Iintlobo ze-roofing ezithambileyo. Uphahla olunzulu: ukuphononongwa

Enye yeendlela endala zokugubungqa uphahla yiphahla elithambileyo. Imbali yayo iqala ngendlela indoda eyolulela ngayo umthi womthi okanye isikhumba kwiipalo, ukukhuselwa ilanga nemvula. Namhlanje, ubomvu ophahleni, ke, akukho mntu usebenzisa, kukho umlinganiselo omkhulu wezinye izinto, izinto ezinokusebenza ngakumbi. Kwaye kukho ubuchwepheshe obuninzi, ongayenza ifowuni yayo.

Zonke iintlobo zephahla elithambileyo zineziphene kunye neenzuzo.

Inzuzo

Phakathi kweenzuzo zephahla elithambileyo zilandelayo:

• Ukukwazi ukuhlela uphahla lweemeko ezahlukeneyo ezinzima;
• Ukungeniswa kokufakela, ngelixa kungadingi ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinzima;
• Impawu ezintle zokungena kwamanzi;
• Ukugcinwa kakuhle;
• Iqondo eliphantsi;
• Xa imvula ingenzi isandi;
• Ingabonakaliswa kukubola;
• Xa ufaka ixabiso elincinci;
• Iindleko eziphantsi.

Umxhasi

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba naluphi na uhlobo lwesithambiso esithambileyo, nangona ubuninzi beempahla zalo ezilungileyo, ziba neengxaki. Nangona isayensi kunye ne-teknoloji ayifanelekanga indawo, kwaye izixhobo ziyaqhubeka ziphuculwe.

Ngoko, ingqumbo:

• Imfuno yesiseko esiqinileyo;
• Ukumelana nomlilo ophantsi;
• Iimpawu ezinobunzima bokufakelwa kwe-thermal;
• Ukuba indawo encinci yonakaliswe, kuyadingeka ukuba ithathe indawo yephepha elipheleleyo.

Iintlobo ze-roofing ezithambileyo

Isiqingatha sekhulu leminyaka esidlulileyo inani lempahla yesiphene salo likhawulelwe kumagama 2-3, phakathi kwazo iintlobo ezininzi zokuphahla zivakalelwa, kwaye kuphela ngokusekelwe kwiphepha le-bitumen-impregnated.

Namhlanje, iintlobo zoophahla ophahlakileyo ophahleni zimelelwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezineendawo ezihlukeneyo, ububanzi kunye nokubonakala. Iintlobo ezintsha zivela phantse yonke imihla, ngoko kule nqaku siza kuzama ukuxelela ubuncinane malunga nezona zinto ziqhelekileyo.

I-Flexible shingles

Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-bituminous roof roof (iindidi zayo zinemilo eyahlukeneyo nemibala, kodwa siya kuthetha ngako ngezantsi). Iqulethwe ngamathathu. Ingaphandle-ibonakala ngathi - yinto enemibala egqityiweyo. Emva koko kuza i-bitumen ukusuka kumacala amabini ukuya kwi-fiberglass. Kwaye umgca ongaphantsi - ibhitumni yerabha. Kwakhona i-glue. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba olu hlobo lophahla lubonelela ngokufanelekileyo ngokuhambelana nokuvuza (ukumelana kwamanzi) kunye nokuqina kobuqhetseba. Kwakhona iimpawu zayo ezibalulekileyo kukungabikho kokunyuka, ukubola nokubola. Kwakhona, xa ufaka uphahla olunjalo, inxalenye encinci yenkunkuma. Xa kuthelekiswa, ukuchitha inkunkuma xa kudala uphahla kwiitera zetsimbi kufinyelela kuma-50%. Ngethuba elifanayo, ukukhwabanisa okuguquguqukayo , ukuhoxiswa kwe-5% sele sele ifunyenwe ngokubanzi.

Ezi zintlupheko zephahla ezithambileyo zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Iveliswa kwimibala embala kakhulu kunazo zonke kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobunjwa: i-hexahedrons, ii-rectangles, i-semicircles; Kukho iileyile kunye neetayile ezininzi.

