Indlela yokwenza track eziphathekayo kweli lizwe ngezandla zabo?

Kuyilo landscape mhlawumbi element ebaleni kakhulu ezisebenzayo nebonakalayo abantu abadlulayo. Yenza track eziphathekayo kweli lizwe ngezandla zabo kakhulu kunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kokubhenela Kunceda mveliso ezininzi zibanga imveliso ezinjalo. Ubunzima ingqokelela iya kuxhomekeka iimpawu kunye neempawu ze izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, uhlobo lengoma sibekiwe, iimpawu ubume bomhlaba kwisiza. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba kwacaba indlela lwenziwa ayisebenzi nje kuphela, kodwa injongo zokuhombisa, wanika ummandla kwisiza imbonakalo yayigcwele yi Isivatho yayo wavunyelwa ukuba bahambe ngaphandle umngcipheko ukuwa mdaka na imozulu.

Kweli nqaku siza kujonga ukwenza indlela lwengoma eziphathekayo kweli lizwe ngezandla zabo, iinketho zabo ukuvelisa neempawu umsebenzi.

Qulunqa isicwangciso

Eli nqanaba ibaluleke kakhulu komsebenzi, nguwuphi na, awukho. Phambi ngokubeka lwengoma eziphathekayo kweli lizwe, kufuneka iqulunqe, apho nendlela ziqhutywa. Kweli nqanaba, kufuneka ukufunda iimpawu yomhlaba zendalo, indlela iyonke kuyilo igadi kunye neemfuno zakho intshukumo lula yaye kufanelekile ngalo site. ucwangciso Good kwesi sigaba ngokupheleleyo ukufumana imiyalelo, ukuphuhlisa ifomu uze ukhethe ububanzi ezifunwayo kunye namandla yemizila daka.

izixhobo ezifunekayo

Phambi kokuqala ukwakha umkhondo eziphathekayo kweli lizwe ngezandla zabo, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela izixhobo lo msebenzi: inkonkxa okanye nalowa wokuxuba ikhonkrithi ukuba axube izinto, iiphegi, intambo, Umhlakulo, inqanaba, iteyiphu, yerabha ngesando kunye nenani ngamaplanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela umbandela ngokwayo ziquka isakhiwo esisiseko ukutyabeka, nangenxa yokulungiselela amacandelo eziphathekayo: isamente, isanti, uhlalutye amaqhezu ezahlukeneyo, amanzi. Musa ukuba kuhambe ukulungiselela zombala for umbala eziphathekayo.

Embodiments zezinto ezisetyenziswayo

Uqweqwe concrete umkhondo kweli lizwe? Le eziphathekayo zikhethwe ngekhonkrithi kakhulu, ilitye ngokwendalo okanye, izitena, iipleyiti ngomthi okanye izilayi imithi, ukupheyiva iithayile. Ngokuba izinto ezininzi ngqo ziquka, umzekelo, iibhotile zeglasi, iminqwazi zeplastiki kunye nangaphezulu - kuxhomekeke engqondo, amathuba akho ukufunyanwa nobugcisa ingqondo. uhlobo ngalunye lwezinto uneempawu zawo echaphazela kubuxhakaxhaka bokuvelisa. Nanini na kunokwenzeka, siza kuqwalasela izinto ezisisiseko kunye neempawu zazo okusegazini.

Eyona engundoqo izigaba umsebenzi

Ukuze kube nokwakhiwa ingoma eziphathekayo kweli lizwe ngezandla zabo, simele maziye manqanaba alandelayo:

• ukukhetha loyilo ulandelele izinto;
• ukumakisha isabelo;
• Umhlaba umphezulu lekhefu kwi ububanzi umkhondo;
• Ukulungiswa kwisiseko umkhondo;
• nokulungiswa formwork kunye wezifundo;
• Zalisa lwengoma;
• ukugudisa kunye umphezulu umhombiso;
• temporizing lukhuni eziphathekayo;
• Ukugqitywa kwingoma.

