Inqaba yaseLondon. Iindwendwe zaseLondon: Inqaba yecala

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo e London zibandakanya iziza ezinomtsalane ezifana neSt Paul's Cathedral, iBackingham Palace (indawo yokuhlala yaseMfumenekazi), iWesternsor Castle (indlu yendlu yobukhosi), iSonto leTemplar kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kodwa eli nqaku liya kunikezelwa kwisikhumbuzo esisodwa sezembali - iNqaba. Ngenye yezona zinkulu zakhiwo zaseBrithani. Kuyo yonke imbali yakhe ende, watyelela indlu yaseburhulumenteni, intolongo, iintente, iinqwelo zezixhobo, ukugcinwa kwezinto, ukugcinwa kwezinto, kude kube yilapho ekugqibeleni, yaba yimyuziyam. NgesiNgesi, iNqabayoloko isisigxina samandla obukhosi kunye nentolongo yeentshaba zayo. Kwiindonga zale nqaba, abaninzi abantu babulawa okanye babulawa ngokufihlakeleyo, ngoku ukuba izibhamu zivame ukubonakala kwiindwendwe. Siza kuthethwa ngabaphathikazi beentloko kunye neenkosana eziphosa. Kodwa ugxininiso lwengqalelo yethu luya kuba yiNqaba yokuLwela.

Isakhiwo seNqaba

Inqaba yakhiwa nguWilliam uMnqobi ngo-1066 njengophawu lolawulo lukaNorman eBrithani. Yakhelwe ngokwemiqathango yonke yobugcisa bokuqulunqwa kwexesha elide. Phakathi kwendawo yokuhlala, i-pitgel yavuka. Ngoku i-White Tower. Kwimijikelezo yayiyindonga enqaba. Kwaqhekeka kwiinqaba ezininzi, ezikhuselayo, imisebenzi yokuzikhusela. Abanye babo babekhonza njengamasango e-pommel kunye namabhuloho. Ngoku iNqaba yaseLondon ijikelezwe ngamacangca amabini ezakhiwo ezikhuselayo kunye ne-moat. Kwangexesha elide likhonza njengendawo yokuhlala yobukhosi. Wayevuselela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye wayomeleza, kuba ukumkani wayesoloko eziva esongelwa ngabantwana bakhe. Ngokuqulunqwa kweenqwelo zezixhobo zokugqithisa izibhamu iT Tower yaphela ukuba ithathwa njengendawo ephephile kwaye yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengentolongo yamagosa aphakamileyo. Yibamba abaviwa abangafunekiyo etroneni, abachasene nemvelaphi yobukhulu kunye nabafazi bama-infidel. Ngoko ke, kungekudala iNqabayo yabonakala enye igama-i-Bloody Tower eLondon.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-White Tower

I-Donjon Tower yakhiwa kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo emva kweendonga ezikhuselayo. Umbhalo wesandla saseRochester (ikhulu le-12) ukhankanya ukuba umsebenzi wawukhokelwa nguBhishophu Gandalf. Inqaba emhlophe yagqitywa ngo-1090 kwaye kwakulo xesha isakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke eLondon. Kwidunge elibanzi nelityebileyo, intsapho yasebukhosini yahlala . Kodwa kakade ngo-1100 kwindlu yangaphantsi yafakwa entolongweni iRamulf Flambard, iBhishophu yaseDurham. Igama layo - "i-White Tower" - isigodlo esitholwe phantsi kweNkosi u-Henry III (isiqingatha sokuqala sekhulu le-13). Lo mlawuli wandisa kwaye womeleza iNqaba. Walaya waza wahlamba i-Great Tower ngo-plaster, ngokwemodeli yaseYurophu. UKumkani uHerry wayilungiselela ikhaya lakhe, ekwenzeni ingaphakathi kunye nezifanekiso kunye nemifanekiso.

Kodwa sele sele sele inkulungwane ezayo iNqabayokulongo yaseNtshonalanga iyasetyenziswa njengendawo yokuvalelwa entolongweni. Ngaphantsi kuka-Edward III (1360), nango nguKumkani waseFransi uJohn II Good, ngo-1399-ummangaleli wesihlalo sobukhosi saseNgesi uRichard II. Kuqulethwe apha kunye nabasetyhini - u-Anna Boleyn noCatherine Howard, abafazi besibini nabesihlanu ka-Henry VIII. Ngoko i-donjon yangaphambili yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Bloody Tower eLondon.

Iinqaba zeNqaba

I-Royal Palace yayikhuselekile ngeendonga ezineendonga zokuzikhusela. Bonke babenegama: uMartin, uLanthorn, Flint, Devereux, Beuchamp, Ityuwa, iGadini. Owekugqibela wayekhonza njengendawo yokuhlala yomlawuli wenqaba kunye nosapho lwakhe. Wayebizwa ngegama lakhe ngenxa yokuba washiya udonga lwangaphandle lweLieutenant Garden. Kamva, umlawuli wakha indlu ngaphakathi kwiinqaba. Kwaye i-Garden Tower yaqala ukukhonza njengentolongo kubaphathi. Lapha wayehlala ejele eJaji uGeffrey, uWilhelm Laud, uTomas Cranmer kunye namanye amagosa. Emva kokufa okungaqondakali kwamanye amabini amancinci egazi lasebukhosini ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesihlanu, indlu yangaphambili yomlawuli yaqanjwa nangokuthiwa yi "Bloody Tower". Kwakukholelwa ukuba igumbi elihle, elinobuhle kwaye elincomekayo kwisigaba sokuqala sale sakhiwo yindawo yokuhlala yokugqibela yabafana. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngokwenene?

