Ilibazisekile-uhlobo hypersensitivity: Mechanism Development

Utshintsho susceptibility okanye reactivity ukuya into evela ekuthiwa nokwaliwa (ukusuka yesiGrike. "Ukusabela amazwe"). Igama "nokwaliwa" weza sesayensi Austria Clemens Pirke ngo-1906. Uphakamise ukusebenzisa eli gama ukuchaza isenzo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo ukusuka kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle, yaye izinto ezivuselela ezi negazi, ebizwa izakhi.

American aleji R. A. Kuk ngo-1947 wadala ulwahlulohlulo lokuqala komzimba. Ngokutsho definition wakhe, kukho uhlobo hypersensitivity ngoko nangoko kwaye zila uhlobo hypersensitivity. Uhlobo yokugqibela kuya kuxoxwa ngazo nzulu kweli nqaku. Yintoni ebalulekileyo, reactions hypersensitivity nangoko zila-uhlobo kwahluka kakhulu enye kwenye.

Umehluko omkhulu

Ekhawulezileyo uhlobo hypersensitivity - yokusabela ukuya iantigens ukuba kwenzeka emva kwemizuzu 20-25 emva kwentlanganiso yesibini kunye allergen (antigen). Kwaye indlela libaziseko-uhlobo hypersensitivity It ngamazwi ngaphambi kwe emva kweeyure ezimbalwa okanye iintsuku 7-8. Ngowe-1968, PG Jello kunye R. A. Kumbs ababhale iphepha yenzululwazi, nto leyo othi "Ulwahlulo olutsha negazi lakho." Ngokwale yokuhlela ezi-4 iintlobo ezisisiseko komzimba.

uxabana

• Type 1 - anaphylactic, atopic, reaginic. Ngu zokubonisa olu hlobo na isikhundla nokudumba angioneurotic, ukothuka anaphylactic, isifuba atopic inyumoniya, urticaria.
• Type 2 - cytotoxic okanye cytolytic ukuya obubonakala ziquka wegazi, igazi hemolytic, RH ukungavumelani.
• 3 uhlobo - omzimba uhlobo ezintsonkothileyo okanye Arthus. Uqikelelo iyonke kwaye indlela ephambili isifo serum umyalezo, isifo samathambo, systemic lupus erimatoznoy. Zonke ezi ntlobo zintathu ezinento ukuya hemagglutinin ube lilungu lawo hypersensitivity ngokukhawuleza.
• Uhlobo 4 - imisiwe uhlobo hypersensitivity, indlela iseli counter luphawulwa impembelelo ye-T-lymphocyte iantigens-Heller.

sensibilization

Ukulibaziseka reactions hypersensitivity uhlobo Zegazi yinto ephilayo nezakhi ngeentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, nomngundo, helminths, ngokuba buhlungu ezisegazini iisoyi kunye zendalo (amachiza, amachiza) ukwahlula iiprothini. Kakhulu walibala ngokucacileyo hypersensitivity wasabela kusungulo antigen maloimmunogennyh. A ithamo minor antigen phezu isitofu ongama ebangela uhlobo hypersensitivity imisiwe. indlela yophuhliso ziyabagulisa yale hlobo hypersensitivity yi T-lymphocyte ukuba antigen Heller. заставляет выделяться вещества, например, интерлейкин-2, которые активизируют макрофаги, происходит гибель антигена, вызвавшего сенсибилизацию лимфоцитов. Hypersensitivity eyabelwe yenza lymphocyte into, umz, interleukin-2, nto leyo yenza macrophage, iantigens kwenzeka ukufa eyabangelwa zegazi lymphocyte. lymphocyte T kwakhona iquka indlela zokhuselo ngawo amagciwane zixheliwe, iintsholongwane okanye lenyama.

Olu hlobo zegazi waphawula kwindawo ezininzi zizifo ezosulelayo ezifana nesifo sephepha, negcushuwa, iBrucellosis, isifo somqala omhlophe, mycoses, helminthiasis kunye nabanye, ngokunjalo lenkohlakalo ukwaliwa.

umzekelo

Owona mzekelo izicacele yokusabela bubobabo banjalo tuberculin isikhumba uvavanyo Mantoux. Ukuba umntu emzimbeni yabo inegciwane tuberculous, tuberculin intradermally ukungena, ngoko 24-48 iiyure kwi-induration inaliti wambumba 10-15 mm isilonda elisembindini.

uviwo Histological ibonisa ukuba infiltrate ubukhulu becala ziyilwe lymphocyte kunye neeseli series monocyte-macrophage.

uAnere

Kwiimeko ezinqabe nokungabikho impendulo. Oku kuthiwa anergy, okt ukunqongophala yokusabela ezintweni.

аллерген, попадая в организм, гибнет. anergy Positive kwenzeka xa allergen engena umzimba, uyafa. Kulo mzekelo, lungenzeki komtshiso oko.

anergy okugwenxa kwenzeka xa umzimba ungakwazi ukuzikhusela, ebonisa ukuba bubuthathaka ngamnye. Isizathu sokuba yokunqongophala impendulo, okanye inokuba ukuncitshiswa oqaphelekayo kancinane inani T-lymphocyte okanye ukuhlukunyezwa imisebenzi yawo, lingakwazi zisenokubangelwa umsebenzi eyandileyo T-suppressors.

