Indlela yokusinda kwingozi moya? Abasindileyo emoyeni yemoto

Inani elikhulu labantu ayoyika ukubhabha, besoyika ukufa. Bafunda ukuba ukuphila ngendlela kwingozi moya, esazi ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba lincinane kakhulu kwimeko enjalo. Nangona ithuba ukufumana kwingozi yemoto kakhulu ephezulu oyikisayo ubude azilutho. Nangona kunjalo, impendulo yombuzo ukuba abantu asinda kwingozi moya - ewe. Kwaye oku kuyakhuthaza. Ngaphezu koko, abanye babo ikwazile ukusinda kwindawo apho wonke umntu wafela enye. Nawokugqibela, kodwa okungakuncinananga oko kwenzeke ngenxa yokuba izenzo zabo nengqiqo.

Ubangelwa iingozi lomoya

Ithuba lokuba afe ngethuba yeflaythi kakhulu amathuba ukuze aphumelele ilotto. Noko ke, amaxesha amaninzi ngonyaka kuthi yintlekele, esithi ubomi amakhulu abantu ngelo xesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kuyoyikisa, nokuba kunjalo abasindileyo kule ngozi. Iifoto ukusuka kwindawo yengozi omhle kangangokuba abaninzi kamva bayala ukubhabha xa kukho ezinye izinto ongazikhetha. Kodwa ke xa ucinga ngayo, yonke indiza - enye iindlela ezikhuselekileyo zezithuthi. Ewe, njengoko kuyo nayiphi na enye imeko, kukho ingozi. Eneneni, izizathu zokuba into ungahamba engalunganga, hayi kakhulu.

Okokuqala, kube yinto yabantu. Oku kubangelwa nokusilela nezixhobo ngaphandle inxaxheba yabantu - ityala esinqabileyo. Zonke iinkqubo zokhuseleko ziyaphindwa kwaye zihlolwe ngaphambi kokunduluka, ngoxa izakhono zabantu, kuquka ixesha reaction, ingqalelo, isantya kunye nomgangatho kwezigqibo abafezekanga. Ngowe-70% amatyala, xa kukho iziganeko ezithile njengamaxhoba, kwaye ngaphandle kwazo, sithetha ukuba abantu benze into engalunganga.

I-30% ye ityala iintsilelo zobugcisa ezinganxulumananga impazamo abantu, ngokunjalo ngoonobangela ezintsonkothileyo. In kuhlobo olufanayo ngokuqhelekileyo ezinxulumene ngesiganeko, kwaye igcina ingaziwa.

yoyilo Aircraft njalo ukuba ngcono, iinjineli, zombane kunye nezinye iingcali zisebenza zokunciphisa inxaxheba kwabantu ibhabha. I Interstate IKomiti Aviation, oorhulumente, abenzi-moya - ekuphandeni oonobangela ngesiganeko nganye benomdla eziliqela amaqela; ngokuba inikwe ingqalelo kakhulu. Yaye ekubeni amaxhoba akunakufane bonke abakhweli ngaphandle kokukhetha, emabalini zabo, kucacile ukuba basinde kwingozi moya. Enyanisweni, kusenokwenzeka, enoba loo ngozi yenzeke a babengabafo abade. Kwaye ke kwakukho abantu, abasindileyo sokonakala moya okwenzekileyo emhlabeni. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba asindiswe?

Le inkulu indiza

Intlekele ezimbi kakhulu, nto leyo ababandakanyekayo moya, ingqalelo umthetho wogrogriso ukuba senzeka ngoSeptemba 11, 2001. Ngaloo mini, yaza yabulala abantu abamalunga nama-3000. Noko ke, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, ezi ntlekele bengenakufumana kwinkcazelo lweengozi eyama, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ubuntshatsheli ayide emva kwabo.

• Eyona ezininzi kakhulu malunga inani lamaxhoba nangoku ingqalelo yintlekele kwisiqithi saseTenerife, owenzeka ngoMatshi 1977, xa moya ingozi moya ezimbini. Wabulala abantu abamalunga nama-600. Amabali abasindileyo mathe yokuwa emphefumlweni - inani amaxhoba abakhweli 12 ingqondo ingqongwe.
• Ngowe-1985, ihlabathi yahlaselwa yingozi enkulu yaseJapan. Lo moya okulawula, nto leyo ikhokelele 520 amaxhoba.
• Enye komdlalo wabo, kodwa eli xesha emoyeni, lwaqhutywa ngoNovemba 1996 e-India. Phantse 350 kwabafileyo.
• NgoMatshi 1974, ngenxa decompression umonakalo, kufuphi eParis, lo moya intlitheke Airlines Turkish. Amaxhoba ngabantu 346.
• Uhlaselo, owenzeka ngoJuni 1985, 70 yeekhilomitha ukusuka Cork Irish wabulala airliner nabantu 329 ababekhwele kuyo.
• Ngo-Agasti 1980, ngenxa yokuba umlilo ibhodi kummandla yaseRiyadh baba ngamaxhoba kwabantu 301.

