Isifo Leishmaniasis: iimpawu, unyango, iifoto

Xa efudumeleyo yamahlathi engaqhelekanga ukufumana isifo leishmaniasis. Le izifo ezosulela abantu ngokusebenzisa iluma iingcongconi. I-arhente causative kwesifo - lenyama ze sodidi Leishmania. Le leengxaki ibhaliswe kumazwe 88, apho 72 amazwe asakhulayo.

inkcazelo emfutshane

Phila nokuphuhlisa of Leishmania ebantwini okanye izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Lidla zifumaneka iimpungutye, iimpungutye, izinja, ezinye nezikrekrethi. De namhla akukho lwazi malunga ixesha infectiousness kwezilwanyana nabantu. Yinto eyaziwayo enye kuphela. Ukuba ulusu okanye egazini babe ezimfimfitha igazi, umkhosi umthombo zokosuleleka.

elala eyingozi kakhulu Leishmania ephilayo. Aphila kwi udakada wesibindi. Ngamanye amaxesha zilwanyana ezinza umongo wethambo. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, isifo esinjalo - kuphela isibetho ebantwini. Amaninzi wafumana leishmaniasis inja, iimpuku sisilo-qabane.

ulwazi zembali

Leishmaniasis wafunyanwa P. F. Borovskim ngo-1898. Ukufumana irhorho smear pendinskoy isilonda, ugqirha kuqala ochazwe kubo. Kungenxa yoko le nto sifo kwakhona ngokuba leishmaniasis "leishmaniasis". Kamva, le pathogen iya kwabelwa ukuya Leishmania uhlobo wadala ngokukhethekileyo. Indlela ngezifo iye yasungulwa ngo-1921.

Okwangoku, isifo leishmaniasis - isifo esinqabileyo, leyo ukubamba kuphela kumazwe ekweleenjiko, efudumeleyo.

Yintoni sisidleleli?

sifo kakhulu luqhelekileyo leishmaniasis cutaneous. I-arhente causative kwesifo - Leishmania. cinga parasite akwenzeki ngeliso lenyama. imilinganiso yalo microscopically ezincinane. ubude Leishmania - 3 microns. Le Isidleli ngokumila ungqukuva okanye embhoxo, ifumaneka embindini ezingundoqo yayo. Inxalenye ngaphambili iqulathe yomsila Leishmania i blefaroplast angasemva.

Isidleli sitya imixholo iiseli zezilwanyana, abantu. Phinda-phinda kwiyantlukawano elula. Kule ndawo phambi akukho yomsila. Utsho iqala inqubo yokuzala, nto leyo ekhokelele ezinokosulela umzimba.

pathways

Esi sifo kalula. Le nkqubo elula ngokwaneleyo. Izinambuzane silume umntu okanye isilwanyana Izimfimfithi ezosulelekileyo Uphatha omzimba esempilweni. Emva kwexesha isigulane bene kunye leishmaniasis sifo.

Magciwane iintlobo ezininzi elinesibini. Malunga namashumi amabini kubo isongela kubomi babantu. Amaninzi, bevakalise leishmaniasis cutaneous. Aziphixanise unyango lwesifo izinambuzane ezi engavakalelwayo ngokupheleleyo kunyango lwe-zintsholongwane.

Akubona abathwala sifo. Emva kokuba ethe walunywa izinambuzane umntu onesifo wosuleleke. Kwaye emva kweveki sele zimele ngumthombo sifo. Ezi zinambuzane igazi-owanyayo osulele isigulana uhlobo cutaneous kwesi sifo. Umzimba womntu ukhuphe izilwa-buhlungu. Xa kwakhona ukusuka imilo enjalo isigulane unalo okukwazi ngamandla esi sifo.

isifo leishmaniasis Cutaneous uyakwazi nokunikezelwa kuphela ngegazi iingcongconi. Le sinambuzane abanokosulelwa obhobhozayo isilonda.

ngezigaba izifo

Kukho iindidi ezintathu sifo:

1. Leishmaniasis isikhumba. Le yokugula wabonisa nepokotho ngokunzulu amazwi papules.
2. leishmaniasis Mucocutaneous. Kuba sifo luphawulwa nezilonda emlonyeni, impumlo kunye nomqala.
3. leishmaniasis Visceral. Le fomu unesifo xa Leishmania engena izitya nkovu le. Ekubeni laqhenqetha ukuphuma ulwelo ngawo umzimba. Ichaphazela izibilini. Oku ikakhulu le udakada, imiphunga, intliziyo, isibindi. Le fom uyakwazi ukwenza kwi ngezifo immune ezilandelayo.

