Interferon yabantu - ngokobugcisa

Interferon njengomntu yafunyanwa ngo-1957 zizazinzulu ezimbini Isaacs Lindemann. Ngenxa kule ukufunyanwa indlela entsha ukukhuselwa iseli yabantu iye yasekwa nxamnye amagciwane. Ubushushu-inactivated umkhuhlane intsholongwane ababhali zaye ayafukanywa e amaqanda, horionalantois homogenised kwaye wafumanisa ukuba supernatant abangaphangeliyo sokwanda intsholongwane esebenzayo kwi horionalantoise. A into ebe homogenates ogama interferon, nempahla yawo eyodwa yebhayoloji iminyaka emininzi bakholwa antivovirusnuyu ukhuselo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba abavelisi interferon iiseli izicwili abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. lasungulwa uyacengeka ziintsholongwane, iintsholongwane noko ezincinane, ifungi yayintsholongwane eyosulela, lenyama, impembelelo mitogens iipholima. Leukocytes bayakwazi aqhubela interferon kudibaniso kwiiyure 3-4 emva virus okuthatha.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isenzeko sokuphamazisa egazini Kudala kwaziwa. Oku kusekelwe yokhuseleko izakhono zabantu nxamnye isenzo lwegciwane ngokunamandla ngoncedo yeemeko yokunganyangeki nonspecific, intsholongwane ukuba ngexesha elifanayo okanye ngaphambili emzimbeni enye ufumana akanangozi. Into enje, oko kukuthi, lo mba sokuphamazisa uyabonakala ngamagciwane iintsholongwane ebudeni ngokuzibandakanya kwabo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba omnye zezinto pathogen kunganqanda ukuba enomfanekiso omnye iintlobo, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukutshintsha indlela wabangela ukuba usulelo. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba xa umntu onesifo okanye nesifo sokuphunza ezilwanyana, nezifo anthrax. Wachaza uphazamiseko phakathi iintsholongwane kunye tularemia Brucella. Kukho isizathu ukucinga ukuba uphazamiseko amagciwane yavelisa ngumqobo ukuba iibhloko iiseli sensory kwi macro-ethize kudala iimeko ezimbi ngobukho omnye kwamagciwane ezikhuphisanayo.

Ngokutsho data yakutshanje, kukho iintlobo ezintathu interferon (gamma-ugonyiwe, fibroblast beta kunye alpha leukocyte interferon), ezahluke imvelaphi, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neempawu eziphilayo. Kufuneka ke ukuba uphazamiso phakathi iintsholongwane lwenziwa ngoncedo inhibitor ekhethekileyo leyo kuhlelwe ngokuthi iiseli ezosulelwe ephilayo.

Wabonisa ukuba interferon yabantu - iqela enxulumene peptides eziphilayo esebenzayo, ezo eqalisiweyo iiseli emva uvuselelo yi inducers ezahlukeneyo. Uyondelelwano lwee- interferon elikwaziyo ukucinezela umsebenzi bemvelo iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni, iyahluka kakhulu ngamandla. Uninzi novelwano yesenzo interferon yaba iintsholongwane nokubane amacandelo iqokobhe kunye lipid engaphandle (miksovirusy, arboviruses, ingqakaqa virus), kunye picornaviruses kanti adenoviruses akanayo emvulophini engaphandle kwaye ziyamelana kakhulu kule inkalo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko xa iintsholongwane ukuba le mvulophu, umboniso landa uxhathiso inyathelo interferon (iintsholongwane herpes).

interferon kwabantu

Umfutho esingundoqo lasungulwa abaninzi kwii-iiseli amazwe acid acid, leyo kukwaphulwa intsalela eziqhelekileyo genetic amaqela awohlukeneyo iiseli. A isivuseleli ukwenza ngcono ntsholongwane nucleic asidi iiseli zezilwanyana ezinomqolo, nangona ezinye ii-asidi acid ayanceda inducers of interferon. Phakathi amacandelo iiseli ngeentsholongwane ukuba luphawulwa ukusebenza interferon, indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa endotoxins iintsholongwane gram-HIV kunye lipopolysaccharides kunye polysaccharides, xa pirogenal ethile, prodigiozan. Interferon lukhutshwe ezenziwa ngabantu phantsi kwempembelelo phages RNA kunye neentsholongwane, nto leyo ikhuseleke kakuhle ukusuka isiphumo inhibitory of ribonuclease.

Ngokumalunga iimpawu interferon, yena, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya inhibitors eyaziwa ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo intsholongwane kuchaphazela ngqo emanzini iiseli ezibuthathaka, awenze ukumelana yokuzala wentsholongwane egazini. Ukuze interferon zokubonisa isiphumo antiviral, iiseli ezinobuthathaka kufuneka kuyondelelaniswe engaphazanyiswanga RNA yeselula kunye neeproteni zeselula.

Kutshanje, njengoko arhente antiviral ilawulwa "interferon amayeza abantu alfa 2". mechanism isenzo antiviral kunxulumene ekuyilweni kweendlela zokuzikhusela neinfetsirovanyh intsholongwane iiseli. Oku lutshintsha iimpawu ze inwebu yeseli, nto leyo ethintela kwii kwentsholongwane kwi kwiseli.

Le ngokobugcisa ziquka Okukodwa iintlobo interferon, nto leyo ethetha kubonakaliswa akhetha ngayo umsebenzi kumzimba iintlobo wayo homologous. Umzekelo, interferon wavelisa iiseli chicken umbungu, inokuba ukukhusela iimpuku okanye nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo, yaye interferon eziveliswa leukocytes babantu, akukho umsebenzi izilwanyana. Lo mhlaba ayikho epheleleyo kunye, kwezinye iimeko, imvelaphi interferon heterologous inokuba inxaxheba lomzimba lomnye iintlobo.