30 100 likhulu kwimbali iingozi Aviation kuphela kwenzeka kwinkulungwane xxi. Ngaba abantu asinda kule ngozi? Kakade ke, nakuba ngamnye. Kakade ke, emva kokuba onke, nkqu ingozi kakhulu ezingephi, waqhuba uphando olunzulu, iziphumo apho izigqibo zingenziwa sekomelezeni amanyathelo okhuseleko xa moya, ukuphucula ukusebenza abalathisi benqwelo-moya kunye nezinye iinkonzo emhlabeni, kwakunye kuyilo moya kunye nokuqaliswa kweenkqubo ezintsha zolawulo. Ngoko ke ngonyaka ngamnye ithuba ukuze asinde ingozi, ukuba oko kuyenzeka, iba ngaphezulu. Yaye ithuba livela - yonke ngezantsi.

Ngaba ukusinda ungqubano?

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo. Lisendaweni meters 10,000 kubanda kakhulu, ioksijini phantsi, kwaye ukugaleleka akunakwenzeka ukuba athambe. Noko ke, inyaniso, kwakunye namabali kwabasindileyo kwengozi yenqwelo-moya, esithi ukuba kunokwenzeka isiphumo uphumelele, phantse lonke.

Kwicandelo odlulileyo amaxhoba kakhulu amaninzi yengozi thina, kodwa kukho iziganeko ezininzi apho inani lamaxhoba ibe ncinci okanye ilingana zero. Kakade ke, kuqala kuxhomekeke izenzo abaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi ngokubanzi, kodwa ke abakhweli ngokwabo, ukuba adale uvalo ukuba sihlale sizolile kwiimeko ukugxeka abanye basindiswe.

Ngoko ke, ngaba ukuphila njani kwingozi moya? imiyalelo ehlanganisiwe ekubeni sisebenze ngayo, ayikho, kodwa uyazi nje kwaye ulandele ezinye iingcebiso kwinqanaba neemali yokuhlala ehostele. Kaloku, ukuba kukho imeko kaxakeka zavela, ngoko, mhlawumbi, kwimeko wangena nethuku, nangona ke kungcono ukuba intloko epholileyo.

Indawo ephephile kule ndlwana

Kukholelwa ukuba kwezinye iindawo moya ngethuba moya zihamba kakuhle kakhulu ukusinda kunabanye (ngamaxesha angxamisekileyo). Ngokubanzi, oku kuyinyaniso. Izifundo zisekelwe iingozi eziye zenzeka kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo ukuqinisekisa oku, kwakunye abasindileyo sokonakala moya. Iifoto iinqanawa kutshatyalaliswa kukhokelela kwezinye iingcinga. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Okokuqala, ukusondela ngomnyango, ngcono - oku kunjalo. Kufuphi likaxakeka okanye rhoqo iingcango ungagcina ubomi kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa ke kuphela ukuba ngaba siwele ukuphakuzela uze wenze yonke into elungileyo. Uluvo apha kukuba ukuvulwa yonxunguphalo lukhupha - abasebenzi lomsebenzi, kodwa unako ukwenza kunye umkhweli, xa kukho imfuneko.

Okwesibini, Ezomva inxalenye moya idla ekhuselekileyo ngaphezu ngaphambili. Xa intloko-on kwezigaba, moya excursion, imililo njalo njalo. D. Ingaba idla ngowokuqala ukubandezeleka endlwaneni-moya kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Ukuba inqanawa ulahlekelwa ulawulo, nomsila kunye ukugaleleka emva isaphetha. Ngenxa yoko, kwezinye iimeko, akunguye izihlalo ingenankathazo unako ukusindisa ubomi - ithuba apha, ngaphezulu okanye ngempumelelo ngaphantsi kugqitywe ukubhabha efikelela 66%. Amabali abasindileyo kule ngozi badla ukuqinisekisa oku, kodwa caveat nye - kufuneka baziphathe.