Paraallergiya and pseudoallergy

«парааллергия» и «псевдоаллергия». Kukho ingqiqo ka "paraallergiya" yaye "pseudo nokwaliwa". при диагностировании инфекционных болезней, выражающихся аллергическими реакциями. Bona kwenzeka ukubonwa kwezifo ezosulelayo, wavakalisa negazi lakho.

Paraallergiya - xa zomzimba ezosulelekileyo uyiphendula ialeji ezifanayo, umzekelo, i-TB osulelekileyo esabela ukuya mycobacteria Nedlac.

Usinga-komzimba - an komzimba, umzekelo, tuberculin ekubeni yokugula wegazi.

isigaba umzimba

Xa ixesha uyalisa-3 sichaza amanyathelo of:

1. sigaba ngumzimba. иммунной системы. Kweli nqanaba, zonke iinguqulelo kwamajoni omzimba. Xa allergen umzimba enebana izilwa-buhlungu kunye lymphocyte hypersensitive.
2. sigaba Pathochemical. которые образуются в результате присоединения аллергена с антителами и гиперчувствительными лимфоцитами. Kweli nqanaba ekubunjweni iiseli mediators (iikhemikhali bioactive), monokines, lymphokines, leyo akhiwa kongezwe le allergen ukuya izilwa-buhlungu kunye lymphocyte hypersensitive.
3. sigaba Pathophysiological. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sifo kwikliniki abonisa. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba abalamli wabonakala kungaba yingozi kwinyama zomzimba. Okwangoku kukho ukudumba, ukurhawuzelela, ziba imisipha agudileyo, kunye nezinye izifo kwegazi.

La manyathelo ukuqinisekisa yalityaziswa-uhlobo hypersensitivity.

unyango

Le yenye yeengxaki ezinzima. Therapy kufuneka wenziwe ngokucacileyo ukususela unyango ngoko nangoko uhlobo hypersensitivity, okt elishiywe-uhlobo hypersensitivity - .. Ingaba nokudumba omzimba.

yokwalathisa

Unyango kufuneka ibhekiswe kwindawo unyango yokukrala ngumzimba kunye neutralization lwe gciwane. Kanti ke, unyango kufuneka uqale imithetho jikelele unyango lwezifo komzimba. Qiniseka ukugcina ukutya hypoallergenic. Xa unyango kule hlobo hypersensitivity ithatha indawo unyango ekhethekileyo etiological ejoliswe unobangela sifo.

Iintlobo yalibala-yohlobo hypersensitivity. unyango lwabo

Olu hlobo hypersensitivity nohlulwe qha, tuberculin kunye granulomatous, ngoko unyango kufuneka lujoliswe uhlobo oluthile.

• Iinkcukacha hypersensitivity kwenzeka xa zakudibana iikhemikhali (ayibe, nickel, nentlaka iinkuni, imetyhuri, njalo-njalo), Iziyobisi, izityalo eziyityhefu. Ukongeza unyango ongundoqo komzimba, qhagamshelana hypersensitivity Ukongezelela wabelwa kumiwe unyango intsebenziswano ebangela nokwaliwa, unyango sineenjongo ukususwa ukudumba, UV-zokukhanya.
• hypersensitivity Tuberculin inxulumene uxilongo wabiza tuberculin okanye nezakhi efanayo, ngoko ke akunyanzelekanga ukuba unyango.
• hypersensitivity eyosulelayo yalibala kwenzeka xa Cya zegazi ezibangela izifo ezosulelayo ezifana nesifo sephepha, negcushuwa, iBrucellosis, anthrax, ukuvuza ngaphantsi, zintwala olwaye lwamfimfitha. Unyango komzimba ezosulelayo lujolise ukutshatyalaliswa kwamagciwane sifo.
• hypersensitivity uyalisa kwiiproteni ezinyibilikayo kwenzeka xa buthathaka amajoni omzimba, apho umzimba akuthathi iikhompawundi proteinaceous ezifana nobisi, intlanzi, amaqanda, amandongomane, imidumba kunye neeproteni ezithile eziqulathwe okuziinkozo. unyango olusebenzayo ukusuka ekutyeni ayibabandakanyi konke ukutya ezibangela komzimba.
• hypersensitivity komzimba - kuxa kwinyama zomzimba kunye neeseli eziveliswa izilwa-ethe, obo ke unobangela komzimba. Kukho iindidi ezimbini engavumelani sokuhlasela.

Okokuqala - oku xa umsebenzi omzimba ukuba yonakele, kodwa autoallergens kukho ebangela nezifo kakuhle. Okwesibini - xa amajoni omzimba unika ukungaphumeleli, engazi apho iiprothini zabo, kwaye apho abasemzini, ngoko yena ukholelwa ukuba lo allergen. Unyango ibonisa kunye pathogenetic kuthwalelwa phandle, ekukho ekusebenziseni immunosuppressants. Oku ikakhulu corticosteroids.

Hypersensitivity abohlukeneyo - ngodungadungo yequmrhu angaphandle okulungiswe emzimbeni. Nqanda allergies ezinjalo kunokuba ukhetho kakuhle loo mbutho, ngokunjalo bokunikeza amachiza ezahlukeneyo immunosuppressive ukuba zinqanda amajoni omzimba.

Ngenxa yoko, abasabela ngayo kwalibaziseka uhlobo hypersensitivity sibaluleke esinzima. Xa intliziyo indlela hypersensitivity abasabela nangokurhala, nto leyo inceda isiqabu zokugula kwimimandla echaphazelekayo kunye nokusekwa kwenkqubo ziphile.