ISBN yencwadi - uhlobo ikhowudi nendlela ukufumana ngayo?

Namhlanje, omnye nemigangatho iyimpumelelo iincwadi elektroniki yeyona ncwadi ikhowudi ISBN. Yintoni na le fomati yaye ziziphi iingenelo zalo, makwazeke kubasebenzisi ezimbalwa, kodwa kwiminyaka ngaphantsi kwe amathathu ukusetyenziswa esebenzayo, yena sele wakwazi ukoyisa abavakalisi ehlabathini, kunye nabathengisi beencwadi mihla nje nanto ngaphandle kwayo. Umyalelo kunye nokusasazwa koko iincwadi ukuya kwinqanaba entsha lonke emva kokuba ukuqaliswa asemgangathweni, ngokuba inani elikhulu iimpapasho kwimarike yangoku ibe phantsi kolawulo eziqhelekileyo ngokusebenzisa kuphela labobalawuli ngokusekelwe ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa iincwadi ISBN. Yintoni na nokuba ukusebenzisa njani na, siza kuqwalasela ngakumbi.

Ngokwawo, le khowudi kakhulu elifutshane kwaye ukufunda usebenzisa izixhobo isixhobosovavanyo lwemifanekiso ekhethekileyo ngaphandle kobunzima. Kuba abantu abaninzi, akwaziwa apho ukufumana ISBN incwadi yakhe, noko imele ibe yintoni iingenelo oku format. Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela into yokuba akukho kusebenza kuphela kwiintlobo ngeentlobo yoshicilelo, kodwa kwakhona isetyenziswe iincwadi, hayi yenziwe fomathi eziprintiweyo, ingakumbi oku kusebenza elektroniki, phakathi leyo iye yenziwa namhlanje.

Ziziphi iingenelo kwifomati?

Ukuthandwa le fomati ibangwa ezintle eziye ISBN-iincwadi. Luni eziluncedo:

• Ifomati, kunokuthiwa ngaphandle ubaxo into ebonakalisayo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo iincwadi, kuba inani elula eziyi-10 ithatha ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na inkcazo ixesha elide. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu usindisa a ixesha elininzi neenzame, kananjalo khipha naziphi na iimpazamo ngexesha ukukopa.
• Ngoku lula yokumisela nokuhlaziya labobalawuli ezahlukeneyo kamva uncwadi olupapashwe, ngokuthi umzekeliso i "Books Print" technology. elula kakhulu, unako ukuba kuyimfuneko kwakhona ukufumana lonke ulwazi oludingayo iincwadi ezahlukeneyo ezipapashiweyo.
• Khangela kunye nokusasazwa koko iincwadi oluqhutywa kwiimeko ezininzi kuluncedo xa usebenzisa le fomati, njengoko kakhulu ngokukhawuleza nangobuchule ngakumbi.
• ISBN angafundwa a isixhobo isixhobosovavanyo lwemifanekiso umgangatho ngohlobo a barcode, le nkqubo scan yenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ishenxisa uninzi lwabantu iimpazamo.
• I-ISBN kuyimfuneko inkqubo yokuthengisa ezahlukeneyo ezinjengeetheminali elektroniki kwiivenkile ezithengisa mihla.
• ulawulo lwamalungelo ukuthandana kwiimeko ezininzi kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo.
• esweni Sales data kwakhona wenziwe usebenzisa ISBN.
• Xa usebenzisa inkqubo nokuhlela esekelwe kule yokusebenza ithala leencwadi inyuswe kakhulu.
• Kwakhona le nkqubo yengqesho nomthetho wesizwe esekelwe kwi-UK.

Yintoni na?

International Standard Book Inani - oku ISBN le ncwadi ithe uguqulwa. Yintoni na namhlanje uyazi abantu nje abambalwa abakhuthalele abanomdla iincwadi zokufunda kwaye usebenzise kuwo omabini fom ngekhompyutha kunye zemveli. Kwihlabathi, le fomati iyathandwa ngenxa yokuba yeyona ecacileyo, elifutshane ngexesha elinye elifundekayo inombolo yesazisi, apho kungekho nawuphi na banokuba ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba abeke nayiphi na incwadi. Emva yimveliso okrelekrele ngolo unikwe inombolo yaso eyodwa, kufuneka ukuba le fomathi.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-ISBN ihamba impapasho ukusuka kwinqanaba yemveliso phambili. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba wabiza omnye izixhobo zibalulekileyo kwi GhostScript mihla zilingane kurhwebo ncwadi.

na sisetyenziswa njani?