Ifoto ibonisa ngokucacileyo isifo leishmaniasis ibekwe ngezantsi. Lunikeza isifo cutaneous.

Notitshala ngezifo, kuxhomekeka yayingubani ichibi kunye nomthombo usulelo. Ngenxa yoko, leishmaniasis cutaneous, kwaye visceral unokuba iifom ezimbini:

• anthroponotic - umthombo izifo umntu;
• zoonotic --arhente causative zesi sifo budluliselwe kwizilwanyana.

Iimpawu ifomu visceral

Njengoba kunjalo olu hlobo okuthatha ixesha elide. Ekubeni usulelo phambi kokuqala kwemiqondiso zokuqala zesi sifo ingathatha ukususela iintsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-5. It iphuhlisa leishmaniasis ngokuthe visceral. Iimpawu kwi nisaqala ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Kukho ubuthathaka jikelele;
• isikhumba kuba luthuthu;
• yehle umphefumlo ukuya ukungabikho yayo epheleleyo;
• ubukhulu spleen landa kancinci;
• nokunganaki ibhalwe;
• lobushushu emzimbeni liphuma (izinga eliphezulu 38 C).

Ukuqhubela phambili le sifo sizibonakalisa ngokuthi kongezwe izinto ezintsha. Nepredprinyatye izama ukunyanga leishmaniasis iyenze. Iimpawu abantu ezidityaniswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Okubalulekileyo kakhulu lobushushu (40 ufikelela indawo C). Olu phawu inophawu siziinduli. Isigulane utshintsha kunye komzimba yesiqhelo.
2. Khohlo. Le uphawu kwenzeka izitshanguba ye-apparatus sokuphefumla.
3. Zandiswa iindawo nkovu. Ngethuba lokuhlolwa. Ukunyuka waphawula kufuphi amalungu achaphazelekayo.
4. Ngobubele kwesibindi, udakada ngexesha Ngokucofa. Kuye ukwanda okubonakalayo kwezi amalungu.

Ukuba awufuni ndiqale umlo kunye ngezifo, siyaqhubeka inkqubela leishmaniasis. Unyango nzima kakhulu. imeko yesigulane baqhubeka buba:

• kwamanani yesigulana;
• spleen uba ubukhulu;
• umphezulu isikhumba owomileyo, libunile kunene;
• nesiyezi rhoqo;
• avele ukudumba emilenzeni;
• zokurhwaqela intliziyo rhoqo;
• kwandisa isisu volume (ulwelo oluhlala em- peritoneal);
• kukho isifo sorhudo;
• amandla kakuhle.

Inqanaba lokugqibela luphawulwa yehle kwezihlunu, imbonakalo umzimba uphela ngokuzigwagwisa, lisuke labuna izingxobo kodnymi. Ngenxa yoko, isigulane uyafa.

Ngamanye amaxesha bene ikhosi isifo esinganyangekiyo. Iimpawu izifo phantse namnye. Le ekliniki waphawula xa ayihlwayelayo Leishmania amalungu lwangaphakathi.

Iimpawu zezikhumba

Le fomu kudla Ibhaliswe ku Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Brazil, eSiriya, Iran, Peru. Ithuba elisuke unokuthatha ukusuka kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwiinyanga 1.5.

Xa inyathelo lokuqala uluhlu ulusu kwenzeka, nto leyo luphawu ukuba isinambuzane unomntana. Kweli nqanaba, ekugqibeleni kwasekwa ithumba, abangaboniyo efana tubercle. Ngokucofa-ndawo kubangela ubuhlungu buhlungu. Emva kweeveki omnye ukuya ezimbini kwinxalenye phakathi tubercle kubonakala nyama - necrosis. Le ndawo umbala omnyama. Kungekudala jikisa sisilonda. Ukusuka kwiziko inxeba kumi ulwelo etyheli-red - ubomvu.

