimigqakhwe - nguwo ahlawuliswe isohlwayo kakhulu kakhulu ngohlobo bohlukaniswe ubomi obude evela kuluntu okanye isohlwayo sentambo. Ngoko ke, isigwebo onjalo nomtsalane kusini kwinkundla ephakamileyo.

Ayisebenzi

Ukongeza, umntu Wabandezeleka isohlwayo esiwiswe yinkundla, xa kota yomtsalane ayikho ukuba nobutyala, unelungelo nenkululeko ngayo emva kokugqiba eli xesha, ukuba akuyi kuphazamisana imimiselo ye-Code Criminal. Nangona, Kakade ke, asizizo zonke izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zigutyungelwe ngulo mthetho.

Umzekelo, kuba izenzo ngokuchasene norhulumente, kwakunye ubunqolobi kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nayo, ilifa moya, ekuthatheni nabafo kokuphela kwexesha umda unganikezelwanga. Oku kubonisa ukuba, nanini na ngexesha lonke ixesha lobomi bakhe umoni inoxanduva ngezenzo zakhe phambi ubulungisa.

Ukuba umhlaseli lo ubusithelisayo

Ithunyelwe ekuqhubeni ummi ungenakuxhomekeka oko kuye kulo mzekelo ulawulo iza kusetyenziswa kwi ekupheleni ezingummiselo iintsilelo yesenzo osenzileyo. Ngenxa ngeli xesha uphando kwamiswa ze kuqaliswe kuphela emva kokuba Eneneni, xa umntu wafunyanwa. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngokufihla umhlaseli ungenakuxhomekeka into yokuba ithuba lokuba isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho eya kwamkela kokukokwam, aze yena uya bakhululwe isohlwayo ngokusemthethweni.

mthetho ingakumbi engcwabeni

Ukuba umntu ngoko wakwenzayo nazo isigwebo sentambo okanye bodwa ubomi obude evela kuluntu, lo ngummiselo iintsilelo imbopheleleko mthetho ayikho kubaluleke apha. Ngokuba bayahlelwa oonyana womntu kulo mzekelo uchaza umzimba lezomthetho leyo unelungelo lokwenza isicelo naluphi na uhlobo lesohlwayo, ngaphandle ngqongqo nomlinganiselo aphezulu.

Umzekelo apha ukuze ibe oku kulandelayo. ummi Masithi ngabom kwaye ngenkohlakalo wathabatha ubomi babantu-10, kuba oko elijonge kuphela isohlwayo kakhulu okukhulu - wedwa evela eluntwini de kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe, ngenxa yokuba isohlwayo sokufa lunqunyanyisiwe okwangoku. Ngoko ke, nkqu iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu emva nesenzo Isiphelo sakhe uya isigqibo kuphela enkundleni. Kulo mzekelo, esi sivakalisi kuba ngokohlobo entolongweni, kodwa kuphela ukuba kangangexesha elithile.

Umthetho oqhelekileyo malunga ekupheleni kwexesha yethutyana, emva koko uxolelwa kotshutshiso-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho umntu, awusebenzi apha.

iimpawu ukubala

Igama elithi of nobutyala iya kubalwa ukususela kwiiyure 00,00 ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokuba ityala. Ukuba ungummi ngeli xesha enze esinye ulwaphulo-mthetho, ixesha ukubala phantsi nganye zolwaphulo-mthetho ezenziwe yodwa.

isicelo

Ukuba umntu otyholwa ngokwenza isenzo apho ngummiselo ukulinganiselwa ubhubhile, ufuna ukuba balahle amabango yenkqubo yi uphando okanye inkundla ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kuyimfuneko ukuba abhekisele kule ngxelo elifana nelo emzimbeni karhulumente, nto leyo umsebenzi wakhe. Ingenza igqwetha ayo, ukuba le meko iya kuba ngcono kakhulu ukuba abemi bamazwe.

Esi sicelo kufuneka senziwe ngolu hlobo.

Isiphakamiso ukuba andulule kutshutshiso

ngenxa yokuba ixesha kotshutshiso mthetho kwaphela.

Xa imveliso ______ (igama leziko, umzimba) kunjalo na ummi _______________ otyholwa ngokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho phantsi Art. ____ Code of the mthetho.

Olu lwaphulo-mthetho ezithathwa nje womxhuzulane elisezantsi engqina _____________. Ekubeni ityala sele kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwama-emibini, ngokungqinelana ngayo, sikhokelwa ngobugcisa. Art. 24, 27 CCP, babuza:

Misa utshutshiso lolwaphulo-_________ kwi h ._____ .______ inqaku le-Code Criminal.

Rhoxisa umlinganiselo kuzibamba ngohlobo ______ (faka).

Igqwetha ____________ (igama).

Kwimeko apho eso sicelo siya kwenziwa ngaphandle kokwaphula imigaqo yomthetho yenkqubo kunye kuqwalaselwa ngexesha ebimiselwe oku, ngummi nga ngokukhawuleza sinda intshutshiso ngamapolisa kunye nenkundla, ngokuba kokuphela tshutshisa ithi ngqo le nyaniso .

