Imfundo oluvo - into ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso evumelanayo abantwana

Okwangoku, uqeqesho oluvo abantwana esezantsi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ngandlela zonke ukuphuhlisa nokugcina. Ithuba eliphezulu le minyaka isezantsi. imfundo oluvo kufuneka iqale ukusuka kwinyanga yokuqala yobomi. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba abantwana bafunda ngokukhawuleza kakhulu inkcazelo enikwe kubo, umzekelo, ngaphezu abafana abadala. Ngoko ke, iingcali Sicebisa ziqala ukusebenza nabantwana kwangethuba kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze kwixesha elizayo kube lula kubo ukuqhelana eluntwini. Namhlanje, njengenxalenye yale nqaku siza kukhangela ukuba imfundo oluvo, apho kukho imfuneko, kwakunye ukufumanisa indlela esebenza ngayo.

Kutheni kufuneka bazibandakanye nabantwana abancinane

imfundo oluvo - ngundoqo uphuhliso lweengqondo usana. Esi siseko lwabo luyakuyifuna kwixa elizayo ukuba lithathelwe ekhuselekileyo esikolweni aphakamileyo. Ukuba umntwana akwanelanga uyabubona izinto, ukuze abe ubunzima kunye incwadi kunye nokuphunyezwa amanqaku ezahlukeneyo eklasini yabasebenzi.

Imisebenzi ephambili yophuhliso oluvo lwabantwana kule minyaka uthole zezi:

• ukuyilwa kweemeko ezilungileyo yophuhliso lulonke lo mntwana;
• ukukhuthaza uphuhliso ngokoluvo kunye lengqondo osasazo abantwana ngokusebenzisa ulwazi kwihlabathi imibala ezikhanyayo, kwakunye nenani lezinto ezahlukeneyo;
• Ukukhetha eyiyo imidlalo, ukuzilolonga, ngokuba uphuhliso iyonke engqesho;
• ukubandakanyeka ootata noomama kwinkqubo yophuhliso;
• ukubandakanywa iincwadi ezinemifanekiso;
• ukudalwa isibiyeli oluvo-imoto kuqeqesho qela pre-school;
• ukulungiselela ukufakwa imidlalo zemfundo ngokubanzi.

izigcawu

Uphuhliso umntwana uxhomekeke ngqo kwi esegumbini, apho umntwana ophila ngayo. Umsebenzi oomama nootata kukubonelela indawo elula, ukhululekile nekhuselekileyo endlwini apho umntu omncinane uya bazive bekhuselekile kwaye luza kukhuselwe. Umntwana kufuneka abe kwikona wakho kwelo gumbi, exhobele ngokupheleleyo ngenxa imidlalo yaphandle kunye nolonwabo. Ngoncedo lwabazali kumaziko kokuya esikolweni yabanjwa imisebenzi efana:

• igqityiwe badlale kunye sensor izinto;
• ngokuthenga izixhobo ezongezelelweyo ukulungiselela ukuqhuba ucwaningo ngamanzi nesanti, amatanki iimilo ezahlukeneyo, izinto, izixhobo zokudlulisa ulwelo;
• iibhodi ukufunyanwa, ifaka kunye nezi fom, Iiseti imizimba sibala ngokomthamo, imidlalo zemfundo;
• umculo kwikona kunye zokudlala uphuculo, yenza isandi ezahlukeneyo;
• ukuthenga mqambi iplastiki ekhuselekileyo;
• imveliso ye desktop nemidlalo yayisetyenziselwa.

Apho kuqala uphuhliso oluvo

Ngexesha familiarization abantwana ezahlukeneyo izinto zazisetyenziswa yamaqela kunye ngabanye kubanjwa ulwazi umdlalo ukuya izinto ezingqonge ukuba ukunika amandla okuqhubela isifundo kwehlabathi. Kuba uphuhliso lwezakhono motor oluvo kuyimfuneko ukuba balandele abantwana propati zezinto ngezimanga, ezifana:

• imibala;
• uqwalaselo;
• ubukhulu;
• ubungakanani;
• indawo kokusingqongileyo.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba enze umsebenzi ezijonge ukufundisa abantwana imbono izinto ngokubanzi, le nokwenziwa kwemigangatho yovakalelo, ezifana kwenkqubo imilo zejiyometri, ubungakanani uluhlu, umbala uluhlu, ukuqhelanisa temporal komhlaba, inkqubo phonetic zolwimi, leyo yinkqubo noko kwaye ixesha elide. Ukuze simazi kakuhle na umntwana into ekufuneka igalelwe wakhe ngesandla, ukulicudisa, stroke, ukukhwela.

