Intambo yentsimbi: ubukhulu. Intambo yeMetric: GOST

Kuyaziwa ukuba i-threaded enye yezona zihlanganiso eziqhelekileyo ezinokuthi zivumeleke ukuba zenze iindibano kwaye zenze i-disassembly isebenze ngaphandle kokulimala kwintembeko yezakhiwo, oomatshini kunye neendlela. Isiseko salolu xhumano ngumtya owenziwe kwiindawo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zeembutho zokujikeleza, ezithi, ngokubanzi, zohlukene ngokuxhomekeke kwizibonisi ezichazwe ngezantsi. Ukwahlula kwemicu lubekwe kwitheyibhile elingezantsi.

Umthamo weetrikhi

Ukusika ukusika okanye kwizinto eziphathekayo, eneprofayili yezinyo ngendlela yexantathu ye-isosceles, intambo yeetrikri, ubukhulu bayo bulinganiselwa kwiimitha-mitha. Ngokomfanekiso wesicelo somhlaba, lo mgca unesigxina, kodwa unokuthi udibanise.

Olu hlobo lokugqibela lusetyenziswa kakhulu, ngokukodwa kulezi zixhobo ezilandelayo:

• Iibhottshi;
• Anchors;
• Imiqulu;
• Zixhobo;
• Iinwele zeenwele;
• Amantonga kunye nezinto.

Ukusika ukucima, kusetyenziswe kwisiseko sesimo somongo, kuthiwa ngumtya weetrikhi. It isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezifuna ukuvala ngokukhawuleza kwamalungu, ngaphandle kokutywinwa okongezelelweyo kunye nokupheliswa kokuvuza ngenxa yokutsalwa okulula kunye ne-axis. Isetshenziselwa ukufakela iiplagi kunye nokuxhamla kombhobho:

• Ioli;
• Ioli;
• Gesi;
• Amanzi;
• Umoya.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba imicu e-tapered kunye ne-cylindrical ineprofayile efanayo, eyenza ikwazi ukuyihlahlela ndawonye. Intambo yamatriki ihlelwa ngubukhulu, isalathisi sokujikeleza, inyathelo kunye neeparitha ezongezelelweyo ezibonakaliswa kumakisha.

Intambo yeetrikiti

Ukusabalala kweedamitha zale ntambo kwishishini linomlinganiselo ukusuka ku-0.25 ukuya ku-600 mm, kunye nobubanzi obungaphezu kwama-68 mm umgca awunzulu, ngelixa le xabiso lihluka. Ukuxubusha nge-pitch enkulu kusetshenziswe kumalungu angaphantsi kwemithwalo enkulu kunye neyoyikima. Kwakhona kunomdla ukuba kwintambo enkulu ihlale ichanekile ngokumalunga nobubanzi, ngokuchasene nomncinci, onokungafani, okuhlukeneyo kunye nokongezwa ngokukodwa ekumakeni.

Umzekelo, ukuba "i-M16" ifumaneka kumaxwebhu obugcisa okanye imidwebo kwiindawo zamalungu, oku kuthetha ukuba ileta M ithetha umtya weetrikhi. Ubungakanani bomda obangaphandle obujikelezayo buyi-16 mm, kwaye inyathelo elikhulu lomtya olinganiselwe ngu-2 mm, ngokwemiqathango enikeziwe kwitheyibhile (umgca wesibini umgca uboniswa kubazali). Ngoko, intambo iyimetric: ubukhulu becala (GOST 24705-2004).

Imicu ecocekileyo

Ukumakisha, isinyathelo esincinane siboniswa emva kobubanzi. Kubukeka ngathi: "M16 × 0.5", apho, njengoko sele sele ikwaziwa, iM u ngumtya weetriki. Ubukhulu bomda ongaphandle buyi-16 mm, kunye nobukhulu bezitshixo ze-0.5 mm. Okuthakazelisayo, emva kokuphakama kwe-2 mm, ummehluko phakathi komgca we-thread ubonakala ngokubonakalayo, obangela ukuhlukana. Kwaye iimveliso ezilinganayo ububanzi zinemihlathi emininzi yamanyathelo okudweba kakuhle, afana nalawo athathwa ngo-16 mm:

• 1.5 mm;
• 1.0 mm;
• 0,75 mm;
• 0.5 mm.

Ngokomzekelo, inxalenye yetafile inikezelwa, eyenza kube lula ukuqonda nokucacisa uluhlu lwemicu emihle, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela isinyathelo esikhulu esicatshangwe ekuqaleni.