Namhlanje, phantse zonke ncwadi inayo ISBN inombolo yayo. incwadi ikhowudi bunikwa zincwadi ezilandelayo:

• iincwadana ezahlukeneyo okanye incwadi eshicilelweyo;
• incwadi apho excipients ziyabethabethana;
• iincwadi kwi CD okanye tape (incwadi audio);
• software microcomputer ezizodwa;
• e-books;
• zeBraille;
• Pub egcinwe microcarriers;
• ikhadi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba olu luhlu ukuze ibe ebanzi, kwaye eneneni namhlanje an ISBN kusetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo ngobhaliso iincwadi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ishicilela ukusetyenziswa olunye, kubandakanywa zonke iintlobo iidayari, iikhalenda, iintengiso kunye nezinye iimveliso ezifana awukwazi ukusebenzisa ifomati ukurekhoda. Oku kukwasebenza iintlanganiso yakhiwe ngaphandle page isihloko kunye umbhalo, okanye zonke iintlobo orekhodiweyo.

isakhiwo

Ukufuna Iincwadi ngu ISBN olwenziwe ikhowudi yayo eyodwa, oko kukuthi ukubhalwa nezishunqulelo abaninzi ISBN, kwakunye namanani-10 ezilandelayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuloo mazwe apho oonobumba Latin ayisetyenziswa, ushwankathelo zingasetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimi lwendawo ukongeza ISBN, esibhaliweyo Latin.

Ikhowudi equka amanani-10, yahlulwe kumaqela amane ezahlukeneyo ubude ezahlukeneyo, onahluleyo kwezinya kakhulu ngokucacileyo ukusuka kwenye nenye isithuba okanye iqhagamshela, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba xa kusenziwa kangangoko ukusebenzisa ikhonco. Inani lamasuntswana apho ibekwe zokuqala ezintathu ikhowudi zinokuba nomahluko, inani lamasuntswana ezichonga iqela elithile okanye Kupapashwa kumiselwa runs volume malunga ngekhompyutha okanye abavakalisi abavakalisi iqela elithile. Ukuba sithetha ukupapasha okanye amaqela apho kuphela inani elincinane iincwadi, ngoko Umchongi lifutshane kakhulu.

group ID

Lizwe, indawo, okanye loseto lwekhompyutha ulwimi - yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, equka inxalenye yokuqala ye-ISBN iincwadi ngekhompyutha. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iinxalenye ezithile zale nkqubo kaninzi izindawo zolwimi okanye iqela ezikhethekileyo yengingqi. Ubude liphezulu kangangoko Umchongi yi iisimboli-5.

Iqela ngalinye ibekelwe ecaleni njengomqwalaseli inyanzelekile nge-arhente ISBN yamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo ngoku ise eBerlin.

umshicileli isazisi

Yi kwinxalenye yesibini ikhowudi, uyakwazi imisele ukuba yeyiphi iqela zokupapasha ukhuphe incwadi ethile. Ngoku akukho mfuneko ukwenza iqela amanyathelo ezongezelelweyo, ukuba ufuna ukufumana ne-ISBN incwadi. Ngoncedo lwe ID umvakalisi uninzi amatyala ngokuchanileyo kumiselwa nje kuphela igama indlwana, kodwa idilesi yakhe. Xa kuthe umvakalisi khange ingasebenzi amanani ukuba ezabelwe oko, ngoko yabiwe into ebonakalisayo okhethekileyo, ukushicilela, ubude apho mayingagqithi abalinganiswa 7.

umshicileli isazisi yabelwe iincwadi ethile ngqo yi-Arhente ISBN, leyo inoxanduva lokulawula kwenkqubo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, imimandla okanye iindawo iilwimi.

ncwadi isazisi

Isahlulo sesithathu ikhowudi uzimisele malunga uhlelo ethile ekuthethwa kwindlu ethile nokupapasha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Umchongi ukuze abe ubude elingekho ngaphezu kwama-6 kanharhu, kwakunye ISBN kufuneka nakanjani kuba namalungu angekho ngaphantsi kwe-10 kanharhu, awahlutha amaqanda.

hlola nemivo

Umvo isheke umba yokugqibela kule khowudi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba eli nani zibalwe modulo 11 ezixabisa 10-2, ngexesha ukuba 10 kuba digit ngetshekhi, kulo mzekelo, kukho indawo H. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule, ukuba awazi ukufumana indlela ISBN ukuba le ncwadi .

Ngenxa yoko, naliphi na inani (ulawulo kubandakanywa) zokuqala ezisithoba, ekugqibeleni iphindwe inani ukususela nge-2 ukuya kwi-10, yaye ngenxa kweli ngesiphumo ngesiphumo kongezelelwa noko ukulawula inani kufuneka kwahlulwa ngo-11 ngaphandle abaseleyo.

Njani amagumbi?

zingatshintshwa inani lamasuntswana ngokuyinxenye nganye, nangona ukuba imali kufuneka abe ngaphezulu ezisithoba, ngokuba dijithi ezisithoba, kunye kolawulo amele ikhowudi lokugqibela nto ndiyibhalayo digits-10.

Inani lamasuntswana kwi isazisi qela usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke iincwadi ezininzi kangakanani kweli qela ekhoyo. Ngenxa yoko, kuloo maqela, ekuthi kwezo nto kuphume izinto ngaphantsi eshicilelweyo, amanani ukusuka digits omnye okanye emibini, ngoxa upapasho kunye kwiintlelo print emikhulu onamanani ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu.

Ukuqinisekisa lula ukufunda, kwakunye kwenza kube lula ukufumana ISBN le ncwadi, zonke iinxalenye ikhowudi ezahlulwa hyphens okanye izithuba, kwaye ke ukusetyenziswa hyphens kweli nqanaba senkqubo unga nciphisa ngokubaluleka ubungakanani bomsebenzi ezinxulumene nokuqaliswa kwe data.