Procedure isenzo

Abasindileyo ekukhubazekeni moya eRashiya okanye kwamanye amazwe, mandivunyelwe ndithethe kuni ngokuphandle malunga ezinye bokuqonda ukuba sele kwazeka kuwo onke amaYuda, kodwa ngandlel 'ukulibala njalo. Kufuneka ube kwakhona ungaziphindi.

Okokuqala, ungenza uqale yasekhaya - unxibe impahla ekhululekile-moya, a yi ukuthintela intshukumo, nayo esandleni imithwalo into yafudumala. Kuqala kufuneka inikwe umqhaphu noboya, ekubeni kubi off. Kwakhona sinikele ingqalelo isihlangu intuthuzelo.

Okwesibini, kufuneka uphulaphule abasebenzi ngethuba abagqabantshintshi. Ewe, kunjalo, abo luyatshwebeleza izihlandlo eziliqela ngonyaka, le migaqo babonakala nokuchitha ecacileyo ngaphandle phindo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ubuncinane kanye ukuba bacinga ukuba le miyalelo, ukuze abe luncedo. Kwanabo baye beva ziphinda-phindwe, ngomzuzu ukugxeka kunokubabhida ukuphakuzela kunokuba ukuba baziphathe kakuhle, lo gama abasebenzi bafumana uqeqesho rhoqo. Amabali abasinde sokonakala moya lubonisa ukuba ukuphulaphula abalindi yeflaythi ibalulekile.

Okwesithathu, ehleli endaweni yakhe, kuyimfuneko ukuba benze izinto ezimbini: musa ukubeka kwi gumbi eliphezulu asengxoweni enzima, ubale zezihlalo phakathi imveliso kunye namanye, kwaye khumbula elo nani. Phantsi umsi ukubonakala kwi zero, yaye olu lwazi unako ukusindisa ubomi.

Okwesine, kamsinya nje iqela wafika yanxitywa emibhinqweni yenu isihlalo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza njalo. Naxa isiboniso sivala, kungcono ukuba abasalise kwindawo enye. Nokuba airliner kungena endaweni ka sophazamiseko, oko kungafanelekanga esichengeni impilo yakho - header ayonto mnandi ukuba ahambe moya.

Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi wenze, ehleli nje endaweni yayo airliner mihla. Kaloku, ukuba iya kuba malunga kusinda njani kwingozi moya, kufuneka ingqalelo imeko ngamnye, nangona zininzi izinto esifana. Kakade ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuba ngeso senzo, ukuba ingozi kuza ngesiquphe - kuqhuma, yokungqubana, njl Kodwa ukuba kukho ithuba, kubalulekile ukuba bayisebenzise 100 ekhulwini ...

Ukungaphumeleli kolawulo kunye kwendiza nzima

Ucazululo iinkqubo zekhompyutha nezinye izixhobo - ityala esinqabileyo. Yaye ukuba nje ingxaki encinane kusengenzeka yaye nokuba kunivuza abakhweli, iingxaki ezininzi kakhulu badla kukhokelela ebikhona kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya esikufutshane. Oku, nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba yonke into ukuze - kwimeko breakdowns wonke umntu phezu ebhodini, eli qela kufuneka alandele le miyalelo. Kule meko, kuqala kuxhomekeke nokuba nabani na oya kuba nako nokungoyiki. Kusenokubakho odla engalindelekanga nokuziphatha, ukuphakama ukubhobhoza, ngokubanzi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyenze - yanxitywa kwaye nsinya bhanti, susa intamo nezikhafu, amaqhina, amatyathanga, njl, cinga kwakhona indlela ukuya yokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka, kanti .. hlala uzolile.

Ukuba kulindeleke ukuba ukugaleleka iya kuba nzima, kubalulekile ukukhumbula indawo ekhethekileyo iza kukhusela intloko nomzimba ukulimala ezingeyomfuneko. Usihlalo kufuneka ibe kwindawo tye, umkhweli ihleli kakubi nezandla zayo ngasemva ngaphambili kwaye ubeka intloko yakhe phezu kwabo. Enye indlela - kufuneka sigobe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuwolana ngokwakhe esinqeni intloko yakhe ebambe ngamadolo akhe. Yile lwazi agcinwa umDatshi oneminyaka eli-9 ubudala, xa lihlala e Tripoli, ngokubulala ngaphezu kwekhulu abantu, kuquka intsapho lo mfana. Xa kucacile ukuba kukho into engalunganga, nokuba yinto ummandla kuphela lokungazinzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuzo epokothweni naziphi na izinto ezibukhali elisesandleni, angafayo ukwenzakala.