Kufuphi nangezilonda lokuqala baqalisa ukuba kuvela amaqhuma eziziisekondari. Ukuthatha ifomu isilonda, bona ekugqibeleni uhlanganise. akhiwa isilonda enye enkulu phezu esikhumbeni.

iindawo nkovu Regional kungandisa isigulane kunye lokufunyaniswa "leishmaniasis". leishmaniasis Cutaneous luphawulwa enxebeni ukupholiswa iinyanga 2-6. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu ahlale endaweni izilonda.

Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu eziphambili ezimbi cutaneous zezi:

• isenzeko hillocks - leishmania;
• ukutshatyalaliswa ulusu kwisiza tubercle;
• kushukunyiswa;
• ukuphiliswa enxebeni amabala Ukwakheka.

ifomu Symptomatology mucocutaneous

Olu hlobo leishmaniasis sifo obubonakala ayahlukanga kwizifo esikhumbeni. Umahluko kuphela unikezelo ngezifo osecaleni ngenwebu yangaphakathi.

Libiza olu hlobo sisidleleli ezifumaneka Yehlabathi Elitsha. Isikhumba kunye yangaphakathi inwebu ngezifo ekuqaleni ifana ukuluma isilwanyana. Emva koko, izigulane abasetyenziswa yangaphakathi. Ngamanye amaxesha sifo deforms ubuso.

Nesi sifo ezi mpawu zilandelayo ezidityaniswe ezi mpawu zingasentla leishmaniasis cutaneous:

• iimpumlo ezivuzayo;
• ukuxinana ngeempumlo ;
• ubunzima ukuginya;
• nokopha;
• erosions kunye nezilonda emlonyeni (imilebe, iintsini, ulwimi);
• nezilonda em- ngeempumlo.

Oogqirha ukwahlukanisa iindlela ezimbini iingxaki kule fomu. Ukuba eziqhotyoshelwe lesi sifo usuleleko zasesekondari, isigulane lisenokuba inyumoniya. Le zemiphunga uthethathethwano mhlawumbi ebulalayo.

isifo izifo

Kuloo mazwe apho sifo isagquba, izigulane abanezi iimpawu zeklinikhi iziphumo analyses, izakuthatwa phambi leishmaniasis.

Ezinye izigulane ezifunekayo moshilongo esichazayo ukuba aqhube isifundo yethishyu ngemicroscope zokubhaqa ukungcola okanye iimvavanyo zegazi echonga izilwa-buhlungu. Yaziswa isikhumba uvavanyo lonyango, ebizwa uvavanyo "isikhumba black". Esinjalo isifundo ayikho ofezekileyo, ngoko phantse ayizange isetyenziswe ngenxa uxilongo lwesifo.

Asimele silibale ukuba izifo ezininzi kunokubangela ukwehla kobunzima, ifiva, ukwanda amalungu, isikhumba sisilonda. izifo abaninzi asekelwe iimpawu leishmaniasis. It icesina fever, imalariya, isifo Chagas ', toxoplasmosis, isifo sephepha, negcushuwa, histoplasmosis. Ngoko ke, kukho uxilongo eqinisekile kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokususa ezinye ngezifo.

Ukuba urhanela isifo leishmaniasis cutaneous iqala eneencwadi ngokucokisekileyo kwimbali kwezifo. Kubonakala ubunyani isixhaso isigulane kummandla owaziwa ukuqhambuka kwesi sifo.

Uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxilongo yenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• sokuhluza izinto othathwe hillocks kunye nezilonda;
• yegazi (Romanovsky-Giemsa);
• bone ngumongo okuhlatywa;
• isibindi biopsy, iindawo nkovu, udakada;
• isampula begazi;
• Iimvavanyo ze-serological (ELISA, RSK).

ayini

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, imithi ngempumelelo kwi unyango lwesifo. Bona babelwa kuphela kwimeko enye - ukuba obenesifo leishmaniasis ujoyina. Kuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo esi sifo ufanise iindlela zabo yokujongana yokugula. Ukuba umntu efunyaniswe ene leishmaniasis cutaneous, unyango isekelwe ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza zasekuhlaleni. ifomu Visceral ifuna uthotho lwezitofu.