I-Tower Blood Tower eLondon: Imbali

Isakhiwo esizikhuselayo sakhiwe emva kwexesha elide kunesigxina esisigxina, kuphela ngo-1220. Umbhoshongo wentsima uhlala kwiibhanki zeThames. Xa iNqabayo yajikeleza enye iindonga zeendonga, yayiyindawo yokungena kwidolophu. Kamva, inqaba yeSt. Thomas yakhiwa ngesango elitsha. Ekuqaleni, indlu yomlawuli yayineendwendwe ezijikelezayo ezindongeni. Amasango ayexhotywe ngamacala amabini aphantsi. Inqaba yamanzi eLondon yayivuselelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngoku isango liqhutywe ngumqhubi ofakwe kwinqanaba lomgangatho wesibini . Isiseko se -intonga sibonisa ukuba intsapho ehlala kakuhle ihlala apha. Kukho indawo yokucima umlilo, kwaye umgangatho uphelelwe kakuhle. Ingcamango yokuba kukho amabanjwa kule gumbi iphikisana neefestile ezinkulu.

I-Bloody Tower eLondon: umxholo

Ngexesha lokutyelela abatyeleli be-Tower baya kufunda ukuba le ndawo kwinqanaba leengqabaya libizwa ngokuba yiNtloko yeeNtloko. Bayihlobo luni lwabantwana kunye nantoni yabo? U-King Edward V oneminyaka elineshumi elinesibini kunye nomntakwabo uRichard, iDuke waseYork, babonwa ngokugqibela ehlobo le-1483. NgoJuni, balala ngaphandle kokulandelwa. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini malunga nokufa kwazo. Omnye uthi iinkosana zabiwe zaza zabulawa ngo-Richard III. Ngolunye uhlangothi, umthengi wolwaphulo-mthetho nguHenry Tudor (uzayo uHenry VII). Xa ngo-1600 uKumkani uYakobi watyelela iNqaba, waxelelwa ibali lokubulawa kwabaphathi ababini. Ngokuqinisekileyo inkwenkwe endala yayigwetshwe ngendoda, kwaye umncinci wayegubungele ngomqulo. Ngokomlando, indawo yecala lokubulala igazi laliyiJardin (Bloody) Tower eLondon.

Indawo yangempela yokufa kweenkosana

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe, iNqabayo kwakhona yaqala ukuvuselela. Ngo-1674 kwagqitywa isigqibo sokudiliza umgangatho wesithathu we-White Tower okwakhiwa ngawo-1490. Ngomhla ka-Juni 17, xa iqhekeza laphukile, abasebenzi bafumana phantsi kwakhe iigulane zabantwana ababini, bembethe i-velvet fabric. Ngokukhawuleza kwagqitywa ukuba ezi ziingcambu zika-Edward Fifth kunye nomntakwabo uRichard. Amakhosana angcwatyelwa ngokuhlonipha eWestminster Abbey (isixeko saseLondon). Ngaloo ndlela, akungabazeki ukuba abantwana babanjwe kwaye kwithuba elithile bagcinwa kwi-White Tower. Emva kokubulala, imizimba yabo yayifihliwe phantsi kwezitepsi ezikhokelela kumgangatho ophezulu. Ngako oko, yiNqaba yoMbhobho oyiNqabayolo enesizathu sokuthwala igama elithi "Inqaba Yegazi eLondon". Imbali ibonisa ukuba indlu yomlawuli nayo yakhonza njengentolongo. Intolongo yokugqibela kuyo yayinguSir Walter Raleigh, eboshwe eNkundleni ngenxa yelenqe lokumkani uMichael Jacob.

Yintoni ongayibona kumyuziyam?

Ukufika kwisixeko saseLondon ubuncinane ngosuku, kufuneka utyelele iNqabayo. Kwi-White Tower uza kubona i-treasury ne-armory. Kwintlanganiso yeSt. UJohn (umzekelo oqhelekileyo wokwakha izakhiwo zikaNorman), amabanjwa amaninzi ayethandaza ngaphambi kokuba enyukele kwi-scaffold. Ngasenyakatho kwidungela kukho isikhala sekhumbuzo endaweni yaso yokubulawa . Kwiindonga zamagumbi unokwazi ukufunda imibhalo ebanjwe ngamabanjwa. INqabayoza isebenza njengemyuziyam ukusuka ngo-9 ukuya ku-5.30 ehlobo kwaye kube ngu-4.30 ebusika.