Inzuzo yayo yindlela yokudala uphahla kunye ne-geometry eyinkimbinkimbi, eyenza sikwazi ukwanelisa iimfuno zabathengi abaninzi abafuna ukukhupha, kunye nokuqonda iinjongo ezingavamile zabakhi bezakhiwo. Ukongezelela, uphahla olunjalo luyimpahla engabonakaliyo, kuba inezixhobo ezinobungakanani bokuqhelanisa izandi. Isiqinisekiso sisilinganiso seminyaka engama-20, kodwa uqobo lwenkonzo yeenkonzo lufikelela kwisiqingatha sekhulu leminyaka.

Phakathi kweempazamo zephahla ezinjalo zingabonwa kuphela iindleko, eziphezulu kakhulu kunesinyithi. Oku kungenxa yokuba le nto ibandakanya isiseko esisisigxina (ii-lath ezenziwe ngamaplywood okanye umthi owomileyo, ongezantsi). Abavelisi bayo abakhulu yiRuflex, Icopal, Tegola, Tekhnonikol.

Ukukhahla

Kufuneka ukuba ngokukhawuleza kuboniswe ukuba iintlobo zeeplasi eziluhlaza zihlukeneyo. Enye yezinto ezidumileyo kunye nezinto ezincinci kule nqanaba zizinto eziqhelekileyo zokuphahla. Isiseko saso sikhadi lokupakisha elibanjwe ngebhitumen. Emva kokuba unyango olunjalo, macala omabini ahlanganiswe ngoluhlu olukhethekileyo olunomxube we-mineral filler kunye ne-bitumen. Isigaba sokugqibela semveliso siquka ukugubungela inxalenye yangaphandle yoluhlu kunye ne powder. Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba ukuphawula okunjalo kuvezwe ukusuka ekuphahleni kukwahluke ngokuxinwa kwekhadibhodi.

Ubomi bezinto ezinjalo ziyiminyaka emi-5. Okwangoku, iteknoloji ishintshile kancinci, kwaye kwisiseko kwikhadibhodi idla ngokufakela ingubo yecolyester okanye i-fiberglass canvas. Utshintsho kwithekhnoloji lwenze ukuba kube lula ukuphindaphinda ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo.

Enye into ephakamileyo ephahlayo i-rubaste, ebonakalayo njengezinto eziphazamisayo. Uhlobo oluphambili oluvela kwi-ruberoid lukwimeko ephakamileyo yebhitumen, ekhoyo kwicandelo elingaphantsi komgca.

Iindidi ezinjenge-roof roof, iifoto zazo ezichazwe kweli nqaku, zibizwa ngokuba yi-ruberoid yeglasi, i-glass-insulator kunye ne-glass-melt. Isiseko sabo siyi-fiberglass. Ngomzuzu wamanje, enye yezona zikhetho eziphambili kakhulu phakathi kwezinto zokuqhawula i-eurorebroid - yi-bitumen-polym membrane.

Emva kokuzibandakanya kunye neendidi zezinto zokuqhawula umbuzo onengqiqo malunga nokuba zivela njani. I-teknoloji yabo yokuvelisa ayinzima. Uluhlu olukhethekileyo lokubhinca (umxube wee-bitumen kunye ne-polymer additives) lusetyenziswa kwisigcawu sefriji okanye i-polyester. Ubomi beli bakala malunga neminyaka engama-20. Ingxaki yokuphela kwayo yinto enganyangekiyo yokushisa kumaqondo aphantsi, ngoko ke, xa kubeka kubalulekile ukubonelela ubuncinane ubuncinane be-3-4.

Zonke izixhobo zokuqhafaza zifanelekile ukuphahla kunye nomthamo we-45 °. Ekubeni iphepha eliphahlayo linomgangatho ophezulu ngokwaneleyo wokumanzi kwamanzi, kusetyenziswe ngisho nakwiindawo eziphahleni. Izinto ezinjalo zenziwe ngendlela yeemfestile, ezithe zagqitywa zize zifakwe kwiinqwelo ezinkulu. Ububanzi bawo bubanzi 1 m nobude be-10-15 m.