Izifo unomoya, phantse akufuneki unyango ekhethekileyo. sifo emva kwexesha elithile idlula ngokuzimeleyo. Kule nesohlwayo, yena angazishiyi.

Ukuba isigulana umntu kwinqanaba elisezantsi sifo, oko ngokuyimfuneko owabelwe unyango ngamayeza nokunyanga. Ekubeni kwenzeka isifo kunzima kakhulu. Ukungabikho amanyathelo zonyango kuyimfuneko naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo emibi umguli, yaye maxa wambi ezibulalayo.

Ukugula esivulekayo ngendlela eqatha, kubandakanya uqhaqho. Ngexesha lo msebenzi, isigulana udakada onomzi.

Unyango lwezifo zezikhumba

iindlela ukulwa kungaxhomekeka kuhlobo nebakala le ukuhamba ngezifo ezifana leishmaniasis. Unyango zingabandakanya ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Unyango ngamachiza;
• indlela steel;
• ukuyifundisa;
• chemotherapy.

kusetyenziswa indlela Surgical, ukuba kukho omnye sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi encinane kumphezulu esikhumbeni. Le isilonda excised intsumpa.

Ukulungiselela iinjongo zonyango, ingasetyenziswa ubuchule physical therapy ilandelayo:

• ukuphelisa zokugula laser;
• cryosurgery - indawo kutshatyalaliswa ngokoyiswa ngengqele;
• unyango kukothuka - electrocoagulation.

amayeza olukhulu edityaniswe ngamayeza antibacterial kunye namanyathelo anti-ukudumba.

unyango ngamachiza isekelwe amachiza zilandelayo:

1. "Metronidazole". Unyango umenzi imalunga ne-10 iintsuku. Ichiza kuthathwa kathathu perinatally ngemini. A idosi enye - 250 mg.
2. amachiza Pentavalent kwistibhiya. Idla ngokuba iziyobisi, "Solyusurmin", "Glyukontim". Bona kuqeshwa phantsi kwawo beziyobisi "Metronidazole", ezisetyenziswa imihla 2-3. La machiza zoshwankathelo zilawulwe kweli intramuscularly. Ithamo Kucetyiswa - 400-600 mg kweziyobisi ngamnye ngosuku.
3. "Pentamidine." Esi sixhobo sesona siyobisi oyikhethileyo. Lisetyenziswa kabini ngeveki ukuze 2-4 mg / kg.
4. Local kubola, zintsholongwane, linamafutha aqholiweyo. Yenza kwimimandla echaphazelekayo. Effective zokugula ezinjalo "Monomitsinovaya", "Gramitsidinovaya", "Rivanolovaya" (1%), "Akrihinovaya" (1%), linamafutha aqholiweyo.
5. "Furatsillina". lotions acetyiswayo kule sisombululo.

unyango ngamachiza kudla izifundo ezithile wenziwe. Phakathi kwabo ngokuqinisekileyo isincomo bathathe ikhefu mayithathe 2-3 iiveki. Iidosi inikwe ngentla - kunomyinge. Ngexesha unyango imigangatho ezikhethiweyo isigulane ngamnye.

Kumanqanaba zokuqala zesi sifo arhente antiprotozoal ( "Solyusurmin", "Glyukontim") abo kungenile ngqo sisilonda. Inaliti onjalo advantageously malunga 3-5 iintsuku yenziwe.

Unyango kwefom visceral

Kule fomu leengxaki kwemfuno amayeza amaqela 3:

1. Iindlela pentavalent kwistibhiya. Amaninzi e kunyango ziquka "Solyusurmin", "Pentostam", "Neostibazan", "Glyukantim". Iziyobisi zoshwankathelo zilawulwe intramuscularly okanye yegazi. Le umthamo la mayeza kuxhomekeke yobudala. ikhondo Ubuninzi ibandakanya lwezitofu-20.
2. diamidino elimnandi. Le Amayeza "Pentamidine", "Stilbamidin". iindlela ezinjalo babelwa kwi amachiza zikhankanywe ngasentla unyango angasebenzi pentavalent kwistibhiya. Isigulane kuya kufuneka ukuba kudlula izifundo ezi-3. Phakathi apho kukho ikhefu leentsuku ezili-10.
3. "Amphotericin B". Ngale amayeza na, ukuba yonke imithi zikhankanywe ngasentla musa ukunika isiphumo enyangayo ezinqwenelekayo. Ubude unyango ibe malunga awu 8.