Intambo yentsimbi: ubungakanani obuyisiseko (GOST 24705-2004)

Iiparameter ezicacileyo

Kwimiqulu emininzi yomgca, isinyathelo siboniswe ngokwahlukileyo (kubazali), kwaye endaweni yayo inani lokutyelelwa liboniswa. Nantsi indlela kunye nezinye iiparamitha ezongezelelweyo ziboniswa kumakisha:

• (P1) - apho iP isinyathelo se-1 mm, kwaye ijika-3 (umzekelo: M42 × 3 (P1));
• Umtya we-LH - wesobunxele (umzekelo: M40 × 2LH);
• I-MK - intambo yeetriktiweyo (umzekelo: MK24x1.5);
• EG-M okanye i-GM, Lapho iG ichaza intambo kwisiseko se-cylindric of insert wire okanye ukufaka (umzekelo: EPL 6-GM5);
• G, h, H iyinkalo yokunyamezela, ukunyamezela kobunzima bomda ngokudibanisa nobunzima bokubonisa (umzekelo: M12-6g), kunye neerameter ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi nangaphandle, zombini ukunyamezela kubonakaliswe kumakisha (umzekelo: M12-6g / 8H).

Idijithali zetambo

Kukho izicatshulwa ezichazwe kwiibhulawu zishwankathelo, ezibalulekileyo ukuqwalasela kwiimeko apho intambo yemetri ibonwa ngayo - ubukhulu I diameters:

• Ngaphandle (D no d);
• Ngaphakathi (D _{1 no} d ₁ );
• Umyinge (D _{2 no} d ₂ );
• Ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwecavity (d ₃ ).

Xa zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwidibene edibeneyo ye-sliding fit, i-diameter yesilinganiso ibaluleke ngakumbi, kwaye kwiimeko zokulingana kwexabiso, enkulu I- ₂ bolts kunye ne-D ₂ nuts.

Iibumba ezinkulu D zichaza ixabiso leedamitha zengxube zangaphakathi, kunye neendawo ezisetyenziselwa kumgangatho ongaphandle zichazwe ngamagama amancinci - d. Amanani abonisa indawo. Iqondo lokuchaneka kweenkalo zokunyamezela lihlelwe ngeempawu zetekisi: E, F, G, H, d, e, f, g, h, kwaye, njengee diameter, ileta ibonisa indawo.

Imilinganiselo yeetrikhi kunye neengtow

Ngokungafani namazwe aseYurophu kunye namazwe asondeleyo kuwo, apho inkqubo yeetrikiti yanda khona emva kokulawula kukaNapoleon, kumazwe akwii-colonies zaseBrithani kunye nama-satellites ayo onke amanqanaba ayenzeka kwinkqubo yemikhosi. Kule nkqubo, ukulinganisa imicu kunye nokudibanisa kwabo kwenziwa kwintshi intshi.

Ukunquma kwinqwelo, eneprofayili yezinyo ngendlela yexantathu ye-isosceles, nge-angle engama-degree angama-55. (Kwi-standard ye-UTS ye-USA kunye neCanada - ama-degrees angama-60) kuthiwa intambo ye intshi, ubukhulu bayo buyii intshi, kwaye i-pitch inombolo yokujika ngamanzi intshi (1 "= 24.5 mm). Ukususela kwi-3/16 ", ukutyunjwa kubonisa kuphela ububanzi obungaphandle.

Ubungakanani bomtya obusintshi kunye nemetrikhi Ukulinganiswa kunye ne-caliper, kwaye ukuba kwimeko yomtya weetrikhi kuya kukwanela, ngoko kwi-intshi emva kokulinganisa sebenzisa itheyibhile ekhethekileyo. Xa ulinganisa intambo, iikhompyutheni ezikhethekileyo zisetyenzisiweyo, kodwa kukho indlela eyaziwayo yokulinganisa inyathelo: ukuba, emva kokufaka iphepha eliphepha ngentambo, pheqa umkhiqizo ngezihlandlo eziliqela, umkhondo uprintwa kwiphepha, kukuvumela ukuba ulinganise umlawuli. Xa usebenzisa iphepha elikwiphepha, isidingo somlawuli asisadingekile - kwanele ukubala inani lamanqaku kwii-2 seli (1 cm) kwaye uhlule ngo-10.

Ubukhulu beentambo

Ukufumana intambo kubangelwe:

• Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kunye neentloko;
• Ukusika ii-cutters, ii-combs okanye i-cutters;
• Ukusika ukufa okanye iipompo;
• Ukukhangela okuchanekileyo;
• Abrasive okanye EDM.