Ukuqhelanisa abantwana izinto

Ngelo xesha yokuqalisa abantwana amaxabiso kunye nokusebenza ulwazi ngabo isicelo iindlela ezifana nobuchule:

• Uthelekiso izinto ezininzi emdlalweni zizicelo zazo;
• isicelo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa zokudlala ngohlobo iiphiramidi, oonodoli ekwiseli, ifaka kanye njalo njalo.

Ngexesha le midlalo, ezo ezijoliswe umsebenzi runningaway oyivileyo, abantwana bafunda ukuba uthathe, aliqhawule kwaye uzive. Ukusetyenziswa yokuthanjiswa ibhola unika yoko kuhle.

Iiklasi kuphuhliso kwemisebenzi yezandla esandleni

Amalungu touch zezona iminwe, kwaye imikhosi zibalulekileyo waphoswa ekuphuculeni ubuntununtunu of receptor. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi efaka igalelo ekuphuculeni imisebenzi selungu lokuva kunye motor. Le misebenzi zezi:

• umzekelo;
• isicelo;
• Ukwenza umzekelo lesicelo;
• ukubunjwa nephepha kunye ingcibi;
• umzobo;
• ukuhlela izinto ezincinane;
• ukuyilwa kwizigaba zonke iintlobo zezinto.

Kanye ngeveki uyakwazi ukuqhuba uqeqesho ejoliswe ekufundeni imisebenzi yophuhliso uvakalelo selungu lokuva kunye neentshukumo entsonkothileyo olulungeleleneyo izandla. Ukuphuculwa ukuqonda ngokoluvo ngoku sisiseko ukuphuculwa zonke iinkalo umsebenzi womntu mihla.

Iinjongo ze ukuphuculwa kwezakhono sensory lwemoto umntwana

Ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo ubuninzi umsebenzi omkhulu lwaqhutywa ziingcali. Ukuphucula ukuqonda ngokoluvo yahanjiswa misebenzi ilandelayo:

• Ukukhethwa zokwakha uphuhliso lwabantwana ubudala pre-school;
• ukuqhuba uxilongo weqondo iintsana nemizwa.

uqeqesho oluvo - kukukwazi ukukhangela practice kwi parameters ezahlukeneyo ezifana uqwalaselo kunye nobungakanani into iplanethi ithinti zenza into efunekayo. Konke oku uyaphuhliswa ngokuthe ngcembe. Xihinga inkulu endleleni ekufezekiseni le njongo ke obu ekuqaleni. imfundo oluvo kufuneka kucwangciswe kwaye siququzelelwa kunye noqeqesho olusisiseko kule uhlobo lomsebenzi ingabi umsebenzi zokuxabangela. Loo nto a kwimicimbi yeemanyano ulwazi ngempumelelo ubukhulu, imilo kunye nombala yento kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ekhoyo kwinqanaba elithile ngokomzimba komntwana.

Kuphuhliso zobugcisa woluvo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhanjisweni ezandleni kungekabekwa izinto zesenzo. Ootitshala kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kuyo njengomntwana udlala zayimosaic sisondela iipeyinti, sculpts ngodongwe. Ukuthelekiswa kwezakhono zemizwa kunye neyezihlunu kucingelwa ukuba imeko ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso engqondweni yomntwana. ingqalelo ezahlukileyo kufuna kocazululo ngenyameko lweziphumo uqeqesho wadlula.

imfundo oluvo - oku ke Imidlalo kunye imithambo ezingqanyaniswe iimpawu ezithile zomntwana ngamnye. Iiklasi akufunekile ukuba aqale ukwenza imisebenzi eziquka iinzame ezibambeneyo kwabazali nabantwana. Kwixesha elizayo, umntu omdala Ungatshintsha indawo yakhe: Ifunyanwa kufuphi usana, ukuhlala ngaphesheya kuye. Nayiphi na intshukumo umntwana xa kuyimfuneko izimvo kunye nelizwi.

imfundo yezivo abantwana abaselula - yinto nqanaba ebalulekileyo kubomi indoda encinane, nto leyo echaphazela:

• kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza emehlweni, ngaphandle kwebala, nokuva, zinuke;
• ukusebenza umsebenzi motor kunye nokukhuthaza umsetyenzana we ukuhamba;
• ekupheliseni isandi kwi imisipha ntshikilelo engqondweni ngokweemvakalelo, nto leyo kufikelelwe kuyo urhulumente ekhululekile kwaye obutofotofo zempilo;
• ngokuvula i imvelaphi entle yezengqondo iimvakalelo kunye nokwanda ukukwazi ukusebenza womntwana;
• nkqubo isebenze njenge yokucinga, ingqalelo, imbono nokulibala;
• lokukhuthazwa imisebenzi lokuzimela kwaye zovavanyo.

Woluvo kule lincinci

imfundo yezivo abantwana abaselula - yindlela eyenzelwe ukuba ngomdla yokudlala, nasiphi na isibonelelo kwengqondo, nto leyo yenziwe izinto ngamaplanga. Kusenokuba oonopopi ubukhulu ezinkulu nezincinane, iiphiramidi, iityhubhu ezifakelwa ibhodi enemingxuma ngobukhulu ezahlukeneyo iimilo, kunye iseti tabs, iitafile kunye mosaic njalo njalo. Ngokukodwa zokudlala yeplanga zibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso kobuchwepheshe womenzi woluvo kule umntwana, ngenxa yokuba texture elungileyo, ezinzile ngexesha ukuphatha ukwenza iintshukumo ezininzi alula kunye nabo.

Indlela yokwenza emfundo oluvo? Uphuhliso lwabantwana abaselula kuxhomekeke kwindawo yazo. Konke okungeenxa zonke usana unefuthe:

• kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza emehlweni, ngaphandle kwebala, ukuva;
• ukusebenza umsebenzi motor kunye nokukhuthaza umsetyenzana we ukuhamba;
• ekupheliseni isandi kwi imisipha ntshikilelo engqondweni ngokweemvakalelo, nto leyo kuyafikelelwa kunye norhulumente ekhululekile kwaye obutofotofo impilo yabantwana;
• ngokuvula i imvelaphi entle yezengqondo iimvakalelo kunye nokwanda ukukwazi ukusebenza womntwana;
• nkqubo isebenze njenge yokucinga, ingqalelo, imbono nokulibala;
• ukwandisa impembelelo abafana yomsebenzi lokuzimela kwaye zovavanyo.

Uphuhliso eyiyo zeentsana

Kutheni na imfundo ibalulekile sensory? Funda uthole na kwiinyanga yokuqala yobomi, ndiyabona okusingqongileyo ngokusebenzisa ivumba nokuphatha. Ngenxa yokuba oku ekuzalweni de ngenyanga yesine kuyimfuneko ukwenza ingqalelo ngokukodwa kwezi nkqubo nemizwa.

Ekuqaleni lokusekwa kwenkqubo esizibonayo grudnichka yobudala ekuqaleni. imfundo oluvo iinyanga ezintandathu iquka imithambo ukuba ukuqeqesha umsebenzi lwemoto umntwana. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho iindlela ezilula kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile:

• Chukumisa - qha rhoqo emzimbeni kunye nomama wakhe, ulele kunye naye, ukufaka imvuthuluka kwi imiphezulu eyahlukileyo, ezo musa ukuba namavumba, ukusebenzisa iminwe, leyo iqale kweenyanga ezintathu ubudala, enxibe usana ezingalweni zakhe, ngokudibeneyo ukuqubha unina kunye nomntwana.
• Egesi - umntwana kufuneka ukuqonda ivumba emzimbeni kamama wakhe, ngenxa yokuba lo mfazi Akuyomfuneko ukusebenzisa oomoya ngexesha ukusondela kakhulu kubantu kunye nomntwana. Ekupheleni kweenyanga ezintandathu kufuneka banikwe Kiddies ivumba amavumba hayi elibukhali nobumnandi.
• Umbono - angafanele kakhulu ukusondela ubuso bakhe ukuba usana, ngoko akazange asungule squint. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubonisa izinto ezimhlophe, emnyama kunye ithafa sele kunye iinyanga ezimbini zobomi, yaye babonise multi-elimbala zokudlala ezimibalabala uncedo ukufunda ukubonakaliswa yayo esipilini, ebukele ubuhle ngaphandle window, intetho, ukumamela umculo ethambileyo, kwaye ngaphezulu.
• Ngcamla umgangatho - emva ukunikeza yokuqala kuyimfuneko ukuba iyantluko menu.

Kweli nqanaba, kodwa ukuchukumisa abantwana bedlala imisebenzi. Sinokukufanisa umboniso, ukufunda nawazibonayo. Umbono zehlabathi umdlalo kuqala unyaka omnye zobomi.

Development kwi nyaka ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emithathu

imfundo yezivo Funda uthole na ukuphuculwa ngenjongo zonke iindlela okuqonda. Oku konke kwenzeka ngesantya fast kakhulu kwaye elizele. Umsebenzi ophambili kweli nqanaba uphuhliso kuthathwa njongo. Ijolise ukutsala iindidi zezinto ezimibalabala. Kule minyaka, ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu kanye imfundo oluvo. Ukuphuhliswa abantwana umdlalo uthathwa ukuba ibe kuphela isiphumo ezongezelelweyo, nangona oko ufunwayo. A isici esasenza eli thuba kucingwa into yokuba inkqubo oluvo womntwana olukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kuyimfuneko Yiza izinto umntwana onjalo: iphiramidi, sorter, isakhelo nqanawa, iingxowa magic ukugcina isicatshulwa.

Umntwana kufuneka ngeli xesha:

• ufunde ukwenza banxibe amakhonkco ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo kwi intonga ngayo;
• simunce kucebisa uze ulisonge umva izinto ubukhulu ezahlukeneyo;
• kukwazi ukuba amisele shaggy, ithambile, anencasa umphezulu rough;
• niyazazi ezi iimilo zejiyometri, njenge isikwere, isangqa, amagaqa kunye isigaba;
• ukuba iminyaka emithathu ukwahlula incasa kweemveliso eziphambili kwaye ukhetho zawo;
• nomdaniso umculo.

NgezoBomi kwizinto kweli nqanaba lobomi kuthathwa omkhulu, kuba iba nefuthe elikhulu kuphuhliso ubuntu kunye isimo sengqondo yomntwana.

Abantwana abaneminyaka-4 ukuya ku-6

indima ebaluleke kakhulu unika uphuhliso oluvo yabantwana abakwiminyaka zabasakhasayo, kuba sohlala kweli xesha kufuneka uncedo ekulungiseleleni ukuba kwisigaba lwamva ebomini - kufunda. Ngoku eze phambi komdlalo, eziyiyo eyonwabisayo kakhulu nolusebenzayo kakhulu. Umntwana wandivelisa kuphela nje yokudlala, kwaye uthabathe inxaxheba imidlalo indima-idlala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abantwana banomdla kakhulu kwiiklasi ezinjalo. IMIDLALO kwezemfundo oluvo ezijoliswe ngqo kuwo, ukuze abantwana enokumelana ngokulula neemeko ezicetywayo.

Meaning bachukumise ekukhuleni komntwana kule minyaka uthole

Ngoko, siqhubeka ingqalelo imfundo oluvo ngokobudala. Eyodwa kufuneka babe nako ukwenza ingcinga imbonakalo sepropati, ukwahlula yayo imilo, umbala, ubungakanani, isikhundla isithuba, ivumba, incasa, kwaye ngaphezulu. Intsingiselo yophuhliso oluvo ngeli xesha kunzima phansi. Ezi zakhono isiseko sophuhliso kwengqondo lulonke lwe umntwana. Ekubeni entsa izinto ezinzulu malunga nolwazi iqala. Zonke ezinye iindlela zayo, ezifana inkumbulo, ukucinga kunye nomfanekiso- ngqondweni, kwakheka ngokusekelwe okuqonda. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uphuhliso eqhelekileyo ingqondo akunakwenzeka aniqondi ngokupheleleyo.

Abantwana enkulisa bafundiswa umzobo, umzekelo, ukuyila, yazi nge zemvelo, ukudlala imidlalo engesikhokelo sekharityhulam yemfundo kwebala. abafundi elizayo uqala ukufunda izisekelo yemathematika kunye negrama. Ukufumana ulwazi kunye nezakhono kwezi ndawo kuya kufuna ingqalelo iintlobo iipropati into. imfundo oluvo - yinkqubo ende kwaye kunzima. Yena akuphelelanga kwiminyaka ethile kwaye imbali. imfundo yezivo abantwana besebancinane - bubuchule ukuba kuyanceda ukuqonda abo okanye ezinye izinto esithubeni.

isishwankathelo esifutshane

• Kunyaka wabo wokuqala bezelwe umntwana natyetyiswa amava, ezizezi iliso ihamba zokudlala babukeke ifaniswe ngqo esemncinane enjalo. imfundo oluvo kukuba itakane, ebamba izinto lobumbeko kunye neesayizi ezahlukeneyo, ufunda ukuqonda ngendlela eyiyo.
• Kwiminyaka 2-3 abantwana sele azame ukubalaselisa umbala, imilo kunye ubungakanani bezinto, kwoqwebo iimbono malunga iintlobo eziphambili imibala kanye ukucupha. Kwakhona kule lobudala imidlalo efundisayo yabantwana imfundo oluvo wenziwe.
• Ukususela kwiminyaka 4 ukuya ku-6, abantwana baphuhlise imigangatho ethile uyasabela. Sele ingcamango ezinye imibala, amanani zejiyometri umlinganiselo kwizifundo enye kwenye ubukhulu.

Zibandakanye nabantwana bakho, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo baya kukuvuyela kuwe impumelelo yabo kwixesha elizayo!