Ukhetho loyilo eziphathekayo

Phambi yokucombulula le ngxaki, ukuze ngendlela track eziphathekayo kweli lizwe ngezandla zabo, akayi kuba akufuneki ifoto iimveliso ezifana ukubona, umzekelo, kweli nqaku. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhethe uyilo yemizila kwimifanekiso okanye Enza yakho. Akunjalo zonke yemizila kufuneka ibe ububanzi efanayo kunye noyilo. Okokuqala, kufuneka imisele ukuba yeyiphi kuzo ziya kusetyenziswa kakhulu qho kwaye ngokunzima, umzekelo, umthwalo ezahlukeneyo isiphekepheke ngelori. Kufuneka ibe banzi kwaye langabom kunye ukutyabeka kakhulu olomeleleyo elide. Iingoma jikelele kufuneka sibe banzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba kwamandla nobungozi utyani ukuhamba kwisiza. Amava abonisa ukuba ububanzi ezaneleyo kwindawo igadi 80 cm.

izahlulelo ingxenye

Kuba ngqo layout track ilula - ngoncedo nezikhonkwane shinyi, amacandelo kunye nentambo. Kuba imizila Iifom siya kufuna iiphegi ezininzi amalungiselelo kumgama elifutshane.

earthwork

Ukwakhiwa lengoma eziphathekayo kweli lizwe ayikho ngaphandle ekulungiseleleni umhlaba, ezibandakanya ukususwa umhlaba kunye lonke ubude kwingoma. Ubunzulu umaleko womhlaba ezisusiweyo ixhomekeke nokubunjwa kwayo. Ukuba ezinamatye okanye oyisanti, kwanele ukuba ukususa-20 cm, ukuba udongwe, ukususwa liya kuba ngama-30 cm yomhlaba. Emazantsi onesiphumo ngasemijelweni yamanzi kufuneka agcwalise izinto, nto leyo zingasetyenziswa njenge umaleko zegrabile iqhezu yokuqala erhabaxa, ngoko - i ezincinane, yaye ekugqibeleni, umaleko kwentlabathi. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukufuma iqhubeka emgaqweni yaye ecaleni kwakhe.

nokulungiswa formwork

Ukuze wenze umkhondo eziphathekayo kweli lizwe ngezandla zabo phezu emacaleni formwork kufuneka abekwe. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ibhodi nobubanzi hayi ngaphantsi kwe ubunzulu umaleko eziphathekayo wawagalela kunye ubukhulu ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-15 mm. Kuyimfuneko ukuba iibhodi cut eliphezulu Ubuthelezi ukwenzela ukulungelelanisa kwaso wawagalela umaleko eziphathekayo.

Formwork ezifakwe kwinqanaba ukuba kwingoma wawuthe tyaba. Kodwa kufuneka senze kwithambeka okuncinane (1-2 degrees) ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye kwingoma for self-kususwa emvula. Ukwandisa amandla noshowo kufuneka iqwalaselwe ukuba xa amaqondo obushushu bomhlaba kunye nomoya eziphathekayo, kwakunye naziphi na ezinye izinto eguqula imilinganiso yalo yomgama. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba bazalise lwengoma ayikho iribhoni oqhubekayo ngekhonkrithi, ulwahlule ngokufaka ngokusebenzisa iphedi yeemitha 1-2 ezinqamlezayo abasuke Ebubanzini 1-2 cm. Ukwenzela ukuba kulungiselelwe kususwe elandelayo kuzo kufuneka isale ioli inkunkuma. iibhodi shuttering Side semali kunye esebenzisa imicu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba xa priming ukuba ukuphazamisa ukuthembeka istili.

ukuqinisa

Phambi kokuba ugalele kwingoma eziphathekayo kweli lizwe, kungakuhle ukuba baphumeze nokuqiniswa. Kuba oku silingane igridi obandayo okanye amacandelo nje unyanzeliso, zibekwe phezu uzilungiselele ababetheki 10-20 cm kokubini kunye nakuyo yonke kwingoma. Kunqweneleka ukuba ivelufa ingadibene emazantsi kwisiseko uzilungiselele. Ukuze wenze oku, phantsi kwalo Somrhaqa, umzekelo, isivalo yeebhotile, amaqhekeza tile okanye izitena.

ukugcwalisa

Okulandelayo, ngodaka eziphathekayo yogcino- brand isamente ubuncinane M400, isanti (ekukhethwa ukuba ahlambe, umlambo) kunye uhlalutye (inyengane kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ukuphucula amandla ukutyabeka) xa om-1: 1.5: 2.

amanzi Ukuxuba idityaniswe Ebubanzini cream okanye zamafu. Isisombululo kangako ulwelo, ngokuqina umendo efunyenweyo, kodwa ke ifuna umgudu ngaphezulu okanye ezizodwa eshukuma ngenxa tamping umaleko eziphathekayo. Kwelinye icala, isicombululo ilulwelo lula ngakumbi ukuba ukusebenza kunye mcaba ngayo. Ngoko ke, lexinene pick yakho.