Ukukhutshwa kommangalo

Eli gama kufuneka liqondwe njengezo zonke iintlobo zoluhlu oluthile lwe- roof roof . Izinto ezinjalo ziveliswa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo:

• Uphahla lwe Polyolefin.
• Uphahla lwe-thermoplastic.
• Uphahla lwama-ethylene-propylene-diene.
• Uphahla lwePolvinylchloride.

I-membrane ye-polymer entshonalanga isetyenzisiwe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-50, esi siyaziwa malunga nama-50 eminyaka. Okwangoku, malunga ne-80% yazo zonke izinto eziphathekayo eziphambili ziphazamise kwi-membrane ye-polymer eYurophu.

Ubonakaliswa ngokuguquguquka, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana neqabunga, imozulu kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-ozone, ukumelana ne-oxidation kunye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Kubuye kube nobomi obude - ubomi bentlalo malunga neminyaka engama-50 ngaphandle kokulungiswa.

Ukukhululeka kokusetyenziswa kuqinisekiswa ngobubanzi obubanzi bembumba, okwenza kube lula ukukhetha ubungakanani obukhulu bokupakisha kwezakhiwo zoshishino kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu zokwakha, ezinciphisa inani leemigangatho. Ukunyuka kwendawo yokupakisha kwimbumba kungenziwa kulo nyaka.

Uphahla oluphantsi: iintlobo, ukuphononongwa

Namhlanje, unokufumana impendulo eninzi kwi-roof soft. Abantu baqaphela ithuba lokudala uphahla lweendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukungabikho kwengxolo kwimvula, lula ukufakwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kunye nayo yonke impendulo emihle ingafumaneka kwaye ingabonakali, ihambelana kakhulu kunye nesidingo sokwakha isiseko esiqinileyo, esenza iindleko ezongezelelweyo kwizixhobo kunye nemisebenzi yamakhosi.

Ukufakwa kwendawo

Iintlobo ezininzi zinophahla oluluhlaza, ngoko ke iintlobo zomsebenzi, ngoko, ziyahluka kwaye zixhomekeke kwizinto ezikhethiweyo. Emva koko, qwa lasela iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zokuyila ezihlukeneyo.

Rafters

Kuphahla olufana nalolu hlobo, izakhiwo zemizila azifani nazo zonke izakhiwo zephahla. Okukuphela kwento yokuba phantse zonke iindidi zokugaya zifuna i-khabate yeplywood, ubunzima bayo bufanele kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngexesha lokubala amandla.

Rims

Phantse zonke iintlobo zephahla elithambileyo, njengoko sele zikhankanywe ngaphambili, zidinga i-crate yeplywood. Ukwahlula uphahla lwe-ondulin, umthamo ongaphezu kwe-12 . Kule meko, ikhreyiti enekanyathelo elincinci inokwenzeka, echazwe kwizinto ezithile.

Pie yomnyango

Kukho ezininzi iimpawu. Kwimeko apho igumbi apho isicaciso sokupakisha sitshiswa khona, ke omnye umgca wokukhupha umtshumo uyafuneka, zonke izinto ezikulo hlobo zinomgangatho ophezulu wokuqhuba umbane.

Kufuneka kubekho imfuneko ukucwangcisa imimbrane yokukhusela umphunga ukuze kuphephe ukulimala kwikrekethi kunye nokwakhiwa kwemvume. Ezinye izinto zokubhala kufuneka zifakwe kwiindawo eziliqela. Uluhlu oluphezulu lwekhava, uhlobo olukhethiweyo lwefayili lusetyenziselwa ukupakishwa kwamatye amaninzi.

Eli nqaku lihlolisise iintlobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kunye neyaziwayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwanoma yiyiphi yalezi zinto kwenza ukuba kube lula ukufumana uphahla lwangoku, uphahla lwangoku, kunye nokwakhiwa okunokwethenjelwa ngobomi benkonzo ende.