decompression

Depressurization ye ndlwana - hayi rhoqo kakhulu, kodwa ngumkhuba ziyenzeka. Ukuba oku decompression umonakalo, nto leyo ekhokelele moya ngokoqobo iwela ngaphandle, ngoko ke ithuba lokusinda yengozi kuhle. Eyona ngxaki kulo mzekelo - hypoxia. Xa kunjalo, endlwaneni na iimaski ioksijini, apho ibekwe ngaphezu kwentloko umkhweli, siphoswe ngaphandle ngokuzenzekelayo xa kuyimfuneko. Ngokukhawuleza nje wabonakala, ngoko nangoko uwafake ezizibeni, hayi kuphela icinezelwe ngokuchasene ebusweni. Abo ohambisa abantwana, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucinezela neemvakalelo lwabazali nomlondolozi wena kuqala. Ewe, kule meko ke kungcono ukuba ukubonisa embi okunempilo, kuba xa umntu omdala ulahlekelwa ezingqondweni, oko kuya kunceda abantwana kuba akukho mntu. Kwangoko kufuneka azilungiselele ilahleko ngesiquphe yokuphakama - ngokungqinelana nemiyalelo yayo, nabaqhubi ziza kuncitshiswa kangangoko ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ke bona abanye, kwakhona, kufuneka sihlale sizolile kwaye ulandele yonke imiyalelo ukususela ndlwana.

Kulo kwaye kwimeko yangaphambili, kwendiza nzima kuyimfuneko ukuba woyike yomlilo kunye yomsi. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kuqala, kufuneka uye phantsi isezantsi kangangoko kunye nokukhusela inkqubo yokuphefumla, kwaye okwesibini, bayigubungele ngengubo okanye impahla elingqingqwa, ukuze abaleke umlilo evulekileyo, yaye okwesithathu, benza indlela yabo nayiphi yokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka, ukuzama ukunqanda izihlwele kunye umsindo . Amabali abasindileyo kule ngozi, ezindihleleyo e Pago Pago ngo-1974, kulula ukubonisa. 97 abakhweli babe nako ngokukhawuleza uphume inqanawa ukutsha, ezama uzakuwushiya kumnyango wangaphambili, lo gama amaxhoba ezine yezo zinethamsanqa kwafika indawo.

Ziyathathwa-moya

Ngenxa yemigudu onke amazwe yokulwa ubunqolobi le meko kuthiwe amathuba. Kodwa kungcono ukuba wazi ukuba benze ntoni kule meko. Ubukhulu becala, ziphathe kufuneka lube ngokufanayo nayiphi na enye bathinjwa angathatyathwa --moya ayahlukanga ngokuncamisayo. Njengoko naliphi na yokuxakeka ochazwe, kufuneka uzame ukugcina ukuthula kakhulu. Ukuba, ngethuba umntu ukuxhwilwa wenzakala, kufuneka ukumnceda, hayi nokubabonisa ukuba ingozi. Akukho mfuneko ukuba bamqumbise abagrogrisi ukuzithethelela ngokugqithiseleyo, zibangele ingcwangu, ukungxola okanye kumemeza. iintshukumo Akukho ngesiquphe kunye nokumelana, ingakumbi ukuba akukho izakhono eziyimfuneko. Xa nonesi-ukuthatha, uthethathethwano phantse nangoko baqalisa ezijoliswe kokukhululwa kwabo. Ukuba ziyahluleka kwenyeindawo eqalisa ukuhlasela. Yaye nantsi into bakrelekrele onokuyenza - lingahenyuzi emgangathweni, amehlo, iindlebe, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba kude kubaphangi. Abantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukujongana neutralization abagrogrisi ngcono kakhulu kubemi elula, kwaye kwezinye iimeko baye bakwazi ukwenza ubuncinane ngamaxhoba kamva bakwazi sixelele indlela yokusinda kwingozi moya. Ultrasound Scanner, umatshini X-ray, iinkqubo ezizodwa ukunceda ukukhetha abakhweli ingakumbi ibitheni ukuba uphicotho ezikhethekileyo - ubugcisa obutsha sincedisa kulwa ubunqolobi.

