Ikhowudi Trigeminal kunye neyunithi yomsebenzi ikhowudi yezofuzo

Abemi zokuqala lo mhlaba kungenzeka ukuba abe nobomi encinane kakhulu. ulwalathiso yokuzivelela bonke bayaphila eya ayolule ngobomi ephilayo ukuba lithathelwe ngempumelelo neemeko zokusingqongileyo, iindlela zophuhliso lohlengahlengiso kunye amathuba okudluliselwa yamava izizukulwana ezilandelayo. Yenza emvelo ngokwesicwangciso eye wavumela eziphilayo emhlabeni ukuze bafumane wazazi kwaye uqale uphuhliso ngempumelelo. Indlela kogcino matrix kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi yemfuza similise inkqubo ikhowudi yezofuzo, apho icandelo eziphambili - iyunithi olusebenzayo ikhowudi yezofuzo.

Le mfundiso engundoqo ezinto eziphilayo

Esinazo - amaqela ephambili ekuqhubekekeni yebhayoloji yobomi. Nature udale transmission iindlela nokukotshwa yemfuza xa usebenzisa ikhowudi kwi iiproteni ekwakhiweni chain asidi acid. Imisebenzi nucleic (DNA kunye RNA) - ulwazi ukugcina uze uyithumele isakhiwo iiproteni. Kunye neeproteni kusabela pathways wayisa ibinzana phenotypic le datha. Izakhi Ikhowudi - matrix yomgama ukugcina ulwazi kubume protein ngokubhala ezintathu zalo nucleotides kwikhonkco asidi acid. Iyunithi incinane esebenzayo ikhowudi yezofuzo equlethe ulwazi malunga unit ubuncinane noshowo iiprotheni - a triplet ye nucleotides kwi-DNA okanye RNA chain. ulwazi adlulisele ukusuka DNA mRNA kunye mRNA kwezinye RNA kunye ziiprotein iimolekyuli.

inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kweekhowudi Universal

Ngomhla ukuqonda ikhowudi yezofuzo kwinzululwazi kwathatha kwenkulungwane, kunye nokwanda kwalo - nje elishumi. Ukususela kwintshayelelo nomba isakhiwo DNA kweleli kabini (1953, Watson kunye Crick) beze ukuqonda indima yakhe njengoko izinto ilifa, baza baqalisa ukukhangela oonobumba be-alfabhethi, apho irekhodwa kwi inkcazelo yayo. Ingcamango yokuba iyunithi yomsebenzi ikhowudi yezofuzo, nucleotide omnye kwaoko nako ukuma nokugxekwa. Zine nucleotide iyavumelana (adein, guanine, cytosine kunye thymine) DNA nako encoder iiproteni-21 acid. Zezibalo, zesayensi kunye zebhayoloji othatha inxaxheba kuphando inkqubo encoding yaye ngokukhawuleza bafumanisa ukuba acid acid enye ikhowudi ukulandelelana nucleotides ezintathu. Ngaloo ndlela, iyunithi yomsebenzi ikhowudi yezofuzo - yinto triplet ye nucleotides linoxanduva Yindibanisela esidi protein acid. Ezintathu (codons) ka-64, apho 61 - le ngqiqo codons (encoding acid acid), kunye 3 aseleyo - ngamampunge. Bona musa ulwazi malunga asidi acid, kwaye senze njengesikhululo codon aphakamisa okanye ngokuzalisa Yindibanisela molecule protini.

Triplet - iyunithi esebenzayo ikhowudi yezofuzo

Biopolymer nucleic acid molecule iquka monomers - nucleotides. Abo ke, nayo, yenza i DNA okuqhubekayo apho ulwazi inkqubo ukhutshelo ukuba idluliselwe mRNA ngokungqinelana kwisakhelo ukufunda, apho ixabiso elincinane ikhowudi umntu triplet of nucleotides - t. ifreyim ukufunda ihambisa unidirectionally, kwaye ikhowudi yezofuzo ecacileyo kunye degeneracy of unambiguity (komsebenzi).

Pointedness nokwahluka

ulwazi triplet ayintsonkothanga, ngamanye umlinganiselo we-1 t -1 acid acid ayikho variably. Acid acid unako enkhowudwa kunye ezintathu eziliqela, kodwa triplet ethile - into ethile acid acid. isakhelo Ukufunda lisoloko ngqo kwicala efanayo, yaye oku ngenxa yobukho ezintathu, ukuqalisa ukufunda wayigqiba. Oku kugcina uzinzo lwesakhiwo protini. Enye impahla ezintathu - disjointness. Oku kuthetha ukuba nucleotide ethile inxalenye ezintathu, kodwa nje kuphela omnye.

Le komsebenzi yemvelo

Le degeneracy of the (komsebenzi) ikhowudi yezofuzo - oku nesilinganiso ukhuseleko ephilayo. Uyabakhusela iiseli nxamnye usenokungayibo- izakhi. iyunithi nganye esebenzayo ikhowudi yezofuzo nise endaweni 1, 2 no-3 nucleotides kwi triplet. Ngenxa yoko, 9 lamalalela ngokokuma nganye kwabadlali triplet nucleotide kwi nganye 4-1 = 3 ngobuwena kunokwenzeka, yaye oko kwabangela ukuba bafumane 61 nge-9 = 549 Ukrainian lunee ntlobo wokusebenzisa nucleotides kwi triplet. Oku ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko uku encoder acid 21. Le pereizbytochnost okanye degeneracy, yaye ubukho yebhayoloji yobomi kunye nokunciphisa ubuncinane iimpazamo xa ufunda ulwazi yemfuza.

Codon okanye triplet?

Kule ncwadi, kukho triplet of nucleotides, njengokuba yeMetro ezisebenzayo ekuthiwa triplet okanye codon. Yintoni umahluko nokuthi? Igama elithi "codon" lisetyenziswa kwinkqubo ngqo wokuguqulela - ukudlulisela ulwazi ukusuka RNA ukuya zinemoletyhule protein. Igama elithi "triplet" lisetyenziswa kwimeko ngokubanzi lwesemantiki, xa echaza ulwazi ukufunda ifreyimu zombini RNA ne-DNA.