Kubalulekile ukuba kukhunjulwe ukuba isisombululo uzilungiselele kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba seyure emva ukuxuba. Ukongeza amanzi ubunzima kuphekwe abancedisi akunconywa, kuba kuguga kakhulu amandla ukutyabeka.

Ukuze ukulandelela zange ajike engwevu elidala, wenze ngazo. Oku kunokwenziwa sele ugqibile daka, kodwa loo ukutyabeka zezokwexeshana. Lilungile ukongeza idayi mbala ngexesha ukuxuba eziphathekayo. Emva koko ujikele enemibala umaleko yakhe yonke. Noko ke, kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa mbala lingaphezulu, kodwa isiphumo eliphuma ixabisa ngayo. Kuba umbala, ungakhetha nawuphi na umbala, kodwa ngenxa iyelenqe igadi zifanele nabaseAsia ngcono, asa, Imibala kunye imbola.

Ilungelelanise maleko ikhonkrithi kuthwalwa umaleko rule formwork eliphezulu. Ukuba umphezulu lowo arhabaxa nje bafaniswe, uyakwazi ukubeka kuyo ukuzoba. Amaxesha amaninzi, oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa itemplate kokuwanika ezizodwa (ebizwa ngokuba lubuyisela eprintiweyo). kubhalisa kungenziwa iiyure ezimbalwa okanye ngemini elandelayo, xa eziphathekayo a bayobamba kancinane, kodwa hayi lukhuni ngokupheleleyo. Phambi ukwenza i operation eso isicelo phezu komhlaba fixer umkhondo ukulungiswa. Kuyanceda ukunika emva izithombe kumphezulu ngokuphawulekayo texture entle simulating ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo (ukupheyiva kwezitena, ilitye, kwaye ngomthi ukutyibilika al.). Pattern isicelo nomphezulu indlela eziphathekayo, kuxhomekeke kuphela kwingcinga yakho.

Ukukhusela ipeyinti ukuguda noburhabaxa of ngekhonkrithi eshicilelweyo nxamnye mechanical kwaye imo yezulu kumphezulu camera ukumitha yayo acrylic. Emva kweentsuku omnye okanye emibini, isuswe ngenyameko ufakelo tape ezinqamlezayo injalo.

lukhuni elinde

Emva bathele concrete komhlaba baya yayo wambu izisongeli zeplastiki kangangokuba ngcembe bhuxe. On iintsuku zasehlotyeni ezishushu, kungakuhle ukuba ngamaxesha athile imanzi, ofefa ngamanzi. ukulungela lokugqibela bungabonakala umbala eziphathekayo. Ukuba nangoku imanzi, oko limenyezelayo kwaye kumnyama. Sebenzisa iindlela kunokwenzeka kuphela emva wokwaphusa epheleleyo (iintsuku 5-6 emva bathele).

Ukugqitywa Track

Kweli nqanaba, i formwork isusiwe. ezivuzayo Eminye ezinqamlezayo zigcwaliswe ngesanti okanye umhlaba, umhlaba zalungisa emiphethweni komkhondo.

Okunye yokwahluka daka

- Ithayile lane. A feature inkangeleko yayo mnandi, ukukwazi ukumelana kumgama othile phakathi izitena ukuzalisa umbala intlabathi, isamente-isanti ngodaka okanye emhlabeni ukuze intshule yengca. Izitena ilele phezu kwesi umaleko yesisombululo ukuze kumphezulu yabo 10-15 mm ngaphezu umhlaba ezisingqongileyo, enika kwithambeka encinane ukusuka kwiziko ukuya emiphethweni komkhondo. Amanzi avela imvula iya kuhlala phezu kwingoma. Ukulungiswa isiseko ayikho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwimeko ochazwe ngaphambili ngaphandle ukuba ubunzulu isiseko kufuneka ilingane Ebubanzini wezitena ezisetyenzisiweyo.

izitena Vykladyvanii zikwinqanaba sokuhlanganisa izando nezixholo, nzulu izitena ngokucofa kulo, ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukuba izitena kufuneka kuvuswa, ngoko ke kuthathwa, ibekwe phantsi kwawo kancinci yesisombululo ufake umva. Endaweni yoko, isicombululo iluncedo ukuba usebenzise umxube isamente-isanti eyomileyo. Emva ukubeka kwingoma onyakanyiswa yimvula, yaye oku umxube ngcembe ubeka kwaye lukhuni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba usebenzise umkhondo de Ukuqinisa sokugqibela isisombululo okanye umxube apho izitena wabeka.