splashdown

Ngaphandle yokuba ngaphambili okuthethiweyo kwendiza nzima, kule meko, kufuneka sikhumbule iingubo zangaphantsi ezizodwa agcinwe phantsi kwesitulo nganye. Ngokutsho iqela crew okanye hayi, ukuba kwacaca ukuba ukugaleleka kwenzeka phezu kwamanzi, kufuneka ufumane waza wawubeka phezu. Emva koko, umele ushiye endlwaneni ngokusebenzisa zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka zibekwe phezu kwamaphiko. Akukho mfuneko yokuba ukutsiba, ukuba kugutyulelwe olungxamisekileyo akukho eziku - ukuphakama malunga neemitha ezi-3. Kuyimfuneko ukuba zazise busezandleni ndawo yesilayidi kwi iinyawo zakhe ngesisu kuqala emanzini. Oku kulandelwa ngokulinda uncedo uze uzame ukuhamba. Vest igcina angarhaxwa kodwa emzimbeni akanako, sizani. Ngo-2009, oko sisixhobo wanceda oneminyaka eli-13 ubudala umkhweli le nabancedi ukuba silinde ukufika apho wathabatha iiyure phantse-14.

malunga abasinde

Man - isidalwa yamathuba emangalisayo. Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, abantu abaninzi babonisa ebalulekileyo yamandla, unyamezelo, ubukrelekrele. Umntu nje ngeyona lucky, yaye umntu uya kusindiswa ngenxa yokuba yonke into yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Kukho ndamgocagoca imizekelo embalwa yendlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo, abasindileyo sokonakala moya. Kodwa kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ezimbalwa.

Kunzima ukuba ukukhumbula odumileyo Vesna Vulovic, ngubani na onokumxelela indlela yokusinda kwingozi moya ngokwindla ukusuka ukuphakama kuyimitha 10,000. Wena wayenokuthi waba nethamsanqa, ngexesha le ngozi yena andabikho zingqondweni ngoxa umsila moya, imithi ukuwa amodareyithiweyo kwaye izidumbu abanye abakhweli, kodwa ke ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ukuze phezu kwazo yokulimala kunye nokuvuselelwa ixesha elide, wakwazi ukuba ukubuyela eqhelekileyo ubomi emva kweminyaka 1.5 emva ntlekele. Noko ke, ukukhanyela ukuba ufuna ukuphila kunye nesibindi engenakwenzeka.

Kakade ke, kukho abasindileyo ndiza eRashiya waseUSSR, bezibonisa ukuba zamaqhawe yokwenene. Lo mzekelo - vuyerisa Savickaya ephethe irekhodi Vulovic. Ibali lakhe malunga nendlela abantu basinde kwingozi moya, naye ufanelwe ingqalelo. Ngehlobo lowe-1981 yena kunye nomyeni wakhe nje wabuya iholide yethu, xa airliner abakhweli nemoto-moya yomkhosi. Eli qela Amalungu bafa ngoko nangoko, lo moya atyhoboza, angena alityatye, nengqushu waqalisa bawe phantsi. Okwangoku ingozi vuyerisa ndavuswa PIN kunye nobushushu drop. Kwadlula imizuzu 8 owa kobutyobo, ngelo xesha ke de ifike kwi iBirchwood, athambe emhlabeni. A iiyure ezimbalwa yena wahlala zingqondweni bamvusa, bafumana ecaleni kwesidumbu yendoda. Wafunyanwa kweentsuku ezimbini kamva xa nabancedi akusekho wayethembe ukufumana amaxhoba. Hi ndlela leyi, Ndaqaphela Larissa, ngaxa esithile Sikhumbula film episode "Imimangaliso zisenzeka," apho intombazana ndayihlangula, ebambelele esitulweni, ngaphandle kokuba ngofele kuyo.

Kwenzeka ukuba, esondweni ifilimu wadutyulwa ngembali enye intombazana ngubani na onokumxelela indlela yokusinda kwingozi moya nokufikelela abantu ehlathini. Julian Cap oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala Yaphaphazela nomama wakhe ngeeholide iKrismesi uyise, kodwa ukubaleka ukuba kugqitywa ngokukhuselekileyo. Nge ekuphakameni kweekhilomitha ezili-3-moya intlitheke ehlathini enzulu emva singaweli bakhe umbane etikweni nomlilo. Ngokuba imihla 9 elandelayo, intombazana, ngokusebenzisa ulwazi malunga elinemvula, evela kuyise, ezama ukufikelela ebantwini, waza waphumelela. Nguye ixhoba kuphela.

Ngoko ke, njengokuba kuthiwe, impendulo yombuzo ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba basinde kwingozi moya, yi-HIV. Kukho imizekelo emininzi indlela yokuhlangula ngokungummangaliso, kunye neziphumo ezincumisayo ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo bayazi kakuhle. Ngoko ke musa lokukhathalela imiyalelo ekruqulayo - emva kwabo ubomi bomntu.