Unyango kungabandakanya:

• amachiza Antibacterial: "methacycline", "rifampicin";
• arhente nokubola, "Ketoconazole";
• imithi elwa, "furazolidone".

ethnoscience

Ngaba babe iindlela ezisebenzayo asetyenziswa amaxhwele ukuphelisa izifo. Nje ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba iindlela ezinjalo indawo unyango emiselwe ngugqirha xa yokugula "leishmaniasis cutaneous". Unyango amayeza intsomi kufuneka benze iindlela njengabongezelelweyo ukuba ulwe nesifo.

Xa kucetyiswa uhlobo cutaneous esi sifo:

1. Ukusetyenziswa tonics. Kuluncedo ukwenza tincture ka Aralia, Magnolia Chinese umdiliya, ginseng, Eleutherococcus, lewisia. Ukuba kuqinisekise ngokugqibeleleyo zokuzikhusela yonke ephilayo, igalelo ekuphuculeni lulonke. Uyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise nayiphi na amayeza kabini ngosuku amathontsi-30.
2. ayo Fresh. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ukuba izigulane ukuba iziselo evela iminqathe, iitapile, ikhaphetshu.
3. Decoctions, infusions ezenziwe oats. iti esintu currant amagqabi, rosehip namaqunube, Weeks.
4. Oluma phezu amaqhuma. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kuphela xa amathumba abonakala hayi. Kuba Oluma usebenzisa kanzulu iintyatyambo broths tansy, willow ixolo.
5. iinkuni Oleoresin pine - nespruce, umsipres nompleyini. Xa uhlobo ngeengqalutye kufuneka sibekwe kwindawo bachaphazelekayo, nokuzinzisa iqhiya.

Ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela, qiniseka ukuba udibane nogqirha wakho. Ezinye izixhobo ziquka Izimo kunye endaweni yokuphilisa amenzele nesohlwayo.

Yokuthintela isigulo

Amanyathelo asisiseko ukuthintela isifo ukuphelisa imithombo yosulelo - iimpuku kunye neengcongconi - kwiindawo ukwanda kwabo.

Imbewu ezimiweyo yi namabuzi, yavelisa kumgama owela ngaphakathi kwama-15 km ukusuka ilali apho yokuthintela. Lo mgama elivumelana uhambo umgama iingcongconi.

Ukuzama ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwezifo yesikhumba, kufuneka kuthintela ukufuya izilwanyana abangenamakhaya. Izilwanyana Kufuneka kuvavanywe lonke losuleleko.

amanyathelo Systemic kuthintelo ziquka:

1. Muhle kweendawo zokuhlala. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kupheliswe yokuza- iingcongconi kunye neempuku.
2. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukuphelisa ukulahlwa.
3. Ziphephe emagumbini izikhukhula.
4. nokulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo yonke imigudu.
5. Rhoqo kufuneka wenziwe disinfestation zothintelo kunye emagumbini zokuhlala.

Ukukhusela ekhaya evela iingcongconi kuvumela iminatha iingcongconi ashinyeneyo. Ukongeza, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise Izigxothi. ubuchule ezifana ezilula kuya kuthintela isifo leishmaniasis.

Uthintelo ngokutyelela iindawo ezinobungozi, ngokusekelwe unyango ethile omzimba. Ngelishwa, ukuba umhla lokugonya lwangoku senziwe nxamnye nesi sifo.

isiphelo

Kwiimeko ezininzi i-ALS izifo intle. Ukuba sithethe leishmaniasis cutaneous, oko akubulali. Nangona kusoloko kumshiya emva umonakalo umlwelwe. Xa kungekho olufanelekileyo unyango visceral uhlobo phantse lonk ebulalayo ngenxa ukungondleki kakhulu okanye ukusilela omzimba. Oku luthintelwe, kodwa isiqalo ngexesha kuphela lomzabalazo kunye ngezifo ezingentle phantsi kweliso likagqirha abanobuchule.