Kwangaxeshanye, asimele silibale ukuba le meko ayikho exculpatory ukuba umntu yaye, ke ngoko, ayithethi ubumsulwa bakhe ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye awukuvumeli ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ukuyibona ityala ngokupheleleyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa kusenziwa kukho iimeko xa umntu inika ummi elandelwayo avume ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho ukwenzela ukugqiba uphando yeli tyala kulo mhlaba, yaye oku ephule umthetho kunye nesizathu sokuba isibheno.

imithi

Le nto ibhekisa ubude elithile emva kokuphela apho umntu akakwazi kuba nabutyala ngezenzo zabo. Art. 128 lomGaqo iinkqubo mthetho ngayo ichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- ukuba uyayazi umhla ngqo, ukususela kwiiyure 00,00 ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho phambi kokuphela kosuku lokugqibela ixesha mda iseti;

- ukususela ekuqaleni kwenyanga ukuya ekupheleni kwexesha wathi (ngokuxhomekeke ebukhulwini);

- ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho, ngoko kwaba kwabokugqibela.

Apha, ukubaluleka i nqanaba lenkqubo yetyala. Umzekelo, ukuba kokuphela tshutshisa kwenzeka phambi kwetyala, ityala singamiswa ngethuba lophando lokuqala, Kakade ke, ukuba ngummi ngokwakhe hayi nxamnye nayo. Kungenjalo, inkqubo iphela kuphela emva kokuba isigwebo, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba ilahla ekhululwa isohlwayo ngezizathu phantsi Art. 78 Code Criminal.

Kwezinye iintlobo zenkohlakalo azisebenzi ngamaxesha kokuthintelwa ngenxa iimbopheleleko mthetho. Amanqaku ezidweliswe kwi-Code of Amatyala ukuqinisekisa oku, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 205, 206, 211, 356, 357, 358, 360, 278, 277.

bokuqonda

Xa umthetho lolwaphulo-mthetho, kukho enye inkalo eyenza kube lula ukuba kukhululwe umntu sisohlwayo emva kokuba egwetyiwe, kodwa kuphela xa ithuba agwetywe yaphela. Lo mthetho ebekwe phantsi Art. 83 Code of izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba umntu enetyala aphephe ukukhonza sesivakalisi ezifihlakeleyo, eli xesha uya ziya kunqunyanyiswa.

kwexesha elithile

Emva bephula ethile kufuneka baye kwesithintelo esemthethweni umdla umntu nobutyala, yaye imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- ubunzima amancinci - ubuncinane iminyaka 2;

- avareji - ezintandathu;

- zibandakanya kwexesha kakhulu iminyaka elishumi;

- enkulu kakhulu - kwaye neminyaka engaphezu kwama elinesihlanu.

Ukuba macala embalwa, ukubalwa nexesha kwenzeka ukususela ngexesha lokugqibela.

period Ukumiswa

Kulo mzekelo, necala musa khangela ukuba ulinde okwethutyana, ngoko kuya kuba nako ukuphuma isohlwayo. Kukho tyala xa bebe aloluhlobo ukusuka kuphando yetyala kunye nobulungisa kumiswe ngummiselo yokwala imbopheleleko mthetho. Of the Code Criminal sokwenjenjalo kwiSiqendu 78.

Kule meko, ezinye ubunzima ngongoma zilandelayo zingavela ukuthotyelwa komthetho:

- ukuba uvavanyo yomthetho izizathu apho umntu lalifihlakele zophando;

- kwimeko xa kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani le ndoda;

- uqale ukubala ixesha emva kokuba ngexesa lokumiswa kwayo.

Ezinye iintlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho

Kuba nganye ulwaphulo enikiweyo lokubamba kwabo kotshutshiso mthetho. Of the Code Criminal ichaza udidi lwabo ubungqongqo bolwaphulo mthetho.

Nanku umzekelo. Ubusela ifihlakeleyo prying ubusela emehlweni ipropati yomnye umntu. Isohlwayo olu hlobo mthetho kunokuba ukusuka kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwelishumi, kuxhomekeke inxalenye inqaku le-Code Criminal. Kulo kulandela ukuba lo mthetho na kubanjwa umntu onoxanduva iminyaka emibini elishumi.

Kubonakala ukuba ngenxa yokubiwa emfonomfono ibhatyi okanye umntu ingxowa izivakalisi efunyenwe enetyala kwiminyaka emibini, kwaye ukuba nolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe liqela labantu eflethini okanye ivenkile, kunye umonakalo elibalulekileyo, ukuya kwiminyaka-10. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha emva kokuba ityala linyuke inani elifanayo leminyaka.

