Inshorensi Idiposithi: abathathi-nxaxheba kule nkqubo, irejista beebhanki kunye nophuhliso e-Russia

NgoDisemba 27, 2003 kwi-Russian Federation weza ukusebenza uMthetho Federal "Kwi-inshorensi iidipozithi ngamnye Russian Federation" (uMthetho). Malunga neminyaka elishumi yomsebenzi onzima, ingxoxo bungwanyalala, abambeneyo kunokwenzeka kukuphuhlisa enye entsha indlela mali inkqubo zebhanki Russian - inkqubo-inshorensi idipozithi (WUDI). Isiseko imvelaphi inye waba nengxaki kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kwi imi--30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Kuba ixesha lokuqala olu hlobo lomsebenzi Wabonakala kwicandelo logcino le USA ngo-1933. Ubukho kukarhulumente, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka iidiphozithi kwimigangatho yamazwe EU - kuyimfuneko wempumelelo kwicandelo-mali karhulumente.

Ulungelane izenzo zehlabathi zemali kwindlela yogcino-mali kwi-Russian Federation wakhangela ethembeke ngokwaneleyo ngokwalo abagcinisa. Ezi meko zinje kakhulu zanciphisa ukuthontelana capital simahla kwicandelo logcino.

Phuhlisa inkqubo inshorensi idipozithi yenzelwe ukuba sizinze yonke inkqubo zebhanki. Emva kokuba iziganeko ka-1998, xa inxalenye ebonakalayo abatyali ezilahlekileyo imali yabo, abakholosa iibhanki kuye kuphe- eRashiya. Oku nje kodwa sibe nefuthe elibi ekungeneni kwemali eyinkunzi ezikhoyo kwicandelo logcino.

Oku kwabangela baqulunqe isikhokelo bolawulo elawula inshorensi elisisinyanzelo iidipozithi. Kuba inkqubo zemali Russian yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu zaphunyezwa luluntu zebhanki, kunye norhulumente. Isiphumo sale msebenzi joint - ukwandisa abantu ngokwethemba kwicandelo logcino.

iinjongo inye

Ngokuqalisa inkqubo echanekileyo wezimali, singakwazi ukufezekisa iinjongo ezibekwe yinkqubo ye-inshorensi deposit mandatory:

• ukwandisa ukuzithemba ezibhankini, ngaloo ndlela azixhase iimali;
• ukukhusela amalungelo abagcinisa yebhanki Russian;
• ukutsala ulondolozo abemi kwicandelo logcino.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba akukho iinjongo ayihambi phambili. Ngenxa yokuba ngokukhawuleza ngokutshintsha ekuphumezeni iinjongo ze kwicandelo logcino aqalise ukuhlasela wabonakala ntlekele njalo kubandakanya imingcipheko zimali ukukhula. Base, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukufikelela kuzo zonke iinjongo, kukho uphuhliso oluzinzileyo inkqubo zemali zebhanki.

imigaqo inye

Le mithetho-siseko engundoqo apho inkqubo inshorensi idipozithi eRashiya, umthetho equlethwe kwiSiqendu 3 lomThetho.

Zonke ngasechwebeni Russian Federation abalungele ukuvulwa kunye nokugcinwa akhawunti abantu ekufuneka ukuba babe ngamalungu inye. Iibhanki inxaxheba kwinkqubo inshorensi idipozithi kufuneka:

• Rhoqo axolele-inshorensi-mali inshorensi idipozithi, ngokubonelela ukugcwaliswa fund lonyuselo. Ukongeza iminikelo ukuba iibhanki isicelo izohlwayo inzaliseko emva kwexesha imisebenzi yayo. Phantsi izibalo zezohlwayo nazo ngumthombo wemvula ye Fund.
• Ukuze azise abathengi zabo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba la, isixa iintlawulo inshorensi ngolwazi kwi eminqubeni kwiindawo zoluntu.
• Kukhokelela-to-umhla irejista izibophelelo ngetyala le bhanki.
• Zalisa enye nezibopho nguMthetho.

Iingozi abagcinisa kufuneka kakhulu zancitshiswa kwiimeko apho iibhanki angabi nako ukuzalisekisa iimfanelo zalo kubathengi.

Imisebenzi ye inye kufuneka ibe selubala. Oku kuthetha ukufikelela izimali ulwazi malunga nokusebenza ibanga.

Nje ezimbalwa imigaqo lokwenziwa komsebenzi inye

Ngaphandle ngongoma zingasentla, esinokuzifumana-siseko ezongezelelweyo uMthetho:

• nxaxheba kwinkqubo bayakwazi ukuba iibhanki kakhulu ngokwezimali le Russian Federation;
• zezibonelelo zeinshorensi ziqine;
• kufuneka bagcine isantya iphezulu iintlawulo ze-inshorensi.