Ukukhawula intambo yangaphandle, umsebenzi osebenzayo ujikelezekile kwaye uncinci, kwaye umncinci, omncinci kune-metric (hole) yomdaka, kodwa omkhulu kunokuba ububanzi bawo bangaphakathi, udibene phantsi kwentambo yangaphakathi. Emva kokugqiba ubungakanani beemingxube phantsi komnatha weetrikri, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba xa usika inotshi ngaphakathi, i-extrusion encinci yezinto ezibonakalayo ezithatha inxaxheba ekuvelweni kwiprofayili efayilileyo ivela. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iipropati zezixhobo apho kubanjelwa khona ukubola, ukunciphisa ubukhulu bokubamba ngo-0.1 mm.

Ubungakanani bamantongomane ngentambo yamatriki

I nut isinye sezixhobo zezinto zokugxininisa, ezinomtya wangaphakathi. Ziyahluka ngokuphakama malunga nobubanzi kunye namandla, ngokubhekiselele kwinjongo kunye nokucwangciswa. Eyona nto isetyenzisiweyo kakhulu iinqunto zentloko okanye ihekisi, nolu luhlu lwazo ngokubonisa i-GOST:

• IGOST 5915-70 - ubukhulu obuphakathi;
• IGOST 15523-70 - phezulu;
• IGOST 22354-77 - amandla anyukile;
• I-GOST 5916-70 - umnqweno omncinci kunye nekhefu;
• I-GOST 10605-94 - ngomda womda ngaphezu kwama-48 mm.

Kukho amaninzi amanqaku kunye nenjongo ekhethekileyo, nantsi imimiselo kunye neGOST zabo:

• Uhlobo lwe-Cap (i-hexagonal) - GOST 11860-85;
• Ukukhangela okubhaliweyo (i-lamb-lamb) - GOST 3032-74;
• Isithsaba esinezantsi - iGOST 5919-73;
• Ixhaswe nge-slot-GOST 11871-88, iGOST 10657-80;
• Ukujikeleza, ekupheleni, imingxuma ye-radial - GOST 6393-73;
• Imisebenzi yokugubha (i-bolts eye) -GOST 22355 (DIN580, DIN 582).

I-parameter ebaluleke kakhulu yokudibanisa idibanti yinto ehambelana neentambo kunye nemicu. Iimpawu zemixholwana eninzi efunwayo kunye ne-pitch enkulu ziboniswe kwitheyibhile engezantsi, apho i-S ubukhulu botshixo, i - width of nut, kwaye m ubude bayo.

Itheyibhile yokuhambelana nemicu kunye neentonga (i-GOST 5915-70 kunye ne-GOST 10605-94)

MiGangatho

Ubunzima bomnxeba obalulekileyo buhambisana neGOST 24705-2004, eguqula umgangatho-ISO 724: 1993 (udidi lwamazwe ngamazwe). Le GOST ukususela ngoJulayi 1, 2005 ngumgangatho welizwe weRussia Federation kwaye iyayiqwalasela imfuno yoqoqosho lwamazwe angama-12, ngaphambili awamalungu e-USSR, awavotelayo. Ngaphantsi kwezenzo zalo, ubukhulu bomthamo we-metric yeGOST 9150 ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo zibandakanyiweyo, kunye neerameter kunye namanqanaba e-GOST 8724.

Ngokwemigangatho yokutshintshana, le GOST ibhekisela kwimilinganiselo elandelayo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nakwilizwe:

• IGOST 8724-2002 (ISO 261-1998);
• IGOST 9150-2002 (ISO 68-1: 1998);
• GOST 11708-82;
• IGOST 16093-2004 (ISO 965-1: 1998 kunye ne-ISO 965-3: 1998).

Le GOST ilungisa zonke iimeko eziphambili, ukunyamezela, iigama kunye neelamule zokubala i-diameter:

• D ₂ = D - 2 x 3/8 H = D - 0.6495 P;
• D ₂ = D - 2 x 3/8 H = d - 0.6495 P;
• D ₁ = D - 2 x 5/8 H = D - 1.0825 P;
• D ₁ = D - 2 x 5/8 H = d - 1.0825 P;
• D ₃ = d-2 17/24 H = d = 1.2277 P.

Kunzima ukucinga ngobomi bwanamhlanje ngaphandle koomatshini kunye neendlela, kunzima nakakhulu ukucinga ngeteknolo ngaphandle kwamanyathelo angenakuxhatshazwa anikezela. Ukusebenza kakuhle, ukulungelelaniswa kokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokukhululekile kuqinisekisile ukuba ukudibanisa okufakwe kwindawo ehloniphekileyo kwimbali yehlabathi.