Iindidi Civilizations: East & West

Ukuqala uku chaza ngokwabo kunye elithi "nempucuko". Iingcali zefilosofi kunye mbali baye kule lizwi isiqulatho eziliqela esemantiki ezahlukeneyo. Cinga iintlobo lempucuko, ebizwa ngokuba 'localized kwiinkampani ngexesha kunye nendawo. " mbali Various umsindo izixa ezahlukeneyo lempucuko zasekuhlaleni. EliNgesi Arnold Toynbee wayekholelwa ukuba kule nkulungwane yeminyaka kwakukho (kwaye usaphila) impucuko ezintlanu: Western, Orthodox (eziquka Russian), amaSilamsi, amaHindu kunye East Far (China, eJapan, Korea, mpuma Asia). Nje eziqaphelekayo zembali wandibalela amathathu anesixhenxe impucuko.

Iintlobo kwemiphakathi, ngokutsho Toynbee, yahlulwe yaba ngemixokelelwane inezigaba ezintathu. Yonke impucuko ezikhoyo ezi wesithathu, ikhonkco lokugqibela. Umzekelo, impucuko yethu yokugqibela kule chain: i Minoan impucuko - Hellenic - Orthodox. Oko kukuthi, ngokwembono yakhe, siphila kwixesha utshintsho jikelele olwandulela abandayo utyekelo zembali. Noko ke, akwaziwa nini kwaye yintoni fomu liya kwenzeka.

Kule nezifundo zenkcubeko eqhelekileyo ezithandwayo yamkela imbono lula ubukho ngokwenkcubeko namasiko Koloni, nto leyo oluchasene uhlobo esempuma impucuko, waphawulwa ngezinto eziliqela iimpawu ezisisiseko. Ezi, kuqala, isimo sengqondo ezahlukileyo kumntu ngamnye kuluntu kunye nesimo sengqondo impahla.

Le inkcaso, Kakade ke, ukuba krwada. Iindidi eziphambili lempucuko ezingaphelelanga ku hlula ukuya eMpuma West. Ewe, kanye inkcazelo le mpucuko empumalanga kufuneka icaciswe. Ukusuka kwindawo imbono yendoda yaseYurophu esitratweni, impucuko Iranian, Kazakhstan neChina - yinto malunga efanayo, ezahlukeneyo kuphela iinkcukacha ezingephi kunye wayebhekisela uhlobo empuma lempucuko. Ngelo xesha, nawuphi na umntu onobuchule (singasathethi abemi ezi ithi), kucacile ukuba kwimeko yokuqala esinayo urhulumente classical iMuslim Shiite kwindawo yesibini - ziye phantsi impembelelo yamaMuslim nenkcubeko abasemathanga impahlana Great (elithi Lva Gumileva), kwaye eyesithathu - nabaphathi ezintsonkothileyo, equka dha, Taoist kunye namacandelo zikaConfucius izakwandisa eliphekwe ubuKomanisi.

Ewe, naseYurophu mihla malunga ingcamango "okulungileyo nokubi" yahluke gqitha ukusuka European Ages Aphakathi. Iimbono Savonarola, Torquemada kunye iNkosana Richelieu, ezaba de facto umlawuli eFransi, akunanto yakwenza nkqubo ephambili yanamhlanje zasekhaya uninzi amazwe aseYurophu.

Konke oko, ngokoluvo umntu yaseYurophu esitratweni, ngoku uphawu lempucuko asempuma - collectivism, ukuba sezantsi kwesikhundla ngamnye eluntwini - kwaba kwi-Europe endala. Kwaye ukuba iYurophu "liye lakhula." Nje phantsi izinga drive. Old World wakhula ezityebileyo, vilandini, ukusa kwinqanaba elithile. Ngoko ke, ukuze bazive bekhululekile eYurophu, afikayo emzantsi nasempuma, abathwali izithethe ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko. Kungenzeka efanayo kwilizwe lwamandulo empuma - eJapan, umgaqo-siseko wabhala amagqwetha omkhosi yomsebenzi American ngethemba ukuba iziphathe Koloni. Kodwa Japanese kunjalo ngamandla amakhulu kakhulu isiko. Ku va Sinabantu abazimiseleyo, bakwazi ukuzikhusela ngokwabo kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle. Ukuze "iintlobo lempucuko" ezahlukeneyo akananto yakwenza naloo nto.