Umgaqo ukunyamezelana ngokwezimali iibhanki ezinamandla ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba amalungu inye kunokuba ezo amaziko yezimali ukwanelisa iimfuno phezulu kwi imeko yemali kuphela. Ngoko ke, ngokutsha rhoqo kwaye ngokucokisekileyo yeebhanki ekhoyo yenziwa ukwenzela le njongo yi-Central Bank. Ngexesha uvavanyo kuvavanywa ngayo amatyala-asethi zeziko, inzuzo, ukwinqanaba lolawulo, yaye ngaphezulu. Oku kushenxisa iibhanki "ngxaki" kwaye ukunciphisa ingozi non-yezimali.

Inkqubo-inshorensi idipozithi - indlela yokubuyisela i imbuyekezo elilinganiselweyo. Ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 11 soMthetho, kwiimeko inshorensi (-ukungathotyelwa kunye neemfanelo zabo elunxwemeni)-mali angalindela ukuhlawula le mali ka-100% kuzo zonke iidipozithi ebhankini eyenzelwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo nenzala efunyenweyo.

Ukubuya ukufakwa kwemali kunye nenzala ethe oluqhutywa engange. Iidipozithi njengemali amazwe eziguqulelwe kwi-Bank of Russia ngeranti ngexesha lomsitho inshorensi. Ngaphandle kokuba umthengi akhawunti e kwiibhanki eziliqela, imbuyekezo iya kumiselwa ngokwahlukileyo iziko le-mali ngamnye. Ukufumaneka isivumelwano sentengo yemboleko ibhanki ukunciphisa isixa yembuyekezo imali mboleko.

iintlawulo inshorensi iidipozithi ehlabathini yenziwa ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30. Kukholelwa ukuba ixesha lokuhlawula elide kunokubangela uvalo nokunciphisa ukuthembakala inye.

Abathathi-nxaxheba yenkqubo insurance idipozithi

Kuxhomekeka malungu alandelayo inye babelwe liabilities wabelane:

• OKhuselwe ngeInshorensi - iibhanki kwinkqubo inshorensi idipozithi, ezidweliswe kwindlela kwirejistri. Ilungelo lokuba lilungu inye iye yebhanki nganye phantsi komqathango wokuba ilayisenisi yakhe ekhutshwe yi-Central Bank of the Russian Federation, ukutsala imali simahla abantu ukuze uvule ukufakwa kwemali. Fumana ulwazi malunga nxaxheba ebhankini kwi-Russian Federation kwinkqubo inshorensi idipozithi kwi kwisiza ACB ebhankini.
• Beneficiary - abagcinisa, abathengi zebhanki banelungelo ukufaka ibango lezibonelelo ze-inshorensi.
• Inshorensi - umzimba leyo inoxanduva esweni umsebenzi inye, oko kukuthi i-Arhente Inshorensi Idiposithi (YOSUKU).
• ukuba umzimba, siphathiswe esweni izibophelelo i Bank of Russia.

Ukongeza, ukuthatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo uyamkela uRhulumente RF, ngokukodwa, ngayo ukulawula ukusebenza inye.

Agency Insurance idiphozithi

YOSUKU ludlala indima enkulu eqinisekisa ukuba i-inshorensi idipozithi. Icandelo 2 weSiqendu 15 lomThetho ichaza uluhlu igunya-Arhente;

• accounting irejista nemibutho zebhanki;
• Ukhuliso lwe-inshorensi, ukugcinwa kolawulo kunye nokhuseleko-mali;
• abagcinisa imali zemali izicelo ukuzaliseka kwiifom zabo zamabango;
• isibheno Bank of Russia-sanctions imithetho zebhanki kunye nemfuno zesicelo yeMilinganiselo uxanduva;
• imali kwingxowa-mali efumanekayo;
• ulawulo kweebhanki ngokunxulumene kwiimfuno ezimiselweyo ezicaciswe eMthethweni;
• kujongwa indlela yokubala kunye iintlawulo zemirhumo okunyanzelekileyo ziibhanki.

Iminikelo ezingekho amalungu SHS

Inqaku lesi-5 loMthetho Ubonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-inshorensi idipozithi ligubungela inxalenye enkulu kubo, ngaphandle kwe:

• akhawunti ezivulwe emasebeni beebhanki Russian akhiwe kwamanye amazwe;
• iidipozithi aphethe;
• iminikelo ye IP, amagqwetha, amaxwebhu, ezo zivulekile ngenjongo yokwenza ushishino;
• iidipozithi kudluliselwa ibhanki in trust;
• imali kwi akhawunti electronic;
• akhawunti metal ezingabiwanga.

inshorensi idipozithi inikwa yi-mthetho kwaye ayifuni ukupheliswa kwesivumelwano okhethekileyo.

amatyala inshorensi

TCO iquka amatyala eziliqela, kuquka ukuhlawulwa imbuyiselo abagcinisa:

• ukurhoxiswa kwelayisenisi zebhanki, enika ilungelo yokuqhuba imisebenzi yemali;
• ukuqaliswa kwe-Bank of Russia of nezithintelo kwemicimbi ethile zemali.