Le mizekelo ilandelayo. Ukufunyanwa impahla yomnye umntu ukukhohlisa okanye kakubi trust - nto yinkohliso. Ngokuba kuye, iKhowudi ixhomekeke isohlwayo bakhutshelwa ngaphandle yoluntu, nto leyo ixesha ukususela kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwelishumi. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka ulwaphulo ethile inxalenye nqaku 159 yeKhowudi Criminal.

Ixesha lokuba isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa yorhwaphilizo inokuba iminyaka emibini elishumi, ukuba isenzo ulinganiswa engcwabeni. Ngako oko, ukuba ohlaselayo zidlale umakhulu, kwaye yokugqibela wamnika 3000 engange, uya kufumana iminyaka-2 kuphela entolongweni, yaye ukuba wathabatha ilifa lakhe, ngoko ukuya kwiminyaka-10. Ngoko, ngexesha lonke ixesha emva kokuba isenzo umntu banokubekwa ityala phantsi komthetho Ukohlwaywa kwethu.

kileyo

E Dunn, kukho lunee ezimbini ngokunqunyanyiswa inkqubo nxamnye ummi ngamnye.

Kwimeko yokuqala, xa isiluleko ukuba umtyholwa inkundla inika imvume ebhaliweyo kwinqununu ukwenzela ukugqiba uphando ngenxa yokuba amagama aphelelwe ye tshutshisa. Le Code Criminal unika isicelo sokuxolelwa onjalo sisohlwayo kwimizobo. 78 Akuyi nokuvuselela izizathu, kodwa hayi njengobungqina ityala lomntu.

Enye indlela - into ukunyanzelwa isigwebo kwinkundla netyala ibonisa ukuba umntu ekhululwa isohlwayo ngenxa imiqathango tshutshisa zicingeleka kugqitywa prosshestvii mali elithile.

UMZEKELO isizathu elandelayo kunokwenzeka. Malunga ummi welo kutshutshiswa phantsi Art. 158 h. 1 Code of mthetho. Isohlwayo ngenxa yale ndawo inika iminyaka emibini amakheswa eluntwini. Xa zetyala waba iminyaka emibini ukusukela kumhla ikhomishini besenzo. Ngokunxulumene nokumiselwa yinkundla oku utshutshiso yayekwa.

Lo mzekelo ulandelayo ngokomzekeliso. Citizen wasebenza esibhedlele njengomongikazi kwisebe lwezifo ezosulelayo. Ngenye imini le ambulensi yawangenisa isigulane kunye kakhulu lwe kwemichiza Ityhefu, wanikwa gqirha zokhathelelo ezingundoqo, emva koko yafakwa labagula kakhulu yaye phantsi kweliso labezempilo. Umntu kwafuneka ukuba iinaliti kunye IVs ntoni amachiza ukuba umtyholwa ngamini-nye ayikagqitywa, yaye oko kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni postradashy labagula kakhulu isiqaqa yaye kamva wafa ngaphandle kokubuyela ezingqondweni. Nurse icala Art. 109 Code of mthetho, isohlwayo apho akakwazi kuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama emithathu bodwa evela eluntwini, ekubeni libhekisela kudidi yengxinano liphantsi.

Ummangalelwa, emva uthotho iimviwo wavuma ngokupheleleyo ityala lakhe.

Ngexesha zetyala ummangalelwa, ummeli thaca imvume yakhe ebhaliweyo ukuphelisa inkqubo ngokunxulumene ekupheleni kwexesha mda. Isiseko kufakwa isicelo enkundleni oku wakhonza art. 78 kweKhowudi. Ngenxa yokuba inxalenye yokuqala ibhalwe kakuhle ukuba ngummiselo yokwala imbopheleleko mthetho ikhona kwizenzo womxhuzulane minor, ekugqityweni apho umntu ukhululiwe isohlwayo.

Umtshutshisi ukwanelisa mazwi Akazange engqondweni. Inkundla, emva kokuva zonke iingxoxo yokuzikhusela, bafika kwisigqibo sokuba, ukuba ukuhlangabezana isicelo ummeli wakhe, ndimkhulule doveritelnitsu kubutyala ngenxa yezenzo zabo. Ngenxa ukususela ngaloo mzuzu sibi ukuba sele kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwama emithathu, ngokusekelwe koko wenza isigqibo kufanelekile.

Le mizekelo ilandelayo. INkundla World wafumana tyala ngummi kwi ulwaphulo-mthetho ebekwe Article. 159 of the Code Criminal. Kulo mzekelo, umcuphi zange Isibakala sokuba ezingummiselo yokwala komthetho kuba kwakusele kudlule ixesha elide. Le nyaniso yasekwa yinkundla ngokuzimeleyo. Umtshutshisi wombuso khosi babonisa ukuma kwabo ukuba umntu unetyala kwaye iwise isigwebo apho ukunazisa ukuba ngummi uxolelwa ubutyala ukuba kwakungayi kuba zizizathu ngokupheleleyo.

Inkundla wayindulula utshutshiso ngokuchasene ngummi ekupheleni kwethuba nciphiso, ukuba kumiselwe isigqibo esifanelekileyo.