Kuba amandla ukutyabeka akuxhomekekanga wayefuna ukusebenzisa isitena aqhelekileyo kunye clinker (yokukwazi) efunyenwe zokudubula i obushushu eyandileyo amabakala akhethekileyo zodaka. izitena Silicate emhlophe afanelekileyo eemviwo zangaphakathi okanye udonga, kunye ebomvu ebegqwese kutshatyalaliswa imvula. Kunye kungqameko kwingoma, kungakuhle ukuseka ecaleni. Kungenjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, uyilo uqalisa lutshabalale, ekubeni izitena ezinzima.

- I Umendo ukupheyiva nemàbhula. Amalungiselelo akukho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka izitena. Le ngaphandle kukukwazi ukusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo ithayile (ifumaneka ngokorhwebo), iimilo nemibala. Eyona special kukuba awukwazi ukusebenzisa tile wangaphakathi - oko mifutshane, batshatyalaliswa isimo sezulu esibi ngexeshana elifutshane. Ububanzi tile ukupheyiva kufuneka ubuncinane 6 cm. Nesimbo osemqoka ukuba iithayile zikhethwa imilo kunye nombala, ekubeni iziko umkhondo ukuya emiphethweni. Kungqameko ukunwenwa kule yokugqibela, njengoko zisoloko zifuna iithayile eziphathwa ngokungqinelana uqwalaselo kwemida lweengoma. Cutting zingasetyenziswa grinder ekugawuleni akwazi eziphathekayo. Ukuphumeza isithuba eside elide enjalo ezinqwenelekayo ukuseta esikuthintela umkhondo kakuhle.

- I imikhondo i kusikwa phantsi komthi. Yokuba mhlawumbi kakhulu ekwenziweni mali kunye nomtsalane kakhulu. Ukudlulisela amandla izinto ezifunekayo wokwenziwa bebona ukugawula imithi ezindala ngobubanzi ezahlukeneyo 10-15 cm zamafu. Kufuneka ukuba aphathwe ukuthintela iinkqubo ezibolayo. Kuba oku yabona bahlabeka owandulela kakubi, umzekelo, ioli linseed okanye isisombululo of sulfate sobhedu kwaye zonekwe. Ukuba yinxalenye yesihloko eso basinqumla isarha, nto leyo eya kuba ngaphakathi isiseko umkhondo, kwenziwa ziphatha ebhaptiza ngetha otyhidiweyo.

Ngokungafaniyo iteknoloji ngaphambili iboniswe ekulungiseleleni isiseko enzulu ngokungqinelana spilite zamafu. Zingakotshwa ibekwe ngqo ebhedini isanti, kodwa kungcono - in nodaka nesamente-isanti, ukutyhala ukuba kubunzulu yebhitumene ngayo. Izikhewu phakathi ngokwezahlulo lithe tso spilite kuzaliswa kamva isanti, ilitye nakhandiweyo okanye luhlalu melim. Unako kwakhona bazizalisa kunye lomhlaba ningahlwayeli ingca iiloni. Umphezulu ongaphandle imidlalo ezinqwenelekayo sanded zagutyungelwa ngokwemaleko eziliqela ivanishi ukusetyenziswa yangaphandle. Bekuya kuba ngcono zibonwa iinkuni texture.

Ukulungisa track eziphathekayo kweli lizwe ngezandla zabo

Ngokuhamba kwexesha phantsi kwempembelelo lengoma mechanical kwaye imo yezulu ziphelelwa. Oku ngaphezulu okanye ziqhelekile naziphi na izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngaphantsi, ngakumbi xa inkqubo yokuvelisa ayikho alondolozwa. Kubalulekile ukuyilungisa kubo, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba yenguqu epheleleyo kwimeko emaxongo kakhulu. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa mnye izinto ezibe zathathwa ilungiselelo lwawo. ezonakeleyo wachithwa kwafakwa lele efanayo. Ngako oko kunilungele emendweni okutsha ukufotokopa kwangaphambili isixa ngezixhobo ukutyabeka ukuba lifake nokulungiswa ngexesha epheleleyo.

isiphelo

Siye sajonga ukuba ukwenza njani umkhondo eziphathekayo kweli lizwe ngezandla zabo. Siyathemba ukuba le ncwadi zingasentla kuzaku kunceda ekuphumezeni kunikwe kwakhona indawo zokuyila izicwangciso.