Zonke izigqibo ezinxulumene ukuqukwa kunye nokukhutshelwa evela inye kwibhanki kwirejista efunyenwe yi-Arhente.

amalungelo abagcinisa

Le abagcinisa yeebhanki zorhwebo banamalungelo phantsi koMthetho:

• abafumana i-inshorensi yembuyekezo bekelelo;
• YOSUKU bazisiwe amatyala zokungathotyelwa yibhanki kunye nezibophelelo zawo malunga yesibambiso;
• ufumane inkcazelo epheleleyo malunga inxaxheba ibhanki xa ibanga.

Inkqubo-inshorensi idipozithi silawula ukuphunyezwa iintlawulo inshorensi ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 12 lomThetho. Ulwazi malunga nokumiswa kwimisebenzi yeBhanki upapashwa "Bulletin ye-Bank of Russia" kwi-website YOSUKU. Ukususela kumhla isiganeko inshorensi, yaye ngaphambi kokuphela inkqubo yimali, umboleki unelungelo kwifayile amabango abo, angenise isicelo esibhaliweyo nokuba nolawulo yethutyana, okanye leyo nkampani. Ngoko nangoko wenza intlawulo iintsuku ezi-3, kodwa zingadlulanga iintsuku ezili-14 ukususela kumhla isiganeko inshorensi. Ngesicelo eso sixa abagcinisa lembuyekezo ikhutshwa ngekheshi okanye ozitshintshele ethile akhawunti yebhanki.

Inye ezilungileyo nezingalunganga

Ingxaki yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ukufakwa kwemali kwimigangatho - enye kuphuhliso engundoqo elincumisayo uqoqosho kweli lizwe. Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba ukunqongophala ukuzithemba kwindlela yogcino le ikhuthaza abantu ukuba utyalo ngenxa yokoyika ukulahlekelwa ngonaphakade. Ukuphelisa le umba krakra kunye nomthetho federal eyenzelwe ukunika isiqinisekiso ku abagcinisa.

Inkqubo-inshorensi idipozithi - oku linyathelo elibalulekileyo ukunyusa trust kwimigangatho. Ngumba obalulekileyo la kukuqinisekisa bank kwempahla idipozithi abagcinisa, hayi ebhankini.

Ukulawula inkqubo ukusebenza, ukulawula ukuphunyezwa imigaqo kunye neenjongo ze-Arhente Idiposithi Insurance, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, lixhomekeke emthethweni eqhelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuze ukomeleza Arhente liya kuba nelungelo ngokuzimeleyo ukwenza imicimbi yemali.

inshorensi Idiposithi - yindlela ebalulekileyo inkqubo ephilileyo yezimali. Ngaphezu koko, iibhanki ngokwabo abanomdla inxaxheba yabo Officer. Ekubeni ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo lebhanki akunakwenzeka ngaphandle isilumkiso ezikweletini, kwakunye nokubonelela kuye ngenkxaso ngamaxesha lengxaki ngeendleko kwemali karhulumente.

Namhlanje, ngelishwa, ngeke ingqalelo inkqubo inshorensi idipozithi kwi Russian Federation ogqibeleleyo. Oku kufuna engaphezulu ekuphuculeni ukufundiswa. Iingcali zithi kufuneka uthathe imiqathango ezongezelelweyo ukuze elawula:

• izigwebo, evumela iibhanki ngamnye ukugcina iidipozithi, nangona Ekulawuleni igunya zokwalusa ukuxhoma imisebenzi ebhankini.
• Ukwandiswa koluhlu bezinto "inshorensi" ngokuthi kuquka oosomashishini ngamnye, amashishini amancinane zomthetho, iidiphozithi ebuntsimbi njalo njalo.
• Ukunyuka kancinane imali eliphezulu kunokwenzeka. Ngokwecandelo nokukhula koqoqosho, imigangatho yokuphila ngabemi, Kakade ke, ukwandisa kunye needipozithi. Imeko enjalo kuya kuquka, kunye nokukhula kweziqinisekiso zikaRhulumente khona imali ebhankini, nto leyo ngokuyimfuneko kuqulatha ukuzithemba abagcinisa.
• Inkqubo yokuqingqa iminikelo kuvavanywa evela kwibhanki kwilungu. Namhlanje wasebenzisa "ezilinganayo" ukuqinisekisa inqanaba iminikelo. Ngelo xesha zonke iibhanki uhlawule ipesenti enye zonke iidipozithi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yamanqanaba ezahlukeneyo umngcipheko beebhanki, le nkqubo ayilungelelene.
• Ukomelezwa indima YOSUKU ukuthintela amatyala beebhanki kunye nokubanika inkxaso eyimfuneko ukuze aphume iimeko ezinzima zezimali.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo-inshorensi idipozithi ifuna indlela ebanzi ngenjongo ukwenza utshintsho oluyimfuneko kunye nokuphuculwa. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuba lo msebenzi lwaqhutywa ngokudibeneyo ngabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo inshorensi idipozithi.