Imbewu Mustard: inkcazelo amabakala mveliso, ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, ukulima

Mustard - inkcubeko enxulumene semifuno usapho ikhaphetshu. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi elinesibini zezityalo, kodwa nezinongo kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezintathu kuphela - ezimhlophe, emnyama kunye emdaka.

Lwemostade elimhlophe (White lwemostade, lat. Sinapsis alba) eziqhelekileyo Intshona Melika naseYurophu. isityalo Annual, ephantsi (60 cm). imbewu Mustard kule klasi eliqaqambileyo kakhulu, ngokundibamba yobusi, abangaxhalabisiyo elibukhali. lwemostade Brown (okanye sareptskaya, lat. Brassica juncea, Eng. Brown Mustard) ukuthandwa phambili namhlophe, namnyama. Ngokulinganisela kakhulu. imbewu Mustard - 2 mm ububanzi, ngeenxa zonke, antsundu okanye mdaka. Indawo awazalelwa kuyo isityalo ithathwa malayas, nangona nokulinywa kakhulu e-India. Russia "wadibana" kunye lwemostade emdaka kwinkulungwane XVIII. enkosi amaJamani, wamema uCatherine II ngomhla kuphuhliso kumzantsi Russia. Phakathi kwabantu bokuqala wayengugqirha wevangeli kunye umguquleli uKonrad Neytts. Oku with "ngesandla ukukhanya 'sakhe waza lwemostade phezu kwetafile yokumkani.

lwemostade Brown ngoku wathengiswa ngumgubo kwaye kwitafile rhoqo phantse yonke evenkileni. Black lwemostade (Black Mustard, lat. Brassica nigra), nezaziwa ngokuba isiFrentshi, uba imide, ukuya imitha, sesiqu. Iibhokisi imbewu ziyachazwa ngoko nangoko emva emuncu, apho kunzima kakhulu ukucoca. Luthe lwahluma ikakhulu eMzantsi Asia. imbewu Mustard abamnyama kakhulu etsolo, kodwa ke eyona esivumba izinto ezityaliweyo. Isityalo ilinganiselwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo njenge kweziyobisi kunye ukupheka. Iimpawu ezizodwa izinto lwemostade ngenxa esikuzo, kubandakanywa izimbiwa (calcium, ikopolo, manganese, selenium, intsimbi, zinc), phytohormones, iivithamini kunye Antioxidants. imbewu Mustard - wayenovimba yokwenene amandla kunye nefayibha ukungondleki, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kwabo abaphethwe cholesterol agqithisileyo, apho besilwa niacin (vitamin B3). Fruits ziqulathe flavonoids (antioxidants), lutein, zeaxanthin, carotene kunye iivithamini ezininzi nokulwa radicals mahala (K, E, C, A) kunye sterols (sitosterol, campesterol, avenasterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol) mirozin, sinigrin, acid (eicosenoic, erucic, palmitic, oleic).

Imfuno imbewu lwemostade luyanda minyaka yonke. Isityalo elinywayo njenge yokuthengisa ingeniso kwaye ukuze ukutya.

Imbewu lwemostade kunceda ukubuyisela impilo umhlaba, ukuphucula ukuchuma, ukuba atshabalalise amagciwane zezifo ezifana nangembabala kade, Fusarium, kukujaduka, njalo-njalo. Azikuthandi wireworms lwemostade, slug, iqakamba nolovane, i-ertyisi nanundu. Ukuhlwayela umgquba oluhlaza ngaphandle ubaxo akubikho kwakhona ukusuka nobuninzi isichumiso, nto leyo eyingenelo kumafama eqhelekileyo, kunye koqoqosho eqinileyo kunye namafama, ngokuba ukumimitheka zendalo zomhlaba endaweni amachiza ukuba badalwa ngokusekelwe acid, akunakwenzeka. Imbewu lwemostade abuyisele eseleyo lendalo lomhlaba eyona nto ibaluleke ngokwenene. Sikhula isityalo ngokukhawuleza kwaye onako ukunakha ngokukhawuleza esinobunzima nkqu kwixesha abandayo.

Mustard ingakumbi ngempumelelo xa zidityaniswe kunye legumes (utshintsha ngokusebenzisa umqolo). Le umgquba oluhlaza, disintegrating ayalelayo ocoliweyo, ekufunxeni umhlaba kwaye kwandisa vozduhoemkost. Inkqubo iingcambu zesityalo unako ukungena nzulu kangangeemitha ezintathu. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukuqaphela ukuba umgangatho kwesityalo lwemostade, ukukhusela umhlaba kukhukuliseko kwi yasekwindla nemvula yasentwasahlobo ngexesha (kwaye ukuba ekhohlo angaqingqwanga, nkqu ebusika). Uqeshwe ikhephu enkulu, igalelo ukuqokelela ukufuma kunye nokuncitshiswa qhwa lomhlaba. Emaqeleni, apho imimoya bomelele yaye rhoqo ngakumbi, isityalo kuhlwayelwa phakathi ebusika (imiqolo).

Njengoko isityalo sefula lwemostade isetyenziswa ngohlobo mass eluhlaza. Ixabiso kufutshane ukondla yayo.

Ukuhlwayela Imbewu lwemostade kungcono kwenziwa kwimihlaba baphathwa aqhamileyo ngaphambili (isityalo "hlaziya" isichumiso, eyenza kube lula ukutya izityalo ezilandelayo), bazipheka-podzolic kwaye uyisanti. Imbewu isiqhuma nokuba kwi Celsius isidanga 1, amahlumelo zidluliselwa yovalo degrees -5.

imbewu Mustard (ixabiso kuxhomekeke uhlobo, nge-avareji - malunga 30 engange ikilogram) kubhetele ukuthenga